• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

Two species of the family Gorgoderidae (Trematode: Digenea) . Gorgonerc japonica Yamaguti, 1936 and Gorgoderinc bombince Yu & Lee, 1983 were collected from the urinary bladder of frogs captured from various localities in Korea. The morphology of each species is described and illustrated. Gorgodera japonica differs from G. cygnoides by having deeply branched vitellaria. Gorgodera bombince is considered a valid species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.312-316
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• 2009

In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of 80% ethanol extracts from 120 kinds of medicinal herbs and native plants were investigated. Among them, the barks of Melia azedarach L. var. japonica Makino showed the highest cytotoxicity in HCT-15 human colon cancer cell. With this result, we carried out hollow fiber (HF) assay and anti-metastasis study to confirm the anti-cancer effects of M. azedarach var. japonica. In MTT assay, M. azedarach var. japonica.inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells in dose-dependent manner. HF assay was carried out using A549 human adenocarcinoma cell, HCT-15 and SK-Hep1 human liver cancer cell via intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SC) site. As a results, SK-Hep1 implanted in IP site showed the highest cytotoxicity. The result from metastatic model using B16/BL6 mouse corresponded to that of HF assay. These results suggest that the ethanol extract from M. azedarach var. japonica. might have a potent anti-cancer activity and advanced study is needed for the development of novel natural anti-cancer drug.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 1999

Rice production in Korea has markedly increased during the last two decades due to newly developed high yielding varieties and improved production technology. This experiment was conducted to determine the potential of tropical japonica germplasm in enhancing the yield of temperate japonica. The yield performance of two tropical japonicas (IR 65597-29-3-2 and IR66154-52-1-2) and one temperate japonica (Dongjinbyeo) was compared at different plant densities and nitrogen levels under Korean environmental conditions. Although tropical japonicas showed low tillering habit and large panicles, they had similar leaf area index and dry weight at heading stage to Dongjinbyeo of the high tillering type indicating that there was not much difference between tropical and temperate japonica in terms of biomass production. The highest milled rice yield of 6.15 t/ha was obtained from Dongjinbyeo at a high nitrogen level with less planting density (220 kg N/ha and 30 $\times$ 15 cm). However, those of the two tropical japonicas were 5.36 t/ha at the condition of 165 kg N/ha and 30 x 10 cm planting density and 5.06 t/ha at the condition of 165kgN/ha and 15 x 15 cm planting density, respectively. Ripened grain of tropical japonicas ranged from 65 to 87%, while that Dongjinbyeo ranged from 82 to 97% under Korean conditions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2014

A natural colorant was extracted from Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica and gromwell as extractants. Studies have been made on the effects of the kind of extracts and dyeing/mordanting conditions on colorimetric changes of ramie fabrics. The color of fabrics tended to become darker as the numbers of dyeing process and mordanting process increased using three kinds of extracts. As the numbers of dyeing and mordanting increased, the ramie fabrics gradually increased to show reddish and bluish signs using Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica, and gromwell extracts(500ml and 1,000ml). In the case of 1,500ml of gromwell extracts, the ramie fabrics showed the color with more redness and yellowness. Color difference (${\Delta}E$) of dyed and mordanted fabrics increased as the numbers of dyeing and mordanting processes increased. The apparent colors of ramie fabrics using Acer ginnala were Y and GY. The Alnus japonica extracts produced Y and GY colors on ramie fabrics. With varying amount of gromwell extracts, the colors of dyed and mordanted fabrics were R, YR, GY, G, PB, P and RP, however, the main color was PB. It was concluded that the extracts of Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica and gromwell can be used as a natural dye producing black colors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

Ruminal degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) in fresh leaves of two Japanese native grasses (Zoysia japonica and Miscanthus sinensis) and one sown temperate grass (Dactylis glomerata) were investigated by an in sacco method in spring (mid-May), summer (mid-July) and autumn (mid-September). Japanese native grasses had higher NDF and lower CP concentrations than D. glomerata, and the CP concentration in native grasses decreased in autumn. Ruminal degradability of DM, NDF and CP was lower in native grasses than in D. glomerata (p<0.05) in all seasons. DM and NDF degradability decreased in summer for Z. japonica and D. glomerata, while it decreased in autumn for M. sinensis. CP degradability in Z. japonica was constant throughout the seasons, whereas that in M. sinensis greatly decreased in summer and autumn (p<0.05). It was concluded that Z. japonica could stably supply ruminally digestible nutrients for grazing animals in Japanese native pasture. However, the degradation characteristics of freshly chopped native grasses did not fit the exponential model of $D=a+b(1-e^{-ct})$ proposed by Ørskov and McDonald.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 1987

Understanding grain filling characteristics represented by grain filling duration and grain filling rate is import-ant in improving higher yielding varieties and developing better cultural methods of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Recently developed 6 Japonica and 6 Japonica/Indica varieties were grown under 3 nitrogen levels at Experimental Farm of Chungbuk National University in 1986. The range of grain filling duration of 12 varieties was 20.9-39.0 days, while grain filling rate ranged from 53.8 to 136.6 mg. panicle$^{-1}$. day$^{-1}$. Although the difference of the average grain filling duration between Japonica varieties and Japonica/Indica was less than 4 days, the average grain filling rate of Japonica/lndica varieties was greater than Japonica more than 30%. Samgangbyeo showed the shortest grain filling duration of 21.0-24.2 days and the greatest grain filling rate of 119.3-143.8 mgㆍpanicle$^{-1}$. day$^{-1}$ under 3 nitrogen levels, while Seomjinbyeo and Milyang 23 showed the quite opposite grain filling characteristics. Nitrogen levels did not show any significant effects on grain filling characteristics. Negative correlation was round between grain filling duration and grain filling rate, and significant positive correlations of grain filling rate with grains/panicle, grain weight and panicle weight indicated that grain filling rate is more important characteristics of grain filling. Pathway analysis revealed that contribution of grain filling rate to panicle weight is rather indirect through grain weight.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1991

In an effort to make it possible to cultivate Coptis japonica in Korea, the environmental and ecological conditions allowing the wild growth and distribution of Coptis sp. in Japan were investigated. The environmental conditions of the culture yard and the culture methods of C. japonica were also investigated. From these studies, it was concluded that the cultivation of C. japonica requires a well-drained sandy soil, $pH\;4.5{\sim}5.5$, which is facing North or Northwest. The area suitable for the cultivation of C. japonica should have rainfall of $1,000{\sim}1,500mm$ per year, be covered with snow for $30{\sim}60$ days in the winter, and be blocked $40{\sim}70%$, of the sun shine. These findings suggest that in korea the cultivation of C. japonica may be possible in the areas ranging from Sock-cho to Kang-neung, Mt. Odae, Mt. Taebaek and Mt. Sobaek where is chill and much moisturous in summer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 2009

The dietary fiber and crude fiber contents of different thallus regions (blade, stipe, and holdfast) in three brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Ecklonia stolonifera, and E. cava) were detennined at different ages, and then compared with one another. On a dry matter basis, the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content was highest ($10.8{\pm}0.5%$) in the holdfast of 2-year old L. japonica, and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), and crude fiber (CF) contents were highest in the holdfast of 2-year old E. cava at $44.5{\pm}0.7%$, $50.2{\pm}0.5%$, $6.8{\pm}0.7%$, respectively. The IDF, TDF, and CF contents of these three species were measured in the following order: holdfast > stipe > blade, and the SDF contents of L. japonica exhibited the reverse of this trend. The TDF/CF ratio of 1-year old L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava was greater than was observed in the corresponding 2-year old samples. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report demonstrating that the holdfasts of L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava are rich in dietary fiber contents, especially IDF, TDF, and CF.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.707-713
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• 2017

Saccharina japonica is a type of seaweed rich in dietary fiber, iodine, calcium, and selenium. We investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of gruel made with S. japonica powder, and identified the best ratio of powder to gruel to maximize its health effects. The gruel was prepared with rice, glutinous rice, GABA (${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid)-enriched sea tangle fermented in lactic acid (0.3%), and various amounts (0-10% gruel volume) of S. japonica powder. The pH, color, viscosity, spreadability, antioxidant activities, and sensory evaluation of the gruel were investigated. Spreadability and pH decreased, whereas viscosity and antioxidant activities increased, with increasing powder content. In addition, color lightness decreased significantly, whereas redness and yellowness increased. In sensory tests, color, aroma, and texture were rated highest for gruel with 5% powder. On the other hand, flavor and overall acceptability were considered optimal in gruel with 7% powder.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.278-283
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• 2010

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important inflammation enzyme and severe up-nitric oxide (NO) production by this enzyme has been intricate with pathogenesis of atopy dermatitis. The present study was designed in order to determine whether Lonicera japonica could inhibit atopy dermatitis through modulation of iNOS by NF-${\kappa}B$ suppression. We found that IKK mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide dose-dependantly decreased by Lonicera japonica (0.4 - 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$) and NO production decreased. The distribution of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS positive reacted cell in NC/Nga mice with atopy dermatitis were decreased by Lonicera japonica (45 mg/kg/day) and apoptosis were increased. These data likely indicate that Lonicera japonica may act as inflammatory regulator for atopy dermatitis through iNOS modulation by NF-${\kappa}B$B suppression and may be possible to develop useful agent for chemoprevention of NO intricate inflammatory diseases.