• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2003

The feature tenseness has long been a controversial issue. Many scholars have hardly accepted tenseness as a distinctive feature, due to the absence of its consistent and objective phonetic evidence especially in English. Instead, they claim that voicing is the primary feature and even say that no other feature can-be independent of voicing. However, voicing feature does not explain everything and significant aerodynamic and physiological correlates of the feature tenseness have been reported in English as well as in some other languages that have the tense/lax distinction in their obstruents. It is suggested that voicing is a simple and direct feature while tenseness is a complex and indirect feature and its autonomy as a distinctive feature should be acknowledged. This will enable us to describe the phonetic reality more properly across languages as well as in individual languages.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2007

Amino acids of histone tail are covalently modified in eukaryotic cells. Lysine residues in histone H3 and H4 are methylated at three levels; mono-, di- or trimethylation. Methylation in histones is related with transcription of the genes in distinct pattern depending on lysine residues and methylated levels. Relation between transcription and methylation has been relatively well understood at three lysines H3K4, H3K9 and H3K36. H3K4 is methylated in active or potentially active chromatin and its methylation associates with active transcription. H3K9 is generally methylated in heterochromatin or repressed gene, but trimethylation of this lysine occur in actively transcribed genes also. Methylation at H3K36 generally correlates with active chromatin/transcription, but the correlation of its dimethylation with transcription is controversial. All together methylation patterns of individual lysine residues in histone relate with activation or repression of transcription and may provide distinctive roles in transcriptional regulation of the eukaryotic genes.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

This research, as a study of the documentary records, examined the process of men\`s wear development year by year, looking into the newspapers which show objectively social phenomena in those days. The outcomes therefrom were classified according to the important factors of dress and ornaments\` modeling i. e. style, color, pattern, material, ornamentation method. And then, the process of men\`s wear transition was analyzed based on the aforesaid examination with its classification. The above analyses revealed that a transition of a dress and ornaments closely correlates with a social and cultural change and also meant that the dress and ornaments symbolizes the social phenomena in those days. Thanks to the holding of Seoul Olympic Games in 1988, Korean society had tremendously grown with rapid changes in its politics, economy and culture. Also, men\`s wear type became innovative, breaking from the existing orthodox one due to the transition of men\`s viewpoints on value and their lives\` style.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2000

In this paper, I investigate the acoustic correlates of a vowel's coarticulatory dynamics manifested in preceding and following consonants along two dimensions of the vocal tract: place of articulation and degree of constriction. Two dimensional coarticulation is not necessarily executed either concomitantly or proportionally, and the modification induced by coarticulation with a vowel in CVC structures is merely restricted to the CV portion; that is, the prevocalic consonant is modified solely in its constriction location. This is consistent with the observation that C-to-V place assimilation does not accompany consonant lenition in phonology, which suggests that phonetic nature is effectively reflected in phonological patterns.

• Strategy21
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• 통권45호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2019

1997년 Issue Correlates of War(ICOW) 프로젝트 시작 이후 해양관할권 분쟁에 대한 정량적 연구가 미국을 중심으로 활발하게 진행되었다. 이러한 정량적 연구는 일부 해양관할권 분쟁 중심의 사례 연구에 비해 많은 해양관할권 분쟁을 연구 범위에 포함하고 있고, 통계적 오류를 최소화하기 위해 다양한 통계기법을 적용함으로써 광범위한 사례에 적용될 수 있는 일반화된 연구결과를 도출하고 있다. 이번 연구는 ICOW 데이터를 바탕으로 해양관할권 분쟁을 정량적으로 연구한 결과를 분석한 후 독도 문제에 적용될 수 있는 요소를 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 독도 문제의 평화적 관리 및 해결에 어떤 전략이 효과적일지 설명하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1991

지금까지 시험불안을 진단하기 위해 여러 방법들이 동원되어 왔는데, 그 중 가장 널리 쓰이는 것은 자기보고에 의한 방법이다. Spielberger의 Test Anxiety Inventory(TAI)는 시험불안의 정서적, 인지적인 측면을 구분하여 측정할 수 있는 자기보고식 검사도구로서, 이를 우리나라 학생들에게 실시한 결과 그들의 시험불안 요인을 설명하기에 이 TAI 문항만으로는 적절하지 못하다고 판단되었다. 그리하여 우리나라 학생들을 개인별로 면담한 자료와 현재 사용되고 있는 기존의 검사문항을 추가시켜 문항분석을 통해서 25문항으로 이루어진 국민학생용과 35문항으로 된 중, 고등학생용을 완성하여 TAI-K라 정하였다. 이 TAI-K의 신뢰도 검증은 Cronbach's ${\alpha}와$ 2주 간격으로 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 통해서 이루어졌으며(국민학생용 : ${\alpha}=.90,$ 검사-재검사 신뢰도 : r=.78 ; 중, 고등학생용 : ${\alpha}=.94,$ r=.85), 타당도검증은 일반불안 척도들과 Self-esteem Scale, 성격요인 검사를 통해서 이루어졌다. 그 결과 시험불안은 일반불안과 정적상관이 높으며, Self-esteem과 부적상관을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors. Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision. Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

• 한국인구학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1985

There have been numerous studies in Korea and other countries of which the major hypotheses are identifying and dearibing the conditions under which the value of children has been formed. The present study proposes to view the formation of the value of children as a correlate of family's consumption-saving and work4eisure behavior pattern. The objectives of the proposed study are to identify the socio-economic and demographic factors determining the family's consumption-saving and work-leisure behavior pattern and to analyse the relationship between the value of children and this behavior pattern. The conceptual framwork of the analysis is that an individual family's socio-economic and demographic factors influence and shape the consumption-saving and work-leisure behaviors and these behaviors in turn influence and reflect the correlates and proximate determinants of the family'sfertility. In this paper, regression model is used to analyse the hypothesized relationship among the various variables. The regression methods used are first and second stage multiple regressions. In addition, MONOVA has been used to show the interactions. Data used are collected from the government publicactions. The major findings from this study are as follows: As the living Standard improves, n individual family's consumption of necessities and its working hours decline, while savings and leisure activities increase. The phenomena result in the fertility reduction as can be seen in the more developed conntries. Child-bearing and rearing activities are found to be the important component to determine the condumption-saving and work-leisure activies. The married women's labor participation, and the investment in education and health are also found to be the factors reducing fertility rate.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-141
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined correlates of residential proximity between parents and non-coresident married children. A majority of existing studies on intergenerational living arrangement has focused on exploring factors that are associated with intergenerational coresidence only, despite an increasing number of parents and children who do not live together but close by. Because residential proximity facilitates frequent contacts and support exchanges between the two generations, it is important to understand its correlates. Method: The data were drawn from first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA, 2006), a nationally representative sample of adults 45 years or older and their spouses. The analytic sample consisted of 3,950 parents with 10,946 non-coresident married children. Both regression with robust standard errors and sibling fixed effects regression models were estimated using the reg and xtreg procedures in STATA. Results: Younger, less depressed, and more physically impaired parents lived closer to at least one of their married children (within a 30-minute distance by public transportation). Fathers (compared to mothers), parents living in cities (compared to those living in rural areas), parents with at least one co-resident child or fewer numbers of married children tended to have at least one married child living nearby. With regard to child characteristics, married children who were less educated, homeowners, and had more children lived closer to their parents. Also, sons (compared to daughters) lived in closer distance to their parents. Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that intergenerational residential proximity may primarily be motivated by the childcare needs of married children or parents' needs for assistance with functional impairment. Also, the traditional patrilineal norms of intergenerational support may still be a critical factor in residential decisions as observed in the difference between married sons and daughters in proximity to their parents.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2023

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chromosome 4 open-reading frame 47 (C4orf47) has not been so far investigated for its prognostic value or association with infiltrating immune cells. We performed bioinformatics analysis on HCC data and analyzed the data using online databases such as TIMER, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, LinkedOmics, and GEPIA2. We found that C4orf47 expression in HCC was higher compared to normal tissues. High C4orf47 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in HCC. The correlation between C4orf47 and infiltrating immune cells is positively associated with CD4+T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in HCC. Moreover, high C4orf47 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis of infiltrating immune cells. Analysis of C4orf47 gene co-expression networks revealed that 12501 genes were positively correlated with C4orf47, whereas 7200 genes were negatively correlated. The positively related genes of C4orf47 are associated with a high hazard ratio in different types of cancer, including HCC. Regarding the biological functions of C4orf47 gene, it mainly regulates RNA metabolic process, DNA replication, and cell cycle. The C4orf47 gene may play a prognostic role by regulating the global transcriptome process in HCC. Our findings demonstrate that high C4orf47 expression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC. We suggest that C4orf47 is a novel prognostic biomarker and potential immune therapeutic target for HCC.