• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.2 s.32
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• pp.101-114
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• 2007

Dowel bars in the jointed concrete pavement are used to both provide load transfer across pavements joints and prevent the joint faulting leading to longer service life. On the contrary, the misplacement of dowel bar can provide negative results including the joint freezing(locking) that may cause the joint spatting and unexpected mid-slab cracking. The dowel bar can be placed using the assembly or dowel bar inserter (DBI) during the concrete pavement construction. In the domestic practice of the concrete pavement construction, the dowel bar is placed using the assembly method. This study primarily focuses on the comparison of these two dowel placement methods using the field data from the KHC test road in which both dowel placement methods have been applied to a certain length of the concrete pavement. The field data regarding the alignment of the dowel bars placed by both methods was collected using MIT-SCAN2, a nondestructive measuring equipment, and processed to compute Joint Score and Running Ave. Joint Score which are used as indicators of the dowel bar performance. The comparison of the methods for the dowel bar placement using these indicators shows that the DBI method provided much better alignment of the dowel bars reducing the risk of joint freezing than the assembly method. In order to improve the quality of the dowel bar placement using the assembly method, the current weak points of the assembly method including the fabrication, storage, and installation of dowel bar assembly were investigated and the solution was suggested. The improved dowel bar sets based on the suggested solution have been applied to an actual practice of the concrete pavement construction. The field data shows that the improved assembly method suggested in this study can highly reduce the risk of joint freezing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1988

The purposes of this study were : 1) to assess the level of pain and to identity the varieties and the degree of pain-related behavior, 2) to measure the level of correlation between the level of pain and the degree of pain- related behavior, 3) to test the correlation between the Korean Pain Rating Scale (KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS), and 4) to gather data relevant to the Socio-demographic status of the subjects. The level of pain was measured by KPRS and GRS developed by the researchers. The KPRS consists of three dimensions ; the sensory, the affective and the miscellaneous and the GRS of two separate scales ; the intensity scale and the unpleasantness scale. Of the 2, 025 who had visited orthopedic and neurosurgical out-patients department of 11 university hospitals in various districts of Korea with the episode of Joint pain, 405 subjects were self-selected by responding to the data gathering tools and questionaires mailed. The results are summaried as follows : 1. Maale(217, 53.6%) exceeded female patients(188, 46.4%) in number and the onset of joint pain was more prevalent in the age groups of the 20s and the 30s. 160(39.5%) had been hospitalized for the treatment of, and 87(21.5%) had retired because of the joint pain. 2. Mean pain score measured by KPRS was 128.31 (range; 0-1.344.8) ; mean sensory score was 43.23(range ; 0-645.88%), mean affective score was 46.09(range ; 0- 356.72), and mean miscellaneous score was 39.99(range ; 0-341.68). Mean pain scores measured by GRS were ; sensory intensity score ; 109.1(range ; 0-200) and distress score ; 99.1 (range ; 0-200). 3. The prevalent sites of joint pain revealed to be the right knee joint(203; 50.1%), left knee joint(181(44.7%), left ilium(147, 36.3%), lumbar region (106; 26.2%), hip joint(92; 22.7%) and the ankle(84; 20.7%). 4. The average sleep hour was 6.8hours per day and the average rest hour during the day hours was 3.3hours (range 0-20). 5. The average duration of suffering from joint pain was 49.1 months. 6. Most of the subjects(298; 73.6%) used some sorts of pain relieving practices ; the most prevalent pain relieving practice was the compliance with the physician prescribed treatments(34.4%). 7. The level of discomfort in carrying out the ADL(activities of daily living was 101.16(38.83) and the level of needs for aid in carrying out the ADL was 76.62(31.79). 8. The interrelation between KPRS total score and GRS sensory intensity score(.4438), as well as that of GRS distress score(r＝.4446) were not highly correlated, however, sensory and affective dimension within KPRS (.7547) and pain intensity and distress score of GRS(.6975) revealed moderate intercorrelation. 9. Pain-related behaviors such as discomfort in carrying out ADL, the need for aids in carrying out ADL, frequency of pain relieving practices, varieties of pain sites and length of rest hours during the day hours revealed to be highly correlated with the level of pain measured by KPRS, GRS sensory intensity scale and GRS distress scale. The following are recommended ; 1. Test for the correlation of KPRS total score and the summated score of GRS ; sensory intensity and distress scores. 2. Possibilities of utilization of the pain-related behaviors which revealed high correlation as indirect assessment tool for measuring the level of pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effect of Bee venom-Acupuncture on knee joint with osteoarthritis. Methods : We investigated 30 cases of patients with osteoarthritis of knee joint. We flip a coin and divide into two groups. Bee venom-acupuncture was performed at one group, and the other group didn't do it. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using the WOMAC score. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using the WOMAC, the score after treatment was marked higher than that before treatment within each group. 2. After treatment, Bee venom-Acupuncture group showed significant difference on WOMAC score compared with acupuncture group. Conclusion : These results suggested that Bee venom-Acupuncture treatment should be more effective in the patient with osteoarthritis of knee joint.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 2004

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of Cervus elaphus Herbal acupuncture on osteoarthritis in knee joint. Methods : We investigated 15 cases of patients with osteoarthritis in knee joint that arevisited in hospital of Dong-Shin Korean Traditional Medicine. We evaluated knee joint function that before and after its treatment by Lyshoim score and satisfaction of treatment by Baumgaertner nine point sacle and VAS score. Results : The sex distinction with a disease caused much more female than male at the ratio of 1 to 2.75 in the proportion of male to female. Jobs is mainly ranked with a sitting position jobs and a housewife. Approximately 73.3% of cases before our hospital have ever treated at the other clinics or hospitals. According to Lyshoim score, before treatment is 54.87 and after is 63.29, that showd stisfacally meaningful increase. According to VAS score, before treatment is 10 and after is 44.6. In evaluating of satisfaction, good are 73.2% according to Baumgaertner nine point sacle. Conclusion : According to the results, Cervus elaphus Herbal acupuncture may be effects on the increase of knee joints function and the decrease of pain on osteoarthritis in knee joint.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

Background: Facet joint have been implicated as a source of chronic low back pain. Radiofrequency denervation has demonstrated the most solid evidence. To increase safety and efficacy of treatment, computed tomography (CT) guidance injection has been used in several disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CT-guided radiofrequency rhizotomy in the treatment of facet joint pain. Methods: A total of 40 patients were randomized to undergo radiofrequency facet joint denervation under CT guidance or C-arm guidance. All patients were examined visual analogue scale (VAS) score before treatment, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. Results: The VAS in both groups showed significant improvement over the 1-month interval. No significant difference in the VAS score among the group was observed. Conclusions: In this study there was no significant difference between CT guidance lumbar rhizotomy and C-arm guidance lumbar rhizotomy. Therefore CT-guided radiofrequency denervation of the lumbar facet joint was a minimally invasive technique that appears effective.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2022

Objectives : To get to know the effects of placental extract and laser theraphy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder, we have tried a injection of placental extract and laser theraphy into 聽宮(SI19), 聽會(GB02) for patient with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder. Methods : In this case clinical assessment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction is assessed by the VAS score and the Korean Version of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders(RDC/TMD). Results : The VAS score was significantly decreased after Placental extract herbal acupuncture and laser theraphy Conclusion : Placental extract herbal acupuncture and laser theraphy effectively resolved pain for Temporomandibular Disorders.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of conservative Korean treatment including hip joint MST for Bilateral Sacroillitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis. Methods : Patient is hospitalized at Dept. of Korean Internal Medicine, Jaseng Korean Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as Bilateral Sacroilitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis, and treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and hip joint MST. This study was measured by NRS(Numeric Rating Scale), SLRT(Straight leg raising test), Patrick test, and Blood test(ESR, CRP). Result : After conservative treatment, the patient's pain was controlled and NRS score was decreased. SLRT score also improved. Patrick test unchanged. ESR, CRP score was decreased. Conclusion : As seen in this one case, conservative Korean treatment including hip joint MST has a positive effect to control pain with Bilateral Sacroillitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2003

The pelvic radiographs of 47 clinically normal Jindoes (26 dogs and 21 bitches) were investigated to evaluate the coxofemoral joints, prospectively. The hip joints were graded according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals criteria of excellent, good, fair, borderline, mild canine hip dysplasia (CHD), moderate CHD, severe CHD. Of the 47 Jindoes evaluated, 8 (17%) were graded as dysplastic, 3 (6.4%) were mildly dysplastic, 3 (6.4%) were moderately dysplastic, and 2 (4.3%) were severly dysplastic. Of the 39 Jindoes graded as normal, 16 (34%) were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype, 15 (31.9%) were classified as having fair, and 8 (17%) were classified as good. Each hip joint was scored based on the British Veterinary Association/The Kennel Club hip scoring system. The normal hip joint (excellent, fair, good) received score less than 5, while dysplastic hip joint (mild, moderate, severe CHD) received score form 5 to 29. Norberg angle (r=0.76) and femoral angle of inclination (r=0.6) were in inverse proportion to grade of the hip joint (P<0.01). The width of medial joint space was in proportion to grade of hip joint (r=0.7, P<0.01).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2022

Purpose: A network meta-analysis was conducted to assess the comparative effects and ranks of repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults. Methods: A network meta-analysis was performed in a frequency method, using the "netmeta" package of R software version 4.1. The effects of repositioning intervention were confirmed by the odds ratio. The comparative ranking of the repositioning effects was confirmed using the cumulative probability (P-score). Results: Seven intervention studies were included in this study. Based on the P-score, the use of the repositioning system was ranked as the most effective among all interventions (P-score 78.7%). Next was 3~4-hour repositioning combined with memory foam mattress use (P-score 77.2%), use of wearable sensor (P-Score 61.4%), 2-hour repositioning combined with memory foam mattress use (P-score 59.1%), 2-hour repositioning combined with powered air pressure redistribution mattress use (P-score 18.0%), and 4-hour repositioning combined with powered air pressure redistribution mattress use (P-score 18.0%). Conclusion: This study provides information on the relative comparative value of various repositioning interventions to prevent pressure ulcers using network meta-analysis. This is expected to be useful for nurses' decision-making when applying repositioning interventions in clinical practice

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.372-381
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of a taping method on pain and ROM of the knee joint in the elderly. Method: The subjects were seniors registered in a senior welfare center in D city. An experimental group of 30 persons and acontrol group of 33 persons were chosen and according to the proper conditions and a knee pain score was marked from 1-5 on a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. For the experimental group, the taping method was conducted three times a week for four weeks (twelve times in all) but the control group did not receive taping.. The measuring instrument of knee pain was a numerical pain rating scale from 0 to 10 and the ROM score was the average value of three measured values with a goniometer. The data was analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 using an $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and time contrast. Result: Knee joint pain was significantly decreased in the experimental group over that of the control group (p=.001). In addition, knee joint ROM of the experimental group was significantly improved over that of the control group (p=.001). Conclusion: It was proven that the taping method was effective for pain relief and increasing ROM of the knee joint in the elderly.