• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2014

본 연구는 시공단계 BIM 도입과 관련된 문헌고찰을 통해 문제점을 파악하고, 전문가 면담 및 현장실무자 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 실질적인 BIM 활성화 방안을 제시하는 것을 목표로 한다. 현행 BIM을 통한 시공성 분석 및 검토 관련 연구는 개념 정립과 업무 프로세스 등의 규명과 적용에 관한 연구가 대부분이며, 실질적인 건설프로젝트 현장실무자를 위한 연구는 진행된 바가 없음에 본 연구는 기 연구방식과의 차별화된 점이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 현재 국내 건설 기술자들의 BIM 도입 시공성 분석에 대한 필요성 및 BIM을 도입해 수행했으면 하는 시공성 분석 업무 분야의 세부적 내용, 그리고 기존의 시공성 분석 업무에 대한 문제점을 개선하고 효율적인 업무수행을 위한 대안으로 BIM을 적용한 시공성 분석방안을 이론적으로 조사하고, 도출된 사항을 현장 실무자 대상 설문조사를 통해 실질적인 현장적용 우선순위인 공종간 간섭체크 및 시각화에 대한 내용을 도출하였다. 또한 도출된 내용을 적용한 개선된 시공성 검토 프로세스를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 건설현장 BIM 도입을 위한 현장실무자 관점 BIM 기능 요소 도출, 프로세스 개선 및 협업도구에 초점을 맞추어 진행하였으므로, 향후 현장실무자 관점 BIM 기반 시공성 분석 협업체계에 대한 프로세스 정립 및 공사 관리를 위한 견적 공정 시뮬레이션 업무 프로세스 정립과 BIM 저작도구를 전면적 개선이 아닌 부분적 개선을 통한 BIM 도입 현장적용 방안에 대한 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 파악되어진다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 1994

대다수 농산물과 마찬가지로 건조표고의 등급판정은 외관특징에 주로 의존한다. 표고 갓의 전후면에 걸친 복잡하고 다양한 외관특징들로 인하여 표고의 등급판정은 임의로 추출한 표고샘플에 대하여 전문가가 수작업으로 판정하고 있으며, 선별작업 역시 전적으로 수작업에 의존하고 있다. 단순한 반복작업으로 보이는 농산물의 등급판정은 사실 시각과 촉각을 위시한 고도의 감각신경계를 통하여 상호 복잡하게 얽혀 들어오는 정보를 지능적으로 처리하는 고기능의 작업이다. 농산물의 경우, 외관특성을 비롯한 물성은 종류별로 그 경계치를 일괄적으로 명확하게 규정할 수 없기 때문에 대개는 오차를 포함한 통계적 접근에 의하여 규정하고 있다. 따라서 농산작업에 있어서는 농산물 물성이 갖는 모호성을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 가변적인 작업구조 및 정보처리가 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 인간 뇌의 정보처리 기능을 부분적으로 구현할 수 있는 인공신경회로망을 컴퓨터 시각 시스템에 적용하여 단순 기하도형의 분류 및 표고의 등급판정을 성공적으로 수행하였다. 회로망 입력으로는 컴퓨터시각 시스템을 이용하여 건조표고의 정성적 외관특징을 자동으로 추출한 후 정량화한 특징점 값들을 이용하였다. 신경회로망의 학습은 표본 추출한 등급표고와 이들의 정량적 특징점 값들을 입출력 쌍으로 하여 수행하였다. 학습한 회로망의 등급판정 성능시험은 표본추출한 미지의 표고에 대한 컴퓨터 영상 특징점 값들을 입력하여 수행하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

The aim of this paper was to prove that if the risk level in combined tasks was improved through evaluation of postural load of liquid weight measurement process, the workload level and ratio of exposure time would be changed, and the time of process would be seen concurrently. Background: According to results of epidemiological studies conducted by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 122 musculoskeletal disorders occurred during 1992 to 2008, in which manufacturing industry covers 96(78.7%) of total. However, this is an insufficient level and only occupies 39% based on the South Korea's manufacturing standard industrial classification(246 industries). Method: Firstly, the number of batches weighed on one day(460min) was investigated based on the work performed and Weight measured weekly. VCR recording was taken based on the level of liquid ingredients prescribed for 1batch using the Camcorder. After dividing a 356 sec video into 1 sec using the screen capture function in Gom player, the job classification was performed by analyzing the change of working postures, which revealed 148 working postures. Time measurement was decided by time of the postures was being maintained. Then, the REBA analysis was performed for the working postures. The ratio of Exposure time was calculated based on the measurement time and REBA Score. In addition, the recommendations were designed and implementation was carried out for the working postures with REBA Score higher than 3. Finally, after the intervention, REBA measurement, time measurement, and ratio of exposure time were calculated for the comparison of works before and after improvement. Results: The number of work elements was decreased by 30.4% from 148 to 103 after improvement. The results of time measurement showed that the time was reduced by 46.3% from 356 sec to 191 sec. And the ratio of exposure time was also improved by 52.1% from 0% to 52.1% after improvement. Conclusion: The reduction of time was found to improve the productivity of management. Furthermore, because the reduction of ratio of exposure time and the improvement of workload level are the improvement of discomfort, it would contribute to the improvement of the worker's psychological working posture. Application: These results would contribute to musculoskeletal disease prevention and management performance. Further studies for other industries would be needed based on this case study.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.606-619
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to examine the state of customized visiting oral health programs in a bid to help facilitate the unified operation of the programs and the development of required guidelines. Methods : The subjects in this study were 49 dental hygienists who were professionals responsible for customized visiting health care programs across the nation. Results : 1. Regarding the form of employment of the dental hygienists were investigated many contract and daily workers. 2. As to the possession of equipment necessary for visiting oral health programs, denture cleaners(12.2%) were most widely possessed in some regions, followed by mobile scalers(10.2%) and mobile suctions(8.2%). In terms of expendable devices and materials, dental mirrors, pincettes and explorers were the most widely possessed dental checkup devices, and the most widely possessed oral hygiene supplies were toothbrushes, interdental brushes and denture cleaners. Those devices and materials were in more possession than the other types of devices and materials. The most widely possessed equipment for educational purpose was laptop computers, followed by beam projectors and screens. The most widely possessed teaching materials were dentiform, followed by CD-ROMs. 3. Those whom they visited the most for oral health care service were elderly people, followed by the disabled and patients with chronic diseases. The dental hygienists who went out to visit those people outnumbered the others who stayed at public health centers. Concerning the types of visiting oral health care service, the most prevalent service provided to the elderly included denture cleaning/management, oral massage and preventive treatment against dental caries. The most dominant service provided to the disabled involved education of the oral health care act, preventive treatment against dental caries and toothbrushing by professionals. The most common service offered to patients with chronic diseases was education of the oral health care act and oral health education. The dental hygienists paid a visit to a mean of 5.8 households a day. The average weekly number of households cared by the dental hygienists was 27.3. It took a mean of 37.1 minutes for them to take care of each household. 4. As for satisfaction level with the implementation of the visiting oral health programs, they expressed the greatest satisfaction at teamwork with professionals($3.56{\pm}0.94$), followed by the professionalism of their work($3.21{\pm}0.94$) and workload($3.08{\pm}0.94$). Their satisfaction level with the work conditions required for creative job performance($2.75{\pm}0.98$) and partnership with other institutions($2.64{\pm}1.03$) was below 3.0. In regard to the impact of their characteristics, marital status made a statistically significant difference to satisfaction level with workload. The unmarried dental hygienists were more pleased with their workload than the married ones(p<0.05). 5. As to needs for education for professionalism improvement, they asked for education about visiting oral health care skills the most, followed by education about oral health care for patients with chronic diseases, education of planning/evaluation and education of oral health care for the disabled. Conclusions : The top priority for the vitalization of the programs was the procurement of budget, followed by the procurement of equipment and educational media and the procurement of human resources.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to manage to reformative tendency of the educational whole with change request of dental hygienics education which is diversificated and professionalized the manufacturing practice of a temporary resin jacket which is educated with from much dental hygiene is become accomplished, so far also the recognition which relates with the manufacturing practice of a temporary resin jacket of dental hygiene students there is not researched. The present research carried out the practice evaluation with the target of students of a dental hygiene department, who finished a manufacturing practice of a temporary resin jacket, analyzed and investigated the material, reported its result, and enforced a research. Methods : This research selected students of 6 dental hygiene departments located in the Daegu Gyeongbuk region, who have manufacturing experience of a temporary resin jacket, by a convenient sampling method, and then a questionnaire was executed by a self-administration method, and a total of 290 copies were statistically treated. The content of the questionnaire are composed of 2 questions on an attitude survey before and after manufacturing practice of a temporary resin jacket, 3 questions on an educator for practice of a temporary resin jacket, 7 questions on recognition of technical skills for manufacturing a temporary resin jacket, 9 questions on the practice content evaluation of manufacturing of a temporary resin jacket and recognition on manufacturing practice of a the temporary resin jacket. Results : 1. The average of recognition on technical skills for manufacturing a temporary resin jacket of a dental hygienist was 3.82 points, the average of evaluation on practice content of manufacturing a temporary resin jacket being 3.75 points, and the average of recognition on the practice of manufacturing a temporary resin jacket was 3.71 points. 2. Currently, as the educator for the practice of manufacturing a temporary resin jacket, dental hygienists were 188 persons(64.8%) and dental technicians was 102 persons(35.2%), and as educators they want in the future, dental hygienists were 97 persons(33.3%) and dental technicians was 193 persons(66.7%). Persons hoping reeducation for manufacturing a temporary resin jacket were 219 persons(85.9%). 3. There was a significant difference in consciousness of students before and after practice of manufacturing a temporary resin jacket(p<.001). 4. There was a significant difference in practice evaluation and practice recognition according to the educational subject(p<.001). 5. There was a significant reverse correlation in the educational subject, practice evaluation and practice recognition(p<0.01). Conclusions : The practice for manufacturing a temporary resin jacket in education of dental hygiene is necessary to improve job performance ability in more various and specialized dental treatment and to solve desire for improvement of professional technical skill ability of students, and accordingly. About study process of the future students observation investigation or student objective interview investigation etc. seeks a problem in the become research lead, the succeeding research which gropes the plan which is the possibility of solving the problem which discovered is thought will be necessary.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to make dental technicians recognize the importance of their professional self-concept, and to provide basic data to devise the educational programs and policies of establishing their positive professional self-concept. In addition, the investigator tried to present some improvement measures for dental technicians' actual services by examining their job satisfaction. Study findings are as follows: First, the score of study subjects' self-concept is 3.41($\pm$.58) (perfect score=5), middle or high in rank. As for the mean score of professional self-concept by realms, the self-concept of communication is 3.59($\pm$.67), the highest; the self-concept of leadership in the realm of professional service is 3.54($\pm$.75); the self-concept of skills is 3.50($\pm$.75); the self-concept of adaptability is 3.47($\pm$.69); and the recognizant level of satisfactory self-concept is 2.95($\pm$.81), below the normal. Second, as for the difference of professional self-concept according to general characteristics, such variables as age, marital states, and the length of one's service have a significant influence upon the recognition of self-concept. First, the self-concept of those whose age is between 31 and 35 is the highest (3.64$\pm$.49), and it is followed by that of those whose age is 36 and above (3.57$\pm$.77) and then that of those whose age is between 26 and 30 (3.31$\pm$.56)). And that of those whose age is below 25 is the lowest. The obove results show us that the professional self-concept of older study subjects is higher than that of younger ones in general(p<.01). As for marital states, that of married persons(3.54$\pm$.64) is higher than that of unmarried ones(3.35$\pm$.55)(p<.05). As for the length of one's service, that of longtime employees is higher than that of short-period workers(p<.01). In relation to positions, a manager's professional self-concept is the highest(3.89$\pm$.55) and that of an assistant technician is the lowest(3.17$\pm$.58). Study findings show that the professional self-concept of higher ranking technicians is higher than that of lower ones in general (p<.001). Based on the study findings, the investigator suggests followings: First, studies on the professional self-concept that is appropriate to the characteristics of dental technicians must be carried out with a new point of view. Second, a tool must be researched and developed in order for the professional self-concept of dental technicians to be measured. Third, if a new professional self-concept is established and a measuring tool is developed, a study on the relationship between dental technicians' professional self-concept and practice performance can be carried out again.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Purpose - In the insurance distribution channel, the salespeople plays a role of representing the company, and recognizes the needs of the customers and plays a role in responding to them. Therefore, their turnover can have a great influence on the company performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between salespeople's personal - environmental fit and organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted a self-filling questionnaire for salespeople for about one month from July 24, 2017 to August 30, 2017. The subjects of the questionnaire were the insurance salespeople who work in the sales line such as K life, S fire. A total of 450 copies were distributed and 432 copies of the questionnaire were used for final analysis. The analysis program used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Analysis method was Frequency Analysis, Reliability & Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM). Results - As a result of Hypothesis 1, Person-Supervisor Fit had significant influence only on Continuance Commitment. Person-Job Fit did not have a significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Person-Coworker Fit had a significant effect on Continuance Commitment and Affective Commitment. Person-Organization Fit had a significant impact on Affective Commitment. Therefore, only , , , , were adopted. As a result of Hypothesis 2, Continuance Commitment had a significant effect on turnover intention. Therefore, only was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is necessary to manage the human resources in the sales field through studies related to salespeople's extension of the research scope and salespeople's turnover intention. Based on the results of this study, the conclusion suggests some implications for the efficient human resources management of insurance companies in sales channels. It is expected that it will be helpful for the salespeople to find out what kind of Person-Environment Fit affects the organizational commitment and how to manage the organizational commitment among the three dimensions of organizational commitment to reduce turnover intention.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2000

목적 자기공명 스펙트럼 데이터의 처리 및 분석을 특정 workstation이 아닌 일반 PC의 windows 운영체제에서 동작할 수 있도록 GUI(Graphical User Interface)기반의 Spectroscopy 분석용 도구를 개발하였다. 대상 및 방법 S/W의 개발은 MATLAB(Mathwork사 미국)을 이용하여 PC의 window운영 체제에서 GUI 기반으로 동작하게 하였다. 시간 영역의 raw data와 주파수 영역의 spectrum data를 동시에 display할 수 있게 하였으며 Zero filling, 여러 종류의 filtering, 위상보정, FFT, peak area 측정 등의 기능을 갖추었다. 또한, 1.5T Gyroscan ACS-NT R6(Philips, Amsterdam, Netherland)의 $^1H$ Spectroscopy 패키지를 이용하여 정상인 뇌의 Parietal white matter, Basal ganglia, Occipital grey matter 영역에서 얻은 $^1$H MRS data를 정성 .정량적으로 분석하여 타 기종에서 얻어 발표된 $^1H$ MRS data와 비교분석하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에서 개발된 S/W를 이용하여 정상인 뇌에서 $^1H$ MRS data를 processing한 결과 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr 비율은 TE를 달리하였을 때, 유의수준 5%에서 Parietal white matter(PWM)의 NAA/Cr peak ratio를 제외하고 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 기존에 발표된 문헌과 비교할 때 다른 MR장치의 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr 값들에 비해 평균값과 표준편차가 전반적으로 10-50%의 큰 값을 나타내었다. 결론 : 정상인 뇌에서 세 부위에 대하여 $^1H$ MRS를 얻고 이에 대한 정성.정량 분석을 함으로써 MRS를 임상적으로 적용하기 위한 준비를 하였으며 이러한 작업을 PC에서 독립적으로 수행함으로서 MRI system의 작업효율을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 서로 다른 기종간에는 유의한 차이가 있으므로 정상인에 대한 MRS database를 구축한 후에 $^1H$ MRS를 임상에 적용해야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.827-849
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• 2017

미국의 복지제도의 사회복지정책에서 종종 사용되는 자활(self-sufficiency; SS)은 사회복지학 분야에서 중요한 개념이며 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 이러한 연구들 중에는 심리적 자활(phycological SS; PSS)를 구성하는 자립 의지 척도(employment hope scale; EHS)와 인지된 고용 장벽 척도(perceived employment barrier scale, PEBS)가 미국의 저소득 구직자들의 경제적 자활(economic self-sufficiency; ESS)에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구도 있다. 이러한 연구는 일반적으로 설문조사 자료를 이용하여 수행되며, 사회과학분야에서 설문조사 자료는 주로 구조방정식모형(structural equation model; SEM)으로 분석된다. 설문조사 자료에서는 일반적으로 측정변수의 개수가 많고 변수들 간에 상관관계가 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 이러한 경우 주성분 분석(principal component analysis; PCA)을 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 사회과학 분야에서 주로 다루는 설문조사 자료를 SEM과 PCA를 사용하여 분석하였을 경우 그 결과를 비교하는 것이다. 우리는 두 가지 분석 방법의 성능을 모의실험을 통하여 비교하였다. 우리는 또한 PSS와 ESS에 대한 실제 설문조사 자료를 이 두 가지 분석 방법으로 분석하고 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 요양병원 간호사의 통증관리 지식, 태도, 수행정도를 파악하여 추후 요양병원 통증관리 교육을 설계하는데 기초자료로 활용하고자 실시되었다. 방법: 본 연구는 4개 요양병원에서 근무하는 간호사 120명을 대상으로 한 횡단적 조사연구이다. 통증관리 지식과 통증관리 태도는 원래 연구도구는 Watt-Watson이 개발한 도구를 사용하였고, 통증관리 수행정도는 요양병원에서의 통증관리 가이드라인들을 근거로 연구자가 개발하여 사용하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과 통증관리 지식은 40점 만점 평균 26.2점이었다. 가장 많이 틀린 문항은 통증의 주관성에 대한 항목으로 '통증에 따르는 환자의 생리적, 행동적 반응을 보고 통증의 유무와 강도를 파악할 수 있다(89.2%)'였고, 56.7%는 내성의 증가는 마약성 진통제 중독을 의미한다고 생각하였다. 통증관리 태도와 실무에 관해서는, 80.2%가 통증을 자주 호소하는 환자에게 위약을 사용한다고 하였고, 위약사용은 간호사가 두 번째로 자주 사용하는 통증관리 방법이었다. 결론: 본 연구는 요양병원 간호사의 통증관리 지식이 낮고 태도가 부적절한 것으로 나타났고, 이는 통증관리 실무에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 요양병원 간호사들에게 통증관리 교육, 특히 통증의 속성과 위약남용에 대한 교육이 시급하다.