• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.6 s.46
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

Semi-analytical methodology to examine the dynamic responses of a bridge is developed via the joint probability density function. The evolution of joint probability density function is evaluated by the semi-analytical procedure developed. The joint probability function of the bridge responses can be obtained by solving the path-integral solution of the Fokker-Planet equation corresponding to the stochastic differential equations of the system. The response characteristics are observed from the joint probability density function and the boundary of the envelope of the probability density function can provide the maxima ol the bridge responses.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

In order to solve the life prediction problem of damaged coating steel bar in magnesium cement concrete, this study tries to establish the marginal distribution function by using the corrosion current density as a single degradation factor. Representing the degree of steel corrosion, the corrosion current density were tested in electrochemical workstation. Then based on the Copula function, the joint distribution function of the damaged coating was established. Therefore, it is indicated that the corrosion current density of the bare steel and coated steel bar can be used as the boundary element to establish the marginal distribution function. By using the Frank-Copula function of Copula Archimedean function family, the joint distribution function of the damaged coating steel bar was successfully established. Finally, the life of the damaged coating steel bar has been lost in 7320d. As a new method for the corrosion of steel bar under the multi-dimensional factors, the two-dimensional Copula function has certain practical significance by putting forward some new ideas.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1996

The author examined the clinical signs and symptoms , routine radiographs, laboratory test and bone scan in 73 subjects with TMJ disorders and studied the responses of clinical test on patients, the distribution of signs and symptoms of joints, the simple uptake rate(SUR) of affected joints , the SUR of subclassified groups of TMJ disorders, active joints of subclassified groups of TMJ disorders and the SUR of joints with noises. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The percentage of joint pain on palpation, joint noises joint pain on function, mandibular dysfunction and active finding of bone scan in aptients with TMJ disorders were higher 2. The SUR was higher in joints affected by joint pain on function, joint pain on palpation, mandibular dysfunction and creptius. 3. The SUR of osteoarthrosis was the lowest. 4. The percentage of active joints were the highest in joints with discdisplacement without reduction, and followed by osteoarthritis, and disc displacement with reduction. 5. The SUR of TMJ showing joint noises only was lower.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.278-294
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• 1999

The PACE (People nth Arthritis Can Exercise) is an exercise program developed by the Arthritis Foundation to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility for patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PACE program on self-efficacy, pain, and joint function in the Korean immigrant elderly. The PACE program was held twice a week for 6 weeks for Korean immigrant elderly who had osteoarthritis. Twenty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited in two places : 10 elderly in a senior residential apartment, and 14 elderly in a senior center supported by Congregated Meal Program for Korean Elderly. Self-efficacy(Sherer et al., 1982), pain severity(by using Visual Analogue Scale), and number of painful joints were measured before and after the PACE program. To examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured : the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion(ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the PACE program. After the PACE, followings were found : 1. Self-efficacy was significantly increased. 2. Pain severity and number of painful Joints was significantly decreased. 3. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms were significantly improved, but the flexibility of knee was not changed. 4. The flexibility and strengthening of both ankle was significantly improved. In conclusion, PACE was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to promote self-efficacy, to reduce pain, and to enhance joint function in the elderly with osteoarthritis. It is suggested that the PACE program should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for elderly with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program on shoulder joint function, stress, body image and self-esteem in women who have had surgery for breast cancer. Method: A non-equivalent control group pre-post test design with an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25) was used. The experimental group participated in the program once a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square and t-test with the SPSS Win 17.0. Results: There were significantly increased in shoulder joint function (p=.012), body image (p=.001), and self-esteem (p=.013), and significantly decreased in stress (p=.003). Conclusion: The results suggest that breast cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program had beneficial effects on shoulder joint function, body image, self-esteem and stress in patients who have had surgery for breast cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint mobilization and muscle strengthening exercises on neck function, range of motion, and muscle tone in patients with forward head posture. Methods: A total 32 subjects were divided into muscle strengthening exercise (n=16) and joint mobilization (n=16) who met the diagnostic criteria for the forward head posture, and the study method used the neck disability index (NDI) and BPM Pro to compare the range of motion. Results: As a result of the study, there was no significant difference between each group, and when looking at the differences before and after each group, there was a significant difference in neck pain in both groups. There was a significant difference in muscle tension in the joint mobilization group, but there was no significant difference in the muscle strengthening exercise group. In the range of joint mobilization, there was a significant difference in the range of left joint mobilization of the joint mobilization group, there was no significant difference in the range of right joint mobilization, and there was no significant difference in the range of joint mobilization of the muscle strengthening exercise group. Conclusion: The above results revealed that joint mobilization and muscle strengthening exercises were effective on neck function, range of motion, and muscle tone in forward head posture patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the upper limb strength, active joint range of motion (AROM), and upper limb function in persons with chronic stroke using virtual reality training in combination with upper limb sensory stimulation. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: 20 subjects were divided into two groups of 10, the sensory motor stimulation and virtual reality training (SMVR) and virtual reality training (VR) groups. The training was conducted for 30 minutes per session, three times a week for 8 weeks.The participants' upper limb strength was measured via the hand-held dynamometer, joint angle AROM was measured via dual inclinometer, function was measured using the Jebson-Taylor hand function test and the manual function test. Results: Significant differences were observed in all groups before and after the training for upper extremity strength, AROM, and function (p<0.05). Between the two groups, the SMVR group showed significant improvement in muscle strength, AROM, and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test scores compared with the VR groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we confirmed that sensory stimulation and VR had positive effects on upper extremity strength, AROM, and function of persons with chronic stroke. The results suggest that in the future, VR in combination with sensory stimulation of the upper limb is likely to become an effective method (a rehabilitation training program) to improve the upper limb function of persons with chronic stroke.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the use of insoles in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders to assess the function and changes in pain when walking in daily life. Methods: Sixty-five patients with temporomandibular joint disorder, were selected, with 34 assigned to the control group and 31 to the experimental group. The control group walked more than 7,000 steps per day in their daily life, while the experimental group wore insoles and was instructed to take at least 7,000 steps every day. To evaluate the effect on temporomandibular joint pain, steady-state pain, maximum mouth opening, average pain, and the most severe pain were measured before and after the experiment. In addition, to determine function, mouth opening in a comfortable state, mouth opening pain, and the point of sound and the maximum degree of mouth opening were evaluated before and after the experiment. Results: After the experiment, pain, mouth opening, and sound points showed significant differences compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the maximum mouth opening range. Conclusion: The application of air insoles to patients with temporomandibular joint disorder confirmed the function of the temporomandibular joint and its positive effects on pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the manual joint mobilization to the patients with knee osteoarthritis and to determine the effect of pain, range of motion, body function and balance after applying it. METHODS: The thirty participants who complained the knee pain were randomly assigned to control (Con) group (n=15) that received the general physical therapy and experimental (Exp) group (n=15) that received the applied the manual joint mobilization and the general physical therapy three times per week, 30 minutes per day for four weeks. It measured the visual analogue scale (VAS), the range of motion (ROM), body function (WOMAC) and balance (TUG). RESULTS: It showed the significantly different between the control group and experiment group in VAS, ROM and WOMAC. After 4 weeks, the experiment group was significantly different from other group in VAS, ROM and WOMAC. But the measurement of balance did not show the significantly difference within group and between groups. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that Manual joint mobilization was effective in pain, ROM, function in patient with knee osteoarthritis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2339-2355
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• 2021

In this paper, a joint probabilistic data association algorithm based on loss function (LJPDA) is proposed so that the computation load and accuracy of the multi-target tracking algorithm can be guaranteed simultaneously. Firstly, data association is divided in to three cases based on the relationship among validation gates and the number of measurements in the overlapping area for validation gates. Also the contribution coefficient is employed for evaluating the contribution of a measurement to a target, and the loss function, which reflects the cost of the new proposed data association algorithm, is defined. Moreover, the equation set of optimal contribution coefficient is given by minimizing the loss function, and the optimal contribution coefficient can be attained by using the Newton-Raphson method. In this way, the weighted value of each target can be achieved, and the data association among measurements and tracks can be realized. Finally, we compare performances of LJPDA proposed and joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm via numerical simulations, and much attention is paid on real-time performance and estimation error. Theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that the LJPDA algorithm proposed exhibits small estimation error and low computation complexity.