• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.154-157
• /
• 2000

Author report a case of double metatarso-phalangeal joint transplantation to the elbow joint in the 31 years old female patient who have large bone defect associated with skin and soft tissue defect. The donor joints were second and third metatarso-phalangeal joint as double joint transfer fashion to enhance stability of graft. The graft based on dorsalis pedis vessel to anastomosed with radial artery of recipient site. The result is unsatisfactory because of long lasting lateral instability of reconstructed elbow joint in spite of 40 degree flexion motion and fair axial stability. We can conclude that joints from foot can not be an effective donor for biologic joint arthroplasty of elbow joint even though double metatarso-phalangeal joint were harvested.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2011

Although there have been various studies related to the body's movement from a sitting to a standing position (sit-to-stand task), there is limited information on the kinematic changes on the frontal and transverse planes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how pelvic tilt affects kinematic changes in the frontal and transverse planes in the hip and knee joints during a sit-to-stand task. For this study, 33 healthy participants (13 female) were recruited. Each participant rose from a sitting to a standing posture at his or her preferred speed for each of three different pelvic tilt trials (anterior, posterior, and neutral), and the measured angles were analyzed using a 3-D motion analysis system. A one-way repeated measure analysis of variance was performed with Bonferroni's post hoc test. In addition, an independent t-test was carried out to determine the sex differences in hip and knee joint kinematic changes during the sit-to-stand tasks. The results were as follows: 1) The hip and knee joint angle in the frontal and transverse planes showed a significant difference between the different pelvic tilt postures during sitting in the pre-buttock lift-off phase (pre-LO) (p<.05). Compared to the posterior pelvic tilt posture, the anterior pelvic tilt posture involved significantly greater hip joint adduction and internal rotation, knee joint adduction, and reduced internal rotation of the knee joint. 2) Sex differences were found with significant differences for males in the initial and maximal angles in the frontal plane of the hip and knee joint (p<.05). Females had a significantly smaller initial abduction angle of the hip joint and a significantly greater maximal angle of the hip adduction joint. These results suggest that selecting a sit-to-stand exercise for pelvic tilt posture should be considered to control abnormal movement in the lower extremities.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2015

In the paper, a design method of knee and pelvis joint in the biped robot is proposed for shock absorption and gravity compensation. Similarly to the human's body, the knee joints of the biped robot support most body weight and get a shock from the landing motion of the foot on the floor. The torque of joint motor is also increased sharply to keep the balance of the robot. Knee and pelvis joints with the spring are designed to compensate the gravity force and reduce the contact shock of the robot. To verify the efficiency of the proposed design method, we develope a biped robot with the joint mechanism using springs. At first, we experiment with the developed robot on the static motions such as the bent-knee posture both without load and with load on the flat ground, and the balance posture on the incline plane. The current of knee joint is measured to analyze the impact force and energy consumption of the joint motors. Also, we observe the motor current of knee and pelvis joints for the walking motion of the biped robot. The current responses of joint motors show that the proposed method has an effect on shock reduction and gravity compensation, and improve the energy efficiency of walking motions for the biped robot.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a minimally constraint joint angle measurement system for the feedback control of FES (functional electrical stimulation) locomotion. Feedback control is desirable for the efficient FES locomotion, however, the simple on-off control schemes are mainly used in clinic because the currently available angle measurement systems are heavily constraint or cosmetically poor. We designed a new angle measurement system consisting of a magnet and magnetic sensors located below and above the ankle joint, respectively, in the rear side of ipsilateral leg. Two magnetic sensors are arranged so that the sensing axes are perpendicular each other. Multiple positions of sensors attachment on the shank part of the ankle joint model and also human ankle joint were selected and the accuracy of the measured angle at each position was investigated. The reference ankle joint angle was measured by potentiometer and motion capture system. The ankle joint angle was determined from the fitting curve of the reference angle and magnetic flux density relationship. The errors of the measured angle were calculated at each sensor position for the ankle range of motion (ROM) $-20{\sim}15$ degrees (dorsiflexion as positive) which covers the ankle ROM of both stroke patients and normal subjects during locomotion. The error was the smallest with the sensor at the position 1 which was the nearest position to the ankle joint. In case of human experiment, the RMS (root mean square) errors were $0.51{\pm}1.78(0.31{\sim}0.64)$ degrees and the maximum errors were $1.19{\pm}0.46(0.68{\sim}1.58)$ degrees. The proposed system is less constraint and cosmetically better than the existing angle measurement system because the wires are not needed.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2012

Fish generates large thrust through an oscillating motion with a compliant joint of caudal fin. The compliance of caudal fin affects the thrust generated by the fish. Due to the flexibility of the fish, the fish can generate a travelling wave motion which is known to increase the efficiency of the fish. However, a detailed research on the relationship between the flexible joint and the thrust generation is needed. In this paper, the compliant joint of a caudal fin is implemented in the driving mechanism of a robotic fish. By varying the driving frequency and stiffness of the compliant joint, the relationship between the thrust generation and the stiffness of the flexible joint is investigated. In general, as the frequency increases, the thrust increases. When higher driving frequency is applied, higher stiffness of the flexible joint is needed to maximize the thrust. The bending angles between the compliant joint and the caudal fin are compared with the changes of the thrust in one cycle. This result can be used to design the robotic fish which can be operated at the maximum thrust condition using the appropriate stiffness of the compliant joint.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate walking standard time and joint powers of the lower extremities on the changes of illuminations in the elderly women. Ten older women ($70.90{\pm}3.28$ years, $154.70{\pm}3.47$ cm, $53.80{\pm}5.39$ kg) with normal vision and no gait disabilities participated in this study. All the experiments were performed on a level walkway from low to high lighting (six conditions). A 3-dimensional motion capturing system, force-plate, and EMG were used to acquire and analyze walking motion, force, and muscle activity data; the sampling frequency was 100 Hz, 1000 Hz and 1000 Hz respectively. To test the differences on walking standard time and joint powers of the lower extremities between the six lighting conditions, one-way repeated ANOVAs were evaluated. The following results were drawn: First, mean standard time was about 1.3 sec/stride, and velocities were smaller with lighting increasing except 100 Lx. Second, the joint power patterns of ankle and knee were not consistent, but only hip joint power was a greatest in 6 Lx and a smallest in 400 Lx. Third, standard times(100 Lx<300 Lx, 400 Lx) were statistically significant, and hip joint max powers (100 Lx>others) were also statistically significant. But ankle and knee joint max power were not statistically significant. These results showed that standard times from low to high lighting were not consistent, and hip joint of 100 Lx has a greatest rotational torque. We suggested that gait strategies of them as to changing illuminations were not consistent and findings may represent a lack of adaptability in the elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships among the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) and femur head anterior glide (FHAG) mobility on the gait ability in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. METHODS: The participants were 37 patients (30 male, 7 female) living in Daejeon. The ROM of the hip joint was measured by using goniometry and the FHAG mobility was measured by using the Prone Figure-4 test. The walking ability was assessed by using the 10m walk test (10MWT), and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: The FHAG was negatively correlated with hip extension (r=-.554, p<.05) and flexion (r=-.337) on the affected side as well as with hip extension (r=-.480), abduction (r=-.361), and adduction (r=-.426) on the non-affected side (p<.05). The gait ability was correlated with the hip joint external rotation on the non-affected side (p<.05), but showed no significant correlation with the hip ROM on the affected side (p>.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, the FHAG mobility might be correlated with hip extension. Based on these results, the FHAG mobility may be used to determine the hip extension in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.65-90
• /
• 2003

To identify the effects of joint mobilization on the functional improvement of patients with neck pain, the present research investigated 60 neck pain patients, dividing them into a group doing joint mobilization, a group doing Mckenzie exercise and a group using modalities. This study examined patients degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck pain before and after the treatment, and compared three groups to find difference in the degree of recovery from neck pain. The results of this study are as follows : 1. For the joint mobilization group, the visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion (ROM) of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 2. For the Mckenzie exercise group, the visual analogue scale decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 3. For the modality using group, the visual analogue scale decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 4. In the comparison of VAS and ROM of the three groups before and after the treatment, significant differences were found among the three groups in VAS after three weeks' treatment, and in ROM before the treatment(p<.05). 5. In all the three groups, VAS decreased and the ROM of cervical vertebrae increased after the treatment, and in particular, the decrease of VAS and the increase of the ROM of cervical vertebrae were remarkable in the joint mobilization group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of muscle activity and mechanical loading according to the angle of ankle joint during a sit-to-stand (STS) task. METHODS: Thirty-four young participants performed the STS in a randomized trial with the ankle joint at a neutral, 15 degrees dorsiflexion and 15 degrees plantarflexion angle in a fixed sitting posture with the knee in 105 degrees flexion. Muscle activity of the tibialis anterior (TA), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius medialis (GCM) was measured, and the parameters calculated in relation to mechanical loading were the STS-time, maximum peak, minimum peak, and total sum of mechanical loading. RESULTS: In the dorsiflexion position, the muscle activity of the TA and GCM showed a significant increase (p<.05), and the STS time, maximum peak and total sum of mechanical loading showed a significant difference compared to that in the neutral position (p<.05). In the plantarflexion position, the muscle activity of the RF and GCM showed a significant increase (p<.05), while that of the TA showed a significant decrease (p<.05) compared to that in the neutral position. And the minimum peak was significantly increased than the neutral position (p<.05), and the maximum peak and total sum of mechanical loading were showed significant difference compared with dorsiflexion position (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results show that there is a difference in muscle activity and mechanical loading when performing the STS movement according to the change in the ankle joint angle.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.472-478
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinetic effect of Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument on the human body structure. To analyze the kinetic effect of Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument, Golf swing using Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument and regular golf instrument was captured. And then Upper limbs and lumbar joint torques was calculated via computer simulation. Five man participated this study. Subjects performed golf swing using a regular golf and Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument. Golf swing motion was captured using three position sensor, active infrared LED maker and force plate. Golf swing model was generated and simulated using ADAMS/LifeMOD program. As a results, joint torque during Soft-golf swing were lower than regular golf swing. Thus soft-golf swing have joint load lower than regular golf swing and contribute to reduce joint injury.