• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2021

The toxics regulatory body provides a benefit/cost ratio as a justification criterion while implementing regulations that induce the industry to reduce emissions voluntarily. Furthermore, since, the body wants to reflect not only the efficiency standard but also the policy standard in the evaluation of feasibility, it calculates the ratio by adjusting the importance weights. The problem is that respondents answer ambiguously. It should be removed for the reasonable evaluation. This study introduced a fuzzy-AHP methodology for this, and applied it to the voluntary emission reduction plan program in Korea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.89-93
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• 2023

This study is a case study of the Ukrainian military's asymmetric combat performance method. The composition of this study is as follows. First, it presented the background for the outbreak of war in the macroscopic framework of Russia-Ukraine. Second, the Ukraine-Russia war, which broke out in February 2022, presented the justification for the study, that is, the direction of the Ukrainian military's asymmetric combat performance in terms of microscopic aspects of the study, and detailed analysis of precision strikes using commercial drones and advanced sensors. Finally, we covered in-depth the case of Ukrainian troops who attempted to attack Russian tanks using semi-automatic laser homing technology. Therefore, the Korean military organization also suggested the justification for gradually introducing and utilizing the system for the Ukrainian military's asymmetric combat performance method, and related follow-up studies should be actively conducted following this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) is a third-party assessment that is to confirm that the system satisfies the safety requirements in the defined operational context. The process of this assessment often brings about many complex arguments that should be supported by evidence and justification. The communication between arguments and evidence is of the most importance in the context of safety case. This study illustrates how NOR-STA can be used for ISA process, showing the effective structure of safety compliance. The study outlines the steps to breaks down the top goal into many elements such as arguments, sub-goals, justification, context and assumptions. It concludes that the evidence-based safety conformance process utilizing NOR-STA provides a more effective and systematic representation of the independent safety assessment process in conformance cases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.367-368
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• 1991

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2014

Background: Demands are recently rising for the securement of procedural justification of policy decision-making. This study aims to improve the procedure of making a decision to expand health insurance benefit package from the perspective of building a social consensus. Methods: Major priority principles were firstly derived through literature search. Weights for such principles were calculated through an analytic hierarchy process, based upon the survey conducted for the health policy experts. Priority for 11 non-covered services was assessed by applying the weights as above to the results of the questionnaire survey targeted at people including members of related committees or societies. Results: Weights for priority principles were in the order of 'severity/urgency (0.428)', 'cost-effectiveness (0.318)', 'substitutability (0.164),' and 'accountability (0.090)'. What was obtained by applying these weights to the results of the questionnaire survey was considerably in line with what health experts classified those items into 3 groups depending on their own judgement of service necessity (consistent with 9 services out of 11). Conclusion: Results of the study are suggestive as to how far a brief assessment by experts could be utilized in case there are constraints on time and expenses in implementing all the process to secure procedural justification. Various attempts and endeavors need to be made to secure procedural justification that will not mar efficiency of decision-making in the days to come.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2003

This study analyzes on the reasoning in the process of justification and mathematical problem solving in our primary mathematics textbooks. In our analyses, we found that the inductive reasoning based on the paradima-tic example whose justification is founnded en a local deductive reasoning is the most important characteristics in our textbooks. We also found that some propositions on the properties of various quadrangles impose a deductive reasoning on primary students, which is very difficult to them. The inductive reasoning based on enumeration is used in a few cases, and analogies based on the similarity between the mathematical structures and the concrete materials are frequntly found. The exposition based en a paradigmatic example, which is the most important characteristics, have a problematic aspect that the level of reasoning is relatively low In Miyazaki's or Semadeni's respects. And some propositions on quadrangles is very difficult in Piagetian respects. As a result of our study, we propose that the level of reasoning in primary mathematics is leveled up by degrees, and the increasing levels are following: empirical justification on a paradigmatic example, construction of conjecture based on the example, examination on the various examples of the conjecture's validity, construction of schema on the generality, basic experiences for the relation of implication.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 1998

The methodology for justification and optimization of the countermeasures related with contamination management of milk was designed based on the cost and benefit analysis. The application results were discussed for the deposition on August 15, when pasture is fully developed in Korean agricultural conditions. A dynamic food chain model DYNACON was used to estimate the time-dependent radioactivity of milk after the deposition. The considered countermeasures are (1) the ban of milk consumption (2) the substitution of clean fodder, which are effective in reducing the ingestion dose as well as simple and easy to carry out in the first year after the deposition. The total costs of the countermeasures were quantitatively estimated in terms of cost equivalent of doses and monetary costs. It is obvious that a fast reaction after the deposition is an important factor in cost effectiveness of the countermeasures. In most cases, the substitution of clean fodder was more effective countermeasure than the ban of consumption. A fast reaction after the deposition made longer justifiable/optimal duration of the countermeasure.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2004

The function of history is divided into two: justification and reflection. Justification confers causality on the consequences of history, and thereby putting emphasis on the inevitability of present. From the perspective of reflection, on the other hand, history is what is selected from several possibilities, and in this respect, present is not necessarily inevitable. The former is conservative; the latter, reformative. History, however, takes both of the functions. History reproduces a community by preserving memories of the community through a record, and leads to the evolution of a community through reflection. Emerged in the precess of industrialization, Korean design, despite its relatively short history, is witnessing a growing desire to prove its existence through history. While, it is also noteworthy that there is an increasing interest in looking at the history of Korean design from the perspective of reflection. I propose four propositions necessary to study of the history of Korean design. They are as follow; 1) History is interpretation; 2) The history of the institution should be overcome; 3) A simplifying progressive view of history should be restrained; 4) Foundation for study should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.4 s.109
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• pp.454-472
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• 2005

This study is to discuss on intrinsic justification of 'citizenship' and 'spaces of citizenship' to inquiry possibility of citizenship education through geography subject. According to Peters' educational view as forms of knowledge and initiation, citizenship was intrinsically justified through examination of forms of geographical knowledge. The analysis of paradigms in geography shows that 'the human' and 'the social' are generally combined in 'space'-centered language and ideologies through post-positivism. That is, it refuses the concept of physical space which is value neutral, and seeks turn to spaces of citizenship which is value-intrinsic through social space theory. Given that changes in the forms of geographical knowledge lead changes in content knowledge of geography subject, citizenship is to be justified intrinsically. Thus, citizenship as content knowledge of geography subject is to be justified not extrinsically through acceptance of social studies' educational aim in itself but intrinsically through forms of geographical knowledge. And geographical education as initiation into value and belief of citizenship based on these spaces of citizenship is not about making students have arrived at a destination, but about them travel with a different view.