• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.541-547
• /
• 1996

우리는 국내에서 개발한 항 NCA-95 단일클론항체의 면역학적 특성을 규명하고 $^{99m}Tc$ 표지법을 연구하여 골수면역 신티그라피법을 개발한 바 있다. 그러나 $^{99m}Tc$ 단일클론항체의 표지효율이 낮고, 과정이 복잡하여 시간이 오래 걸리는 단점이 있어 임상적용에 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 $^{99m}Tc$ 표지 단일클론항체의 표지과정을 개선하여 시간을 단축하고 표지효율을 높이는 연구를 실시하였다. 티올기와 아민 및 하이드록시 그룹을 가진 착화제(chelator)와 $^{99m}Tc$은 안정한 복합체를 형성하므로, 이러한 화학적 성질을 이용하여 항체를 환원시켜 티올기를 생성하고 여기에 약한 착화제와 결합한 $^{99m}Tc$을 가하는 transchelation법을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 방법 1. ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol로 항체를 환원하고 환원제의 존재하에 $^{99m}Tc$-gluconate 를 이용한 표지법, 방법 2. 항체의 환원후 ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol을 제거하고 $^{99m}Tc$-gluconate를 사용한 표지법, 방법 3. 환원제를 제거한 항체에 MDP를 먼저 가하고 여기에 $^{99m}Tc$을 가하는 표지법을 시도하여 보았다. 고정상으로는 ITLC-SG를, 이동상으로는 생리식염수와 아세톤을 사용하여 표지효율을 구하였다. 방법 1은 표지효율이 40-70%이나 좋은 골수영상을 얻었고, 방법 2의 경우 표지효율은 70-80%로 개선되었으나 혈액풀의 방사능이 높았다. MDP를 착화제로 이용한 방법 3은 표지효율이 $92.4{\pm}5.9%$(n=15) 이고 면역반응성은 약 60%였으며 골수면역 신티그라피에서도 좋은 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 때로는 $^{99m}Tc$- MDP 방사능이 높아 뼈에 흡수되는 방사능이 증가하는 단점이 있지만 PD-10 컬럼을 이용하여 분리가 가능하였다. 환원된 항체를 냉동보관하여 사용하였을 경우에도 안정하여 냉동보관 47일 까지 90%이상의 표지효율을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 $^{99m}Tc$ 표지 항 NCA-95 단일클론항체의 표지법의 개선으로 더 쉽게 임상에 이용할 수 있게 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권2_2호
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 2024

This study conducted to examine the effects of a GMO education(n=108 university students). Although the experience of encountering GMO was 84.3%, awareness was moderate or lower for 76.9%, 62% were unaware of GMO labeling, and 44.4% had no previous education on GMO. After the education, GMO positive perceptions, specifically in terms of improving work efficiency(p<0.05), negative perception(p<0.001), and GMO knowledge increased significantly(p<0.05). The need for expanding GMO labeling (p<0.05) and adjust to 0.9%(exclusion criteria) for labeling(p<0.001) increased significantly. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the need and willingness to accept a price increase for the full labeling system(p<0.01), with a significant increase in the willingness to pay up to 20%(p<0.05). The pre-contemplation stage showed a significant decrease(p<0.001). The preparation and behavior and maintenance stage showed a significant increase(p<0.001). Based on these findings, it is suggested that GMO education be implemented to provide accurate information and emphasize the necessity of consumers' right to know and choose through the implementation of the full labeling system of GM foods.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2017

It has been reported that $^{64}Cu$ was radiolabeled with bombesin (BBN) peptide binding to the gastrin releasing peptide receptor expressed in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), confirming tumor target efficacy in mouse model. In this study, we developed the kit for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer that can be used clinically using bombesin peptide available of $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ radioisotope labeling. The NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide containing the NODAGA chelator and galactose was dispensed into a sterilized glass vial and lyophilized to prepare a kit. The stability of the kit after long-term storage in the $4^{\circ}C$ cold chamber and the radiolabeling efficiency after $^{64}Cu$ or $^{177}Lu$ labeling were confirmed by thin layer chromatography. When labeling with $^{64}Cu$ at the initial stage of storage, labeling efficiency of NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide kit was over 96%, labeling efficiency was over 90% when $^{177}Lu$ was labeled. At 11 months after storage, the radiolabeling efficiency of kit against $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ was each over 95% and 90%. The cell viability was significantly reduced in the $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN treated group compared with the control and $^{177}Lu$ alone treated group in clonogenic assay. In conclusion, the NODAGA-galacto-BBN kit prepared by the lyophilization showed high stability over time and high yield of radioisotope labeling. Also $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN confirmed high cytotoxicity to prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the NODAGA-galacto-bombesin kit is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.361-366
• /
• 1996

본 연구는 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템에서 용출될 수 있는 알루미늄이 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율과 생체내 분포에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 보기 위한 실험이다. 알루미늄이온 농도 ($0-62.5{\mu}g/ml$)를 증가시킬수록 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율은 급격히 떨어지며 상대적으로 $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate와 hydrolyzed reduced $^{99m}Tc$ 부위의 상대적인 양은 증가되었다. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP는 알루미늄 존재하에서도 상당히 안정하였다. 알루미늄에 의해 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 반응물이 교질을 형성하는지를 보기 위해 $0.22{\mu}m$ syringe filter로 여과한 액은 여과하지 않은 것과 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 마우스에 대한 생체내 분포실험은 알루미늄에 의해 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 표지효율이 떨어지고 $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate의 증가로 인해 혈액과 심장의 흡수는 증가하나 간과 뼈의 흡수는 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 랫트의 골스캔에서는 $5{\mu}g/ml$의 알루미늄농도에서는 영상의 차이가 없으나 $10{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 하복부의 흡수가 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 알루미늄이 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템 칼럼의 용출제한량인 $10{\mu}g/ml$이하에서도 MDP의 표지효율에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서$^{99m}Tc$-MDP 골스캔시 연조직에의 흡수가 보이는 경우에도 방사성의약품의 방사화학적 순도에 대한 정도관리가 충분히 이루어 졌다면 $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ 발생기시스템에서 용출되는 알루미늄에 의한 영향은 배제될 수 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 1993

$Technetium-^{99m}$ labeling method using bifunctional chelating agent cyclic DTPA has been evaluated with human polyclonal nonspecific IgG. IgG was conjugated with cyclic DTPA with various molar ratio. Reduction of $^{99m}Tc$ was done with $Na_2S_2O_4$ with various molar excess. Labeling efficiency and identification of polymer was confirmed with HPLC using TSK4000 SW column. Polymer was purified with 100 cm Sepharose 6LB column. Cultured $1{\times}10^9$ Staphylococcus aureus were injected into rat thigh 24 hours later labeled IgG was injected, and in vivo distribution was observed 4 and 24 hours thereafter. Reduction of $^{99m}Tc$ was optimal with the 10000-50000 times molar excess of $Na_2S_2O_4$. Polymer formation increased with increasing mloar excess of cyclic DTPA to IgG. Three step labeling-labeling DTPA conjugated IgG after reduction of $^{99m}Tc$-made more polymer than two two step labeling-simultaneous mixing DTPA conjugated IgG, $^{99m}Tc$ and $Na_2S_2O_4$. $^{99m}Tc$ blood clearance and lower uptake in the abscess and other organs. IgG conjugated with 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance with 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance than that of 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance than that of 20 times molar excess. In the $^{99m}Tc$ labeling of IgG with cyclic DTPA for the immunoscintigraphy, obtimal labeling condition should be chosen, and effect of the $^{99m}Tc$ labeled IgG polymer should be considered.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 1995

Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([$^{99m}Tc$]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking $^1H$ spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2014

In recent years, Korean government has focused on improving the environmental impact of products in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to achieve their energy goals. The government has been conducting the following polices such as green procurement inducement and certification system. After carbon labeling was conducted in 2009, among a total of 1,065 items, 97 building materials have been given a certification: finishing materials items have the highest weight (56%). The increase in the certification numbers shows that there has been considerable technical efforts in the building material industry. At the awareness of carbon label and purchase of low carbon product, however, customers are aware of carbon labeling but the purchasing rate of carbon product is low. In this paper, we suggest that low carbon activities must also be considered in order to create client value by adding the concept of ecological efficiency. The objective of this study to measurer the eco-efficiency of carbon labeled building materials on the basis of environmental aspects of the product with the perspective of economy for purchasing the excellent products.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2015

Chelating agents 1,4,7-triazacyclononanetriacetic acid (NOTA), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and 30-amino-3,14,25-trihydroxy-3,9,14,20,25-penta-azatriacontane-2,10,13,21,24-pentaone (desferrioxamine, DFO) were labeled with $^{68}Ga$ and tested in vitro properties to check the feasibility of using DFO as a bifunctional chelating agent or renal imaging agent. The chelating agents of concentration $2{\mu}M$ were labeled with $^{68}Ga$ in 0.1 M HCl at pH 1.7-10.3 at room temperature and $80^{\circ}C$ and the optimal pH for labeling each chelating agent was found. And then, the chelating agents were labeled with $^{68}Ga$ in various concentration of chelating agents at optimal pH. The labeled chelating agents were subject to stability test in human serum and to binding studies to human red blood cell (RBC) and plasma protein. The optimal pH's of NOTA, DOTA and DFO for $^{68}Ga$-labeling were 4.4, 3.6 and 5.6, respectively. DFO ($10{\mu}M$) showed high labeling efficiency (>97%) at pH 5.6. All the labeled chelating agents showed high stability in human serum. $^{68}Ga$-DFO showed low RBC binding but significant amount was bound to plasma protein. The results demonstrated that $^{68}Ga$-DFO can be used as a bifunctional chelating agent but not as a renal imaging agent.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2024

본 논문에서는 딥러닝 기반의 주의환기 보상전략 시스템이 발달장애인의 데이터 라벨링 작업 생산성에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 중재가 적용된 후 연구대상자 모두 자율작업 대비 작업 생산성에서 유의미한 향상이 관찰되었다. 특히 인공지능 기반의 중재가 적용되었을 때, 직무지도원 중재에 비해 상당한 향상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 인공지능 기술이 발달장애인의 데이터 라벨링 작업 생산성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 발달장애인의 데이터 라벨링 작업에 인공지능 기술을 접목한 최초의 연구이며, 발달장애인의 직업훈련과 작업 생산성 증진을 위한 딥러닝 기술의 적용 가능성을 탐색하는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공하리라 본다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2000

목적: Re-188-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP)는 뼈전이암 통증 치료용으로 사용할 수 있는 방사성의약품이다. 우리는 HEDP 키트를 사용하여 담체($KReO_4$가 Re-188-HEDP의 표지와 생체내 분포에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: 담체($KReO_4$ 0.1 mg)를 넣은 것과 넣지 않은 HEDP 키트(HEDP 15 mg, gentisic acid 4 mg, $SnCl_2.2H_2O$ 4.5 mg)에 발생기에서 용출한 Re-188 액을 넣고 끓는 수조에서 15분간 반응시켜 표지한 후 Re-188-HEDP의 표지효율과 안정성을 비교하였다. 마우스($1.85{\sim}3.7MBq/0.1ml$)와 랫트 ($74.1{\sim}85.2MBq/0.5ml$)에 Re-188-HEDP를 투여하여 생체내분포와 영상을 얻었다. 결과: 담체를 넣어 표지한 Re-188-HEDP의 표지효율은 pH 5에서 95%로 높았으며, 혈청 내에서의 안정성도 높았다(3시간에 88%). 반면에 담체를 넣지 않고 표지한 Re-188-HEDP의 표지효율은 pH 5에서 59%였으며, 안정성도 낮았다(3시간에 43%). 생체내분포 실험 결과 담체를 넣어 표지한 Re-188-HEDP는 뼈에 높은 섭취율을 보이고 위와 신장의 섭취율이 낮은 반면, 담체를 넣지 않고 표지한 Re-188-HEDP는 뼈의 섭취율이 낮고 위와 신장의 섭취율은 높게 나타났다. 랫트의 영상은 담체를 넣어 표지한 Re-188-HEDP는 담체를 넣지 않고 표지한 Re-188-HEDP보다 골격에 높은 섭취율을 보이며 다른 장기에는 섭취가 적게 나타났다. 결론: 우리는 이러한 실험결과 HEDP에 Re-188을 표지할 때 담체의 부가가 표지효율과 안정성의 향상 및 영상의 질을 향상시킴을 알 수 있었다.