• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the design flood by the determination of best fitting order for LH-moments of the annual maximum series at fifteen watersheds. Using the LH-moment ratios and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the optimal regional probability distribution was identified to be the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) in the first report of this project. Parameters of GEV distribution and flood flows of return period n years were derived by the methods of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments. Frequency analysis of flood flow data generated by Monte Carlo simulation was performed by the methods of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments using GEV distribution. Relative Root Mean Square Error. (RRMSE), Relative Bias (RBIAS) and Relative Efficiency (RE.) using methods of L, Ll , L2, L3 and L4-moments for GEV distribution were computed and compared with those resulting from Monte Carlo simulation. At almost all of the watersheds, the more the order of LH-moments and the return periods increased, the more RE became, while the less RRMSE and RBIAS became. The Absolute Relative Reduction (ARR) for the design flood was computed. The more the order of LH-moments increased, the less ARR of all applied watershed became It was confirmed that confidence efficiency of estimated design flood was increased as the order of LH-moments increased. Consequently, design floods for the appled watersheds were derived by the methods of L3 and L4-moments among LH-moments in view of high confidence efficiency.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.616-622
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• 2006

This study was intended to analyze the contents of polyphenol compounds and vitamin C, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase to measure physiological efface of various extract of Lespedeza bicolor. The vitamin C content was $26.42{\pm}0.08mg/100g$. The content of phenolic compounds included in the flesh L bicolor was $1.14{\pm}0.02mg/g$. The ethanol extract by reflux method and water extracts by the microwave-assisted method showed the highest content as 154.95 mg/g and 145.17 mg/g, respectively. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory tate of water extracts was the highest value of 87.85% at the concentration of 1,000 ug/mL. All kinds of extracts showed the highest inhibitory activity for the xanthine oxidase at the concentration of 1,000 ug/mL and a decreasing pattern of the inhibitory race over the concentration of 1,000 ug/mL. The tyrosinase inhibitory rate was increased with an increment of the extract concentrations, and the activity of ethanol extracts was the highest as 55.22% at the concentration of 3,000 ug/mL.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 1992

A mixed convection heat transfer from two vertical parallel plates has been studied numerically by the finite difference method. Effects of the Grashof number, the relative length, $L_2/L_1$. the dimensionless temperature ratio, ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ and the dimensionless plate spacing, $b/L_1$ are examined for the heat transfer. Independent of the Grashof numbers and $L_2/L_1$, the dimensionless vertical velocity distributions skewed on the left plate as ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ decreased. The dimensionless vertical velocity distribution for $Gr/Re^2=1$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1=1.0$ is skewed to the right plate $L_2/L_1=0.5$, symmetric at $L_2/L_1=1.0$ and skewed to the left plate at $L_2/L_1=1.5$. But for $Gr/Re_2=10.0$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1=1.0$ reversed velocity patterns are obtained. Regardless of the Grashof numbers and $L_2/L_1$, the mean Nusselt nembers on the inside surface of the left plate decreases and those of the right inside surface increases as ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ increases. Temperature, velocity and mean Nusselt number distributions are apparently not affected by $L_2/L_1$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.569-574
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the biological activities of roasted (RE) and non-roasted (NRE) hot water extract samples from Euonymus alatus leaf by measuring DPPH radical scavenging, total polyphenol content, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ in vitro. The $IC_{50}$ values fur DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the NRE and RE hot water extracts were $19.1{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and their total polyphenol contents were estimated as 9.6 mg/g for NRE and 10.6 mg/g for RE. Both NRE and RE scavenged the hydroxyl radical in a concentration-dependent manner, but their activities were lower than that of BHA. It was also shown that SOD-like activity was dependent on NRE and RE concentration, and the SOD-like activity of NRE was slightly higher than that of RE. The highest SOD-like activity obtained from NRE was 20% at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Neither NRE nor RE seemed to have an effect on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition. Finally, the hot water extracts of NRE and RE significantly decreased the concentration of LPS-induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

This paper discussed the dispersion effect according to the geometrical variation of an internal-loop spparatus by the method of pulse injection of a tracer. The Bodenstein number, which is the dimensionless group characterizing the effect of dispersion, was decreased with increasing the superficial gas velocity in the 50L and the 500L apparatus. But, in the 5L apparatus, the Bodenstein number was increased with increasing the superficial gas velocity in the range of 0 to 2cm/sec but above that range the rate of increase was dropped down to give a constant value because of the phenomenon of gas disengagement. The principle of similarity based on dimensional analysis was applied to design a pilot scale internal-loop apparatus. The effect of dispersion was examined in three different internal-loop apparatus to give the following correlation with major geometric and fluid dynamic properties as variables. B0=4.4014ReG0.117 ReL-0.0065(Hr/Dr)0.76(Dd/Dr)-0.76

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of a novel formulation of low-dose calcium and vitamin $D_3$ blended with Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (RE+), in postmenopausal women. The controls were given either a placebo or high dose calcium and vitamin $D_3$ (Ca + D). Bone mineral density (BMD) in the L2-3 lumber spines and femur regions was assessed, and serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were used as markers of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Furthermore, all variables were measured before and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. The osteocalcin level was higher in the RE+ group, and BALP was almost the same in all groups. Serum NTx was significantly decreased in the RE+ group after 12 months (p<0.05). The NTx in the Ca + D and placebo groups showed no significant change. The decrease of femur BMD was further demonstrated in the placebo group, but significantly increased in the RE+ group after 6 and 12 months of treatment (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the percent changes of femur BMD between the placebo and RE+ groups (p<0.01) and Ca+D and RE+ groups (p<0.05). The decrease of spine BMD in the placebo group was inhibited both in the Ca + D and RE+ groups, however, there was significant difference only between the placebo and RE+ groups (p<0.05). These findings suggest that continuous oral therapy of the RE+ formulation reduces rapidly decreasing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women more effectively than high doses of calcium and vitamin $D_3$ alone by inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Therefore, it seems that the RE+ has its own antiosteoporotic effects. We suggest larger clinical studies to determine the most efficacious dosage and benefits of this novel treatment.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 1990

The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of heat exchanger using heat pipe under various working conditions by a finite element analysis and experiment. The results are as follows. 1) In this study, h = $Max^B$ is used for the convective heat transfer coefficient and A = 2.761 and B = 0.701 $Mmax^{(-0.0626)}$ were obtained as the results of experiment. 2) For several different working conditions, (Q/Qb) is predicted by varying the values of L/Lt and Re/Rc. The maximum value of (Q/Qb) is achieved when Re/Rc = 1 and Le/Lc = 0.5. 3) The comparison between calculated value and experimental data showed agreement within 5% error. Therefore the method may be used to predict the performance of heat exchanger using heat pipe for similar geometric conditions. 4) For Re/Re/Rc of 0.2-0.3, the minimum thermal resistance exists when Le/Lt is 0.4-0.65.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

Due to various numerical problems, crack analysis of reinforced concrete members using the finite element method is confronting with substantial difficulties, rendering the prediction of crack patterns and crack widths a formidable task. The root cause is that the conventional analysis methods are not capable of tracking the crack sequence and accounting for the stress relief and re-distribution during cracking. To address this deficiency, the crack queuing algorithm has been proposed. Basically, at each load increment, iterations are carried out and within each iteration step, only the most critical concrete element is allowed to crack and the stress re-distribution is captured in subsequent iteration by re-formulating the cracked concrete element and re-analysing the whole concrete structure. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the crack queuing algorithm, crack analysis of concrete members tested in the literature is performed with and without the crack queuing algorithm incorporated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2003

Radiation synovectomy is one of the most useful methods for treating patients with refractory synovitis because of its convenience, long-term effects, repeatability and the avoidance of surgery. In this study, we investigated the toxicity, stability and biodistribution of a rhenium-188 ($^{188}$Re)-tin colloid to evaluate its suitability as a synovectomy agent. Twenty four hours after injecting the $^{188}$Re-tin colloids (74 KBq/0.1 mL) into the tail vein of ICR mice, most of the $^{188}$Retin colloidal particles was found in the lungs. In addition, there were no particle size changes at either room temperature or at $37^{\circ}C$ after injecting the $^{188}$Re-tin colloids in human plasma and synovial fluid. In vitro stability tests showed that the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid remained in a colloidal form without a critical size variation over a 2-day period. We investigated the leakage of $^{188}$Retin colloids from the intraarticular injection site with gamma counting in New Zealand white rabbits. The $^{188}$Re-tin colloids (55.5 MBq/0.15 mL) were injected at the cavum articular and the mean retention percentage of the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid was 98.7% for 1 day at the injection site, which suggests that there was neither change in the particle size nor leakage at the injection sites. In the biodistribution study with the SD rats, the liver showed the highest radioactivity (0.0427% ID/organ) except for the injected knees (99.49%). In the SD rats, mild toxicities including the skin or a synovium inflammation were observed as a result of a radioactivity of 15 mCi/kg at the intraarticular injection site. However, there was no systemic toxicity. In the Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced arthritic rabbits, the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid improved the macroscopic, the histological score and reduced the knee joint diameter when compared to the arthritic control. In conclusion, a $^{188}$Re-tin-colloid is considered as a strong candidate for radiation synovectomy with a superior efficacy and safety.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.48
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• pp.333-368
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• 2012

Dans l'histoire du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ $cor{\acute{e}}en$, la position de Chae yoon-il est $tr{\grave{e}}s$ $particuli{\grave{e}}re$. Il a $consacr{\acute{e}}$, dans ses $carri{\grave{e}}res$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$, toute son ${\acute{e}}nergie$ au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ sans jamais $fl{\acute{e}}chir$ contre le pouvoir dictatorial. Un critique a dit que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est semblable au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de la $cruaut{\acute{e}}$. Pourtant, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ il respecte le texte dramatique, et que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ a des tendances de la politique et qu'il oriente l'engagement du spectateur, il est certain que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est loin du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de la $cruaut{\acute{e}}$. Ses $proc{\acute{e}}d{\acute{e}}s$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ sont $tr{\grave{e}}s$ divers et il n'y a pas de $coh{\acute{e}}rences$ au niveau des styles dramatiques. $Malgr{\acute{e}}$ cela, nous pouvons trouver son $originalit{\acute{e}}$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ dans la rencontre avec Lee hyun-wha. Le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ ${\acute{e}}tablit$ son $esth{\acute{e}}tique$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trale$ en montant sur $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ de cinq $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de Lee hyun-wha. Alors, en effet qu'est-ce que $l^{\prime}esth{\acute{e}}tique$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ de Chae yoon-il produite par les ${\oe}uvres$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trales$ de Lee hyun-wha? Dans les $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de Lee hyun-wha, il y a beaucoup de codes symboliques de la violence sexuelle comme le sadisme et le masochisme. L'implusion sexuelle $cach{\acute{e}}e$ dans le subconscient des personnages s'entrecroise avec le $m{\acute{e}}canisme$ du pouvoir politique. Alors, les abus sexuels et les mauvais traitements sur le corps deviennent une sorte de torture. L'expression cruelle des langages $sc{\acute{e}}niques$ n'est autre que la $r{\acute{e}}volte$ contre la $r{\acute{e}}alit{\acute{e}}$ actuelle de la politique. Son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture est donc une sorte de $m{\acute{e}}canisme$ de la catharsis pour dissiper le cauchemar et l'inconscient noir. La fantasie sexuelle construite par le monde inconscient de l'auteur dramatique $s^{\prime}{\acute{e}}panouit$ dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de Chae yoon-il qui $r{\hat{e}}ve$ toujours l'esprit de la $libert{\acute{e}}$. Une des convictions dramatiques du metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$, c'est que le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ tout d'abord doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ choquant. Il dit : "l'art doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ ${\grave{a}}$ la fois ${\acute{e}}mouvant$ et bouleversant. Cependant, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ le film ou la $t{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}vivion$ fait aujourd'hui une vive impression aux spectateurs, la part $donn{\acute{e}}e$ au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est le choc." Pour donner le choc aux spectateurs, le style de la torture est $tr{\grave{e}}s$ utile. $L^{\prime}esth{\acute{e}}tique$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tral$ du metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ respecte essentiellement l'intention de l'auteur. $N{\acute{e}}anmois$, le respect sur l'original ne se $d{\acute{e}}range$ pas $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de son propre $id{\acute{e}}e$. Dans l'insistance de la torture, l'analyse rituelle sous la base du choc, il projecte le symbole $arch{\acute{e}}typal$ sur $sc{\grave{e}}ne$. Bien $s{\hat{u}}r$, il renforce le $caract{\grave{e}}re$ de la politique dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture pour inviter des spectateurs de l'engagement. D'ailleurs, il y a l'aspect d'absurde dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture qui insiste des violences ${\grave{a}}$ travers les langages $sc{\acute{e}}niques$ comme le $m{\acute{e}}tal$ froid, parce que le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ $consid{\grave{e}}re$ que $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ humain vit dans l'absurde.