• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1992

Residue of Propineb in Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) seed was determined to establish an index for the safety use of Propineb to Sesame. Evaluation was made on residual concentration of Propineb in Sesame seed as a function of application frequency and date when the mixed formulations of Propineb(56%), protectant fungicide, and Oxadixyl(8%), contact fungicide, were sprayed into Sesame leaves. Level of Propineb treatment was $0.028g/m^2$ with various combinations of application time from three to sixty days before harvest. Results are summarized as followings. 1. Recovery percentages of Propineb from Sesame seed were ranged from 84 to 96, and the minimum detectable limit of Propineb with the method employed in this experiment was 0.03mg/kg. 2. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seed were in the ranges of 0.14 to 1.38mg/kg, varying with frequency and date of Propineb application. 3. Residues of Propineb increased as increasing application frequency of Propineb or as being application date closer to harvest time. 4. Residue of Propineb in Sesame seed was decreased with time, showing to be fitted to the first-order kinetics. 5. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seen were, irresepective of treatments, lower than 2mg/kg, the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL) established by FAO/WHO. 6. Half-life of Propineb determined in this experiment was ranged from 12 to 16 days.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2010

Toxoplasma gondii KI-1, a recent new isolate from Korea, shows similar pathogenicity and infectivity to mice compared to the virulent RH strain. To understand characteristics of host immunity, including immune enhancement or suppression, we investigated proliferative responses and phenotypes of spleen cells. In addition, kinetics of IFN-${\gamma}$, a Th1 cytokine, was examined in BALB/c mice up to day 6 post-infection (PI). Intraperitoneal injection of mice with $10^3$ KI-1 tachyzoites induced significant decreases (P < 0.05) in proliferative responses of spleen cells. This occurred at days 2-6 PI even when concanavalin A (con A) was added and when stimulated with KI-1 antigen, suggesting suppression of the immunity. $CD4^+$ T-cells decreased markedly at day 2 PI (P < 0.05), whereas $CD8^+$ T-cells, NK cells, and macrophages did not show significant changes, except a slight, but significant, increase of $CD8^+$ T-cells at day 6 PI. The capacity of splenocytes to produce IFN-${\gamma}$ by con A stimulation dropped significantly at days 2-6 PI. These results demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of KI-1 tachyzoites can induce immunosuppression during the early stage of infection, as revealed by the decrease of $CD4^+$ T-cells and IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

BER at different packing ratios of bio-ring media(BRM) was tested to investigate the effect of varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) and current density on the nitrate removal and current efficiency. In the preliminary batch mode experiment of BERs, current density was applied at 2.0 A/$m^2$, 4.0 A/$m^2$, 4.8 A/$m^2$, which correspond to the designation of reactor #1, #2, #3, respectively. The reactor #2 showed a highest nitrate removal rate of 162.0 mg $NO_3{^-}$-N/L/d, and the kinetics of nitrate removal rate was defined as the Zero order reaction. In the primary experiment of BERs, four BERs packed with BRM were operated in varying HRT and current, and the packing ratios of reactor #1, #2, #3 and #4 were 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%. respectively. This results of the experiments indicated that the nitrate removal rate and current efficiency were increased significantly cause of growing of autotrophic denitrification microorganisms on the surface of cathode and media by increasing of the current density and decreasing of HRT. However, The decreasing of nitrate removal rate and current efficiencies were observed in the condition of HRT of 5.25 hr and 4.8 A/$m^2$ of current density. With more increasing current density and decreasing of HRT, the hydrogen inhibition occurred at the surface of cathode. Moreover, nitrate removal rate by autotrophic denitrification microorganisms attached on the media surface was observed to be limited by no longer increasing dissolved hydrogen concentration of each reactor. In conclusion, the highest nitrate nitrogen removal and current efficiency could be achieved when the BER was operated at the conditions of 7 hr HRT, current density of 4.0 A/$m^2$, and 16% packing ratio. And it was found that the amount of nitrate removal by microorganisms attached on the surface of cathode and media (BRM) was 178.2 mg/L and 52.2 mg/L respectively. and the amount of nitrate removal per MLVSS was 0.435 g $NO_3{^-}$-N/g $MLVSS{\cdot}d$ and 0.336 $NO_3{^-}$-N/g $MLVSS{\cdot}d$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1426-1431
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• 1998

The research was undertaken to characterize enzymatic properties of Streptomyces albus amylase expressed in recombinant Bacillus subtilis. Molecular weight and pI of the purified enzyme were estimated to be 50 kD by SDS-PAGE and 4.3 by isoelectric focusing. The optimum temperature and optimum pH were $45^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. D-and Z-value were estimated to measure thermostability of the purified enzyme. The Z-value was estimated $17.7^{\circ}C$, which is lower than typical amylase. Maltotetraose was produced as a major component from soluble starch in the early state of reaction but gradually degraded to maltose. Thin layer chromatography was also performed to analyze the reaction products. The parameters involved in Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics were found to be the maximum velocity of 0.37 mM/min and the Michaelis constant of 0.13%, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.152-160
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) and heparin to titanium surfaces for enhancement of osteoblastic functions and inhibition of inflammation activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The anodized titanium discs, not coated with any material, were used as a control group. In heparinized-Ti group, dopamine was anchored to the surface of Ti substrates, and coated with heparin. In PDGF-Ti group, rhPDGF-BB was immobilized onto heparinized Ti surface. The surface morphologies were investigated by the scanning electron microscope in each group. The release kinetics of rhPDGF-BB were analyzed, and cytotoxicity tests for each group were conducted. The biocompatibilities were characterized by measuring cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition using MG-63 cells. Statistical comparisons were carried out by one-way ANOVA tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at $^*$P<.05 and $^{**}$P<.001. RESULTS. The combination of rhPDGF-BB and heparin stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN mRNA expression in osteoblastic cells ($^*$P<.05 and $^{**}$P<.001). MG-63 cells grown on PDGF-Ti had significantly higher amounts of calcium deposition than those grown on anodized Ti ($^{**}$ P<.001). Heparinized Ti was more anti-inflammatory compared to anodized Ti, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide using the transcript levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 of proinflammatory cytokine ($^*$P<.05 and $^{**}$P<.001). CONCLUSION. The result of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of rhPDGF-BB and heparin onto Ti surface enhanced osteoblastic functions and inhibited inflammation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study was performed to investigate the ability of recombinant human-bone morphogenic protein-2 immobilized on a heparin-grafted bone substrate to enhance the osteoblastic functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, not coated with any material, was used as a control group. In rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group, rhBMP-2 was coated with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ using only deep and dry methods (50 ng/mL, 24 h). In heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group, dopamine was anchored to the surface of Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, and coated with heparin. rhBMP-2 was immobilized onto the heparinized- Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ surface. The release kinetics of the rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological activities of the MG63 cells on the three groups were investigated via cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, and calcium deposition determination. Statistical comparisons were carried out by one-way ANOVA test. Differences were considered statistically significant at $^*$P<.05 and $^{**}$P<.001. RESULTS. The heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ showed more sustained release compared to the rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ over an extended time. In the measurement of the ALP activity, the heparinized group showed a significantly higher ALP activity when compared with the non-heparinized groups (P<.05). The MG63 cells cultivated in the group with rhBMP-2 showed increased calcium deposition, and the MG63 cells from the heparinized group increased more than those that were cultivated in the non-heparinized groups. CONCLUSION. Heparin increased the rhBMP-2 release amount and made sustained release possible, and heparinized Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ with rhBMP-2 successfully improved the osteoblastic functions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.536-542
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• 2007

The responses of whole body protein and glucose kinetics and of nitrogen (N) metabolism to non-protein energy intake (NPEI) were determined using an isotope dilution approach and measurement of N balance in three adult male goats. The diets containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ME maintenance requirement, with fixed intake of CP (1.5 times maintenance) and percentage of hay (33%), were fed twice daily for each 21 d experimental period. After an adaptation period of 11 d, N balance was determined over 3 d. On day 17, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ILR) were determined during the absorptive state by a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine, [$^2H_4$]tyrosine and [$^{13}C_6$]glucose, with simultaneous measurements of plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin. Ruminal characteristics were also measured at 6 h after feeding over 3 d. Nitrogen retention tended to increase (p<0.10) with increasing NPEI, although digestible N decreased linearly (p<0.05). Increasing NPEI decreased (p<0.01) ammonia N concentration, but increased acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.05) concentrations in the rumen. Despite decreased plasma urea N concentration (p<0.01), increased plasma tyrosine concentration (p<0.05), and trends toward increased plasma total amino N (p<0.10) and phenylalanine concentrations (p<0.10) were found in response to increasing NPEI. Increasing NPEI increased ILR of both glucose (p<0.01) and phenylalanine (p<0.05), but did not affect ($p{\geq}0.10$) that of tyrosine. Whole body protein synthesis increased (p<0.05) in response to increasing NPEI, resulting from increased utilization rate for protein synthesis (p<0.05) and unchanged hydroxylation rate of phenylalanine ($p{\geq}0.10$). These results suggest that increasing NPEI may enhance WBPS and glucose turnover at the absorptive state and improve the efficiency of digestible N retention in goats, with possibly decreased ammonia and increased amino acid absorption. In addition, simultaneous increases in WBPS and glucose ILR suggest stimulatory effect of glucose availability on WBPS, especially when sufficient amino acid is supplied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 1990

In this paper, the experimental study was carried out for the removal of olive oil in wastewater by the use of Biological Fluidized Bed(BFB) with the reticulated polypropylene sheets as media. The nonbiodegradable olive oil, one of the animal and vegitable oil, was used bacause of the relative simplicity of constitution. Biological degraciability and removal characteristics of emulsified olive oil were studied by batch and continuous experiments respectively. From the results of batch experiments, it was observed that the emulsified olive oli used in BFB reactor was absorbed by media and sludge in about 12 hours, and degradation of the absorbed olive oli was mostly completed for 24 hours. The functional relationship of Michaelis-Menten's Enzyme reaction equation exists between oil concentration and maximum specific rate of olive oil. From the continuous experiments for the removal of olive oil using BFB reactor, it was proved that the substrate removal rate coefficient $k=0.004d^{-1}$, which is the first order kinetics. It was apperared that oxygen utlization coefficients for synthesis(a') and endogeneous respiration(b') of microorganisms in the reactor are respectively 0.85mg $O_2/mg$ $COD_{cr}$ and 0.011mg $O_2/mg$ BVS. day.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1986

This paper is a basic study of the experimental results for the treatment of ammonia-nitrogen in the septic tank effluent. The substrates in this experiment are actual septic tank effluent and synthetic waste-water which is similar to septic tank effluent containing a considerable amount of nitrogenous component. Experiments were conducted for organic removal and nitrification using various recycle ratio and hydraulic retention time at each stage. The results obtained show that organic removal rate was above 80% in the 1st and 2nd stage, but as nitrification process was proceeded, above 90% of ammonia-nitrogen was removed in the 3rd and 4th stage. In these cases, the recycle ratio and HRT were found 30 and 7 hrs respectively. In the relation of $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal to $NO_3{^-}-N$ formation in the synthetic waste-water and septic tank effluent, when $1mg/{\ell}$ of $NH_4{^+}-N$ was removed, $NO_3{^-}-N$ formations were $0.95mg/{\ell}$ and $0.82mg/{\ell}$ respectively. And kinetics of nitrification using Biological Fluidized Bed was discussed also.