• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

Scopolamine and hyoscyamine are important anticholinergic compounds obtained from Hyoscyamus niger. Adventitious roots induced from rhizome of H. niger and roots were cultured in SH medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.5 mg/L IBA. Roots were grown rapidly after 10 days of cultures. Scopolamine production was increased 7 times and hyoscyamine production was increased 12 times after 10 day of cultures. SH medium was best in root growth. But, highest scopolamine productivity was observed in WPM medium, followed White medium and best hyoscyamine productivity was resulted in MS medium. Sucrose was increased scopolamine and hyoscyamine production were increased the medium supplemented by sucrose comparing to than those by other carbon sources.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1999

We have investigated the effect of culture conditions on tropane alkaloids (scopolamine, hyoscyamine) production in hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $A_4$T. SH medium was the best for tropane alkaloids production from the hairy root clones, HN18 and HN57. The optimum culture peroid was 5 weeks for HN18 clone and 6 weeks for HN57 clone, respectively. The optimum sucrose and dextrose concentrations in tropane alkaloids productivity were 3% and 2%, respectively. The growth of both HN18 and HN57 clones increased with as sucrose concentration increase up to 7% sucrose, but tropane alkaloid contents was significantly decreased. In the HN18 clone, the optimum concentration of sucrose for alkaloids productivity was 5% and those of dextrose was 2%. The productivity of tropane alkaloids for HN57 clone under dextrose treatments was quite a low level compared to sucrose treatments.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 1999

Scopolia rhizome is mistaken as an atractylodes rhizome because of their similarities in shape. That is why atractylodes rhizome imported from China sometimes contain scopolia rhizome, which is very toxic. 8 persons were intoxicated atractylodes after taking imported atractylodes rhizome which is tainted. In kampo medicine prepared with such imported atractylodes rhizome, the level of tropane alkaloids ranged from 1.12∼4.34 mg/dose. In this study, we tried to investigate the tissue distribution of scopolia rhizome in rats. The extracts of scopolia was administered orally to rats (a single dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 7 days repeated dose of 10mg/kg). Their blood was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hrs, and liver, kidney, lung and spleen were collected after 6 hrs. The tissue homogenate was applied to solid phase extraction column for the determination of tropane alkaloids. After the oral administration of 20mg/kg scopolia extracts, l-hyoscyamine was detected in rat blood to 2 hrs after dosing. The concentration of tropane alkaloids was the highest in liver followed by lung, kidney and spleen. However, lung, kidney and spleen were similar in amount.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to test the effects of Daturae Flos(DF) and Daturae Semen(DS) on the cellular and humoral immune responses, and the functions of the cells involved in immunoinflammation. Both extracts decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the decrease was greater in the mouse group which was treated with DS. Both extracts decreased the phagocytic activity as measured by assessing the number of the latex particle within the phagocyte after incubation of peritoneal macrophages with fluorochrome-labelled latex particle and decreased natural killer cell activity as measured by enumerating the viable YAC-1 cells after treatment of target cells with splenic natural killer cells. Both extracts also decreased the cell-mediated immunity in vivo as assessed by measuring the ear thickness after sensitization and challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene, however, had no effects on the humoral immune responses as measured by checking hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers after immunization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Extracts of Semen caused decrease in the number of rosette forming cells between the splenic cells and SRBC. The results of this study suggested that both Daturae extracts could depress the immunoinflammation by affecting the various cell types involved in inflammation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

Hyoscyamus species is sources of the hypnotic and sedative drugs hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Single cells of Hyoscyamus niger were dissociated from suspension cultures and adventitious roots obtained from single-cell clones which were cultured on B5 medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.4% (w/v) gelrite. H. niger adventitious root lines showed wide variation in tropane alkaloids production and growth. An effective selection of 200 root lines was made possible by the application of the 'Dragendorff's reagent' for qualitative detection of the alkaloids from root. A high correlation coefficient (r=0.9390) was observed between the values obtained with the two methods based on HPLC and Dragendorff's reagent analysis. Among the selected roots, the highest scopolamine content was 16.64 mg/g DW (Hn-59), which was 8.82-fold more productive than the lowest alkaloid producing line (Hn-25). Here, we established an efficient selection method on tropane alkaloids production and suggest that the Dragendorff's reagent is of great practical value in selection of invisible compounds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 2002

The optimum culture conditions for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Korea native Scopolia paviflora Nak. were investigated. Hairy root was induced from the rhizome of the mother plant on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Among the culture media examined, 1/2 B5 medium was the best for tropane alkaloid production, whereas the growth of hairy root increased in SH medium. The best result on the growth of hairy root was obtained in 1.0 mg/L NAA, and tropane alkaloid production was obtained in plant growth regulator-free medium. Of the carbone sources tested, 3% sucrose promoted the growth of hairy root, whereas 5% sucrose increased tropane alkaloid production. Optimum inoculum densities for root growth and tropane alkaloid production were 0.5 g and 1 g, respectively. The addition of XAD resins (1 % w/v) to hairy root cultures led to increases in tropans alkaloid production, and the release of alkaloid into the medium and its adsorption by the resin accounted for about 50 to 80％ of total production. It is concluded that optimized culture conditions and the addition of XAD resins could be used in the development of a bioprocess for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of S. paviflora Nak.