• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2018

Background: An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a commonly administered procedure in pain clinics. An unintentional lumbar facet joint injection during interlaminar ESI was reported in a previous study, but there has not been much research on the characteristics of an unintentional lumbar facet joint injection. This study illustrated the imaging features of an unintentional lumbar facet joint injection during an interlaminar ESI and analyzed characteristics of patients who underwent this injection. Methods: From December 2015 to May 2017, we performed 662 lumbar ESIs and we identified 24 cases (21 patients) that underwent a lumbar facet joint injection. We gathered data contrast pattern, needle approach levels and directions, injected facet joint levels and directions, presence of lumbar spine disease as seen on magnetic resonance images (MRI), and histories of lumbar spine surgeries. Results: The contrast pattern in the facet joint has a sigmoid or ovoid contrast pattern confined to the vicinity of the facet joint. The incidence of unintentional lumbar facet joint injection was 3.6%. The mean age was 68.47 years. Among these 21 patients, 14 (66.7%) were injected in the facet joint ipsilaterally to the needle approach. Among the 20 patients who received MRI, all (100%) had central stenosis and 15 patients (75%) had severe stenosis. Conclusions: When the operator performs an interlaminar ESI on patients with central spinal stenosis, the contrast pattern on the fluoroscopy during interlaminar ESI should be carefully examined to distinguish between the epidural space and facet joint.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.2-20
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• 2020

MRI 영상은 관절 내 질환의 평가에 중요한 검사기법이며, 관절 MRI 영상의 해석을 위해선 견고한 해부학적 지식이 바탕이 되어야 한다. 관절의 해부학 분야에서는, 새로운 구조물이 발견되기도 하며, 과거에 보고되었으나 기능을 알지 못하던 구조물이 새롭게 주목을 받기도 한다. 본 종설에서는 최근 십여 년간 활발하게 연구되어온 견관절 회전근개 케이블(rotator cable) 및 상관절막(superior capsule), 슬관절의 후외측(posterolateral corner) 및 전외측 인대 복합(anterolateral ligament complex), 발목관절의 원위부 경비골 인대결합(distal tibiofibular syndesmosis) 등의 최근 연구 결과를 소개하고, 이를 MRI 영상을 통해 확인해 보았다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.24-37
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 익산의 미륵산 일대의 화강암 지형경관에 대한 지형학적 및 지질학적 특성을 파악하고, 더불어 미륵사지 서탑에 사용된 석재의 공급지를 추정하였다. 절리는 익산 지역에서 가장 뚜렷한 지형학적 및 지질학적 구조이며, J1 절리의 방향은 N71°E∼EW이고 J2 절리의 방향은 N20°W∼N20°E의 범위를 나타낸다. 절리의 형태를 세분할 때 연구지역에서는 cross형의 절리가 우세하며 또한 linear형의 수직절리도 관찰된다. 지형적 특징으로 토어와 핵석도 관찰되는데, 토어를 이루는 핵석들은 2∼3m의 길이에 2∼3m 또는 5m 이상의 높이를 가진다. 그들의 경도는 주로 hammer bounce에 속한다. 미륵산 화강암에서 나타나는 토어는 tower형과 castle형이 우세하다. 한편 타포니와 나마 등과 같은 지형적 특징도 나타난다. 미륵사지 서탑의 석재와 인근 미륵산 화강암의 암석기재적 및 지구화학적 특징들을 비교할 때, 이 두 암석들은 매우 유사함이 지적되어 미륵산이 석재의 공급지일 가능성이 제기된다. 미륵산에서는 과거 채석의 흔적이 다수 발견되기도 한다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

목적: 후관절 근접 낭종이 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환으로 수술 받은 23명의 환자를 대상으로 방사선적 특징과 임상적 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 23명의 환자를 대상으로 척추관 협착증 동반 여부, 불안정성, 척추 전방 전위증 동반 여부, 낭종의 위치 및 방향, 후관절의 퇴행성 변화 정도, 후관절 각도, 추간판 퇴행 정도를 확인하였다. 모든 환자에게 광범위 감압술 및 기기고정 유합술을 시행하였다. 임상적 결과를 Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire 및 visual analogue scale을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 23예 중 19예(82.6%)에서 척추관 협착증이 동반되었고, 4예(17.4%)에서는 후관절 낭종이 독립적으로 존재하였다. 이 중 7예(30.4%)에서 불안정성과 전방 전위가 동반되었다. 낭종의 발생은 제4-5 요추간(69.6%)이 가장 많았으며 이환된 병변측의 후관절이 반대측에 비하여 심한 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 후관절 각도는 좌 우측에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 해당 분절의 추간판은 17예(69.6%)에서 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 임상적 결과는 수술 후 2년 추시 양호하였다. 결론: 낭종의 발생과 퇴행성 변화는 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 후관절 낭종과 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환에서 광범위 감압술 및 유합술이 좋은 임상적 결과을 얻어 유용한 술식으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

A prevalence study was carried out on 847 CMD patients who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine in Pusan National University from 1990 to 1993. To obtain the same type of information, all subjects were interviewed and examined clinically using a standardized examination form, The ratio of women to men was about 3:1 and all subjects were divided into acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months of duration. Diagnostic groups consisted of muscle disorder, joint disorder and muscle-joint disorder. As related to gender, duration and diagnosis subjective and objective symptoms in CMD were studied. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Muscle-joint disorder had the highest percent, followed by muscle disorder and joint disorder. 2. The most common reasons for CMD treatment were pain, joint noise and limited opening, while headache and neckache were relatively often reported as associated symptoms and dizziness, ringing in the ears also reported as secondary CNS excitatory effects. 3. Pain was more ofter seen in women, acute group and muscle-related disorder groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Noise was significantly frequent in chronic group and joint-related groups (p<0.01). 4. Analysis of contributing factors presented that macrotrauma was found frequently in men (p<0.05), and that muscle-related groups were more related to stress than joint disorder grop (p<0.05). 5. Hard end feel was seen significantly often in joint-related disorder group (p<0.05). On the other hand, soft end feel was frequent in muscle disorder. 6. Reciprocal clicks and crepitation increased with chronicity. Subjects with joint-related disorder groups significantly often reported all kinds of noises (p<0.01). 7. Tender muscles and joints were more often reported in women and chronic group. Whereas muscle-related disorder groups revealed significantly more tender muscles (p<0.01). joint-related disorder groups presented significantly more tender joints (p<0.01).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate age-stratified radiographic features in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: In total, 210 joints from 183 patients(144 females, 39 males, ranging from 12 to 88 years old with a mean age of 44.75±19.97 years) diagnosed with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis were stratified by age. Mandibular condyle position and bony changes (flattening, erosion, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral pseudocysts in both the condyle and articular eminence, thickening of the glenoid fossa, joint space narrowing, and joint loose bodies) were evaluated through cone-beam computed tomography. After adjusting for sex, the association between age groups and radiographic findings was analyzed using both a multiple regression model and a multinomial logistic regression model(α=0.05). Results: The prevalence of joint space narrowing and protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa significantly increased with age (P<0.05). The risks of bony changes, including osteophytes and subchondral pseudocysts in the condyle; flattening, erosion, osteophyte, and subchondral sclerosis in the articular eminence; joint loose bodies; and thickening of the glenoid fossa, also significantly rose with increasing age (P<0.05). The number of radiographic findings increased with age; in particular, the increase was more pronounced in the temporal bone than in the mandibular condyle (P<0.05). Conclusion: Increasing age was associated with a higher frequency and greater diversity of bony changes in the temporal bone, as well as a protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa, resulting in noticeable joint space narrowing in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.400-404
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• 1997

This paper presents spatial relationshaps and engineering features for the feature based modeling of Sheet Metal Weld Assemblies (SMWA) that are made of sheet metal components through are welding processes. Spatial relationships in ProMod-S, a sheet metal product modeler,are further extended for the SMWA modeling. Some spatial relationships for special weld joint types are newly introduced. The geometrical and topological relations between spatial reationship, mating features, and assembly features are defined. Finally, assembly data stucturess for the product modeling of SMWA are proposed. They are an engineering relation to represent the constraints between component features, and a mating bond to integrate component design information.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 두 가지 복합재료의 플라이를 부분적 또는 전체적으로 적층하여 접합시킨 플라이 오버랩 조인트 구조의 기하학적 특징을 이용하여 응력-수명(S-N) 선도 및 피로 수명을 예측하는 기법을 제안한다. 구조의 피로 특성에 영향을 주는 기하학적 특징을 변수로 선정하였다. 기하학적 변수와 복합재 피로 모델인 Epaarachchi-Clausen 모델을 구성하는 재료상수의 관계를 분석하여 두 요소의 관계식을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법의 예측 정확도 검증을 위해서 CFRP/GFRP 플라이 오버랩 조인트의 피로 수명을 예측하였다. 예측된 수명과 시험 데이터 기반 모델로 얻은 수명을 실제 수명에 비교하였다. 또한, 예측된 S-N 선도의 결정 계수를 계산함으로써 높은 예측 정확도를 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2068-2082
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• 2023

With the rapid development of deep learning, Depth Map Super-Resolution (DMSR) method has achieved more advanced performances. However, when the upsampling rate is very large, it is difficult to capture the structural consistency between color features and depth features by these DMSR methods. Therefore, we propose a color-image guided DMSR method based on iterative depth feature enhancement. Considering the feature difference between high-quality color features and low-quality depth features, we propose to decompose the depth features into High-Frequency (HF) and Low-Frequency (LF) components. Due to structural homogeneity of depth HF components and HF color features, only HF color features are used to enhance the depth HF features without using the LF color features. Before the HF and LF depth feature decomposition, the LF component of the previous depth decomposition and the updated HF component are combined together. After decomposing and reorganizing recursively-updated features, we combine all the depth LF features with the final updated depth HF features to obtain the enhanced-depth features. Next, the enhanced-depth features are input into the multistage depth map fusion reconstruction block, in which the cross enhancement module is introduced into the reconstruction block to fully mine the spatial correlation of depth map by interleaving various features between different convolution groups. Experimental results can show that the two objective assessments of root mean square error and mean absolute deviation of the proposed method are superior to those of many latest DMSR methods.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

This study examined the differences in spatio-temporal parameters, joint angle, ground reaction force (GRF), and joint power according to the changes of gait speed for trans-tibial amputees to investigate the features of the energy-storing foot for sports. The subjects walked at normal speed and at fast speed, wearing a single-axis type foot (Korec) and an energy-storing foot for sports (Renegade) respectively. The results showed that Renegade yielded faster gait speed as well as more symmetric gait pattern, compared to Korec. However, as gait speed was increased, there was no significant difference in kinematics, ground reaction force, and joint power between two artificial foots. This was similar to the results from previous studies regarding the energy-storing foot, where the walking velocity and gait symmetry have been improved. Nevertheless, the result of this study differed from the previous ones which reported that joint angle, joint power, and GRF increased as the gait speed increased except spatio-temporal parameters.