• Title/Summary/Keyword: laboratory analysis

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Gallic Acid Hindered Lung Cancer Progression by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in A549 Lung Cancer Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathway

  • Ko, Eul-Bee;Jang, Yin-Gi;Kim, Cho-Won;Go, Ryeo-Eun;Lee, Hong Kyu;Choi, Kyung-Chul
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 2022

  • This study elucidates the anti-cancer potential of gallic acid (GA) as a promising therapeutic agent that exerts its effect by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. To prove our research rationale, we used diverse experimental methods such as cell viability assay, colony formation assay, tumor spheroid formation assay, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL assay, Western blot analysis, xenograft mouse model and histological analysis. Treatment with GA inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner as measured by cell viability assay at 48 h. GA and cisplatin (CDDP) also inhibited colony formation and tumor spheroid formation. In addition, GA and CDDP induced apoptosis, as determined by the distribution of early and late apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway induced upregulation of p53 (tumor suppressor protein), which in turn regulated cell cycle related proteins such as p21, p27, Cyclin D1 and E1, and intrinsic apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. The anti-cancer effect of GA was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model. Intraperitoneal injection with GA for 4 weeks in an A549-derived tumor xenograft model reduced the size of tumor mass. Injection of them downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p-Akt, but upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Taken together, these results indicated that GA hindered lung cancer progression by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that GA would be a potential therapeutic agent against non-small cell lung cancer.

  • https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2021.074 인용 PDF KSCI

Convergence study of traditional 2D/1D coupling method for k-eigenvalue neutron transport problems with Fourier analysis

  • Boran Kong ;Kaijie Zhu ;Han Zhang ;Chen Hao ;Jiong Guo ;Fu Li
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.1350-1364
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    • 2023

  • 2D/1D coupling method is an important neutron transport calculation method due to its high accuracy and relatively low computation cost. However, 2D/1D coupling method may diverge especially in small axial mesh size. To analyze the convergence behavior of 2D/1D coupling method, a Fourier analysis for k-eigenvalue neutron transport problems is implemented. The analysis results present the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method in small axial mesh size. Several common attempts are made to solve the divergence problem, which are to increase the number of inner iterations of the 2D or 1D calculation, and two times 1D calculations per outer iteration. However, these attempts only could improve the convergence rate but cannot deal with the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method thoroughly. Moreover, the choice of axial solvers, such as DGFEM SN and traditional SN, and its effect on the convergence behavior are also discussed. The results show that the choice of axial solver is a key point for the convergence of 2D/1D method. The DGFEM SN based 2D/1D method could converge within a wide range of optical thickness region, which is superior to that of traditional SN method.

  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2022.12.034 인용 PDF