• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 1999

Drought is a serious diaster in agriculutre, especially to upland crops. Hence, the Agricultural Drought Analysis Model (ADAM) that is integratable with GIS was applied to analyae agriculture drought in upland. ADAM is composed of two sub-models , one is a Soil Water Balance Model (SWBM) and the other is a Drougth Analysis Model (DAM) that is based on the Runs theory. The ADAM needs weather data, rainfall data and soil physical characteristics data as input and calculates daily soil moisture contents. GIS was integrated to the ADAM for the calculation of regional soil moisture using digitized landuse map, detaile dsoil map, thiessen network and district boundary . For the agriculutral drought analysis, the ADAM adapt the Runs theory for analyzing drought duration, severity and magnitude . Log-Pearson Type-III probability distribution function and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to test the fitness of good of the model. The integration of ADAM with GIS was successfully implemented and would be operated effectively for the regional drought analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2004

This research seeks to derive the design rainfalls through the L-moment with the test of homogeneity, independence and outlier of data on annual maximum daily rainfall at 38 rainfall stations in Korea. To select the appropriate distribution of annual maximum daily rainfall data by the rainfall stations, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO), Generalized Pareto (GPA), Generalized Normal (GNO) and Pearson Type 3 (PT3) probability distributions were applied and their aptness were judged using an L-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Parameters of appropriate distributions were estimated from the observed and simulated annual maximum daily rainfall using Monte Carlo techniques. Design rainfalls were finally derived by GEV distribution, which was proved to be more appropriate than the other distributions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.548-550
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• 2004

This paper suggests a methodology for calculation of photovoltaic(PV) generation system output using probability distribution function, PV way efficiency and PV system design Parameters. Long term irradiance recorded for every hour of the day for 11 years were used. For goodness-fit test, several distribution functions are tested by Kolmogorov- Smirnov(K-S) test. And the calculated generation output is compared with that of CMS(Centered Monitoring System), which can monitoring PV generation output of each PV generation site.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.737-745
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a community based participatory obesity control program and measure the effects of the program on obesity, exercise habit, eating habit and life habits among obese elementary school children. The community based participatory obesity control program was provided for the experimental group of $4^{th}$ grade elementary school students for 10 weeks. The program included obesity related health educations and counseling once a week, jump rope classes twice a week and folk game classes held once a week. Method: There were 24 students with obesity in the experimental and 27 in the control groups. The collected data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ${\chi}^2$-test, independent t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: After 10weeks of participation in the program, the experimental group showed significantly lower Body Mass Index (p<.001) and waist hip ratio (p=.036), significantly higher exercise habit (p=.004), eating habit (p=.003) and life habit (p=.001) than those in the control group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that community based participatory obesity management program is effective nursing intervention for managing child obesity.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the response time of three mobile portal sites in Korea using distributions. The research subjects are the mobile portal site of Naver, Daum, and Nate. The experiment period is six years from April 18, 2012 when mobile portals started to activate, to April 17, 2018. The number of experiments is 4,060. Histograms and percentages were used for the distribution comparisons. For the theoretical comparison, Chi-Square test is adopted as a parametric method, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is as a nonparametric method. Naver was the fastest of all four methods, the next was Nate, the next was the slowest. The same result was obtained in terms of average response speed. These results are in contradiction to the results of the wired portal. Naver is a strategy to increase the response speed in accordance with the characteristics of media. Daum is a strategy to increase the contents at the cost of response speed. As for classification, we divide the response time into "Comfortable", "Tolerable", "Feedback", "Leave" according to response time. The ratio of more than 7 seconds that users leave called as "Leave" is 1.18% for Naver, 11.70% for Daum, and 1.5% for Nate. As Daum is overwhelmingly high, the response time is very much in need of improvement. In addition, we show the response time of three mobile portals needs to be reduced We hope that the results of this paper will facilitate technology competition to increase the response speed of mobile portals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2013

The object of study is to verify the distributions of response packets of 3 portal sites such as Naver, Daum, Nate. The period of experiments is from May 19th 2010 to November 7th 2012 and the number of experiments is 4,642. The distributions of Naver, Nate are biomodals. The distribution of Daum has long right tails. 3 distributions are different under 1% significance level using chi-square test and two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. From proportions and percentiles, Naver has a distribution with the largest values. Nate is the second place, and Daum has a distribution with the smallest values. We must make portal pages light to increase response speed including other technologies. We expect our results to activate competition among portal sites.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.696-703
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• 2008

Purpose: To Perform a randomized comparative study investigating the effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise(PME) and Magnetic Stimulation Therapy(MST) and to identified the problems in each of PME & MST Method: Forty-nine patients with mild stress incontinence were randomly assigned to either of two treatment groups (24 patients in the PME group and 25 in the MST group). The PME group had a video exercising program for 40 times every day during 6 weeks. The MST group was treated with BioCon-2000TM, 2times/ week for six weeks. Pre-test and post-test were performed by Prineometer, 1-hour pad test. and Jackson's BFLUTS questionnaire of Jackson. Collected data were analysed using SAS 9.1 by frequency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z. Chi Square-test, t-test, Fisher Exact probability test, Paired t-test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results: In comparison between before and after PME and MST, statistically significant difference was observed in maximal vaginal pressure, duration of vaginal contraction, amount of urine, and symptom of urination. In the comparison of the effectiveness between PME & MST, only the maximal of vaginal pressure (Z=2.58, p= .010) was significantly different. Conclusion: The factor more effective in the MST group than in the PME group was high compliance.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2017

Statistics are often used to test two samples if they have been drawn from the same underlying distribution. In this paper, we introduce several well-known distribution-free tests to compare distributions and conduct an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation to specify their behaviors. We consider various circumstances of when two distributions vary in (1) location, (2) scale, (3) symmetry, (4) kurtosis, (5) tail weight. A practical guideline for two-sample goodness-of-fit test is presented based on the simulation result.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.5 s.83
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• pp.581-589
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• 2004

This paper compares the fatigue behaviors of concretes subjected to flexural and split-tensional loadings, and proposes the fatigue reliability models based on experimental results and reliability analysis. The fatigue tests were performed for the specimens of $150 mm{\times}75 mm$ split tensional cylinders and $150 mm{\times}150 mm{\times}550 mm$ flexural beams under constant loadings at three levels (70, 80 and $90\%$) with 0.1 stress ratio, 20 Hz loading speed and sine wave. The reliability analysis on fatigue data was based on Weibull distribution of two-parameters. From fatigue test results, two criteria were proposed to reject the experimental fatigue data because of statistical variation of concrete fatigue data. Two parameters ($\alpha$and u) of Weibull distribution were obtained using graphical method, moment method and maximum likelihood method. The probability density function(P.D.F) and cumulative distribution function(C.D.F) of the Weibull distribution for fatigue life of pavement concrete were derived for various stress levels using parameters, $\alpha$ and u. The goodness-of-fit test by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was acceptable at $5\%$ level of significance. Based on reliability analysis, a fatigue model for pavement concrete was proposed and compared from existing models.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2022

In this study, the reverberation of a bistatic sonar operated in southeastern coast in the East Sea in July 2020 was analyzed. The reverberation sensor data were collected through an LFM sound source towed by a research vessel and a horizontal line array receiver 1 km to 5 km away from it. The reverberation sensor data was analyzed by various methods including geo-plot after signal processing. Through this, it was confirmed that the angle reflected from the sound source through the scatterer to the receiver has a dominant influence on the distribution of the reverberation sound, and the probability distribution characteristics of bistatic sonar reverberation varies for each beam. In addition, parametric factors of K distribution and Rayleigh distribution were estimated from the sample through moment method estimation. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at the confidence level of 0.05, the distribution probability of the data was analyzed. As a result, it could be observed that the reverberation follows a Rayleigh probability distribution, and it could be estimated that this was the effect of a low reverberation to noise ratio.