• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 2016

Background: The use of therapeutic materials based on new health technology has increased in recent years in the field of medicine, raising concerns for medical practitioners regarding increased spending on the new therapeutic materials amid the rapid population ageing and increase of chronic diseases in Korea. While therapeutic materials have significant importance in the health care system, they have not been given appropriate attention in the academic world of Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect the growth of expenditure on therapeutic materials and to derive implications for an effective management considering the diversity of therapeutic materials. Methods: Using the claims data of the National Health Insurance Services, specific utilization patterns of groups of therapeutic materials in the middle classification level of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2007 to 2014 were analyzed. Four categories (J5083: drug eluting coronary stent, D0302: nonmetallic anchor, K6014: gauze, K6023: gauze) that exhibit unique patterns with respect to price and volume were selected. Then, decomposition analysis was performed to identify the largest contributor to the spending growth by dividing the products into existing, new, and abandoned products for the period between 2010 and 2013. Results: The effect of new products had larger impact on spending growth than the effect of core items in drug eluting coronary stent (J5083) and nonmetallic anchor (D0302). In addition, existing products in general included items priced relatively lower when compared with another item manufactured by the same company. In the gauze category, however, existing products had the largest impact on expenditure and the effect of volume was greater than that in other categories. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that appropriate management measures classified by the characteristics of therapeutic materials are required for therapeutic materials pricing and reassessment in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.8 s.145
• /
• pp.1146-1157
• /
• 2005

As individual family has fewer children, market sectors targeting children's goods upgrade their products quality and price. Children's wear used to be for casual activity or going to school. Recently, occasions in which children are dressed up are getting increase, such as wedding, concert or family gathering. Therefore, the industry sector of formal wears for school boys are growing. The purpose of this study is to research and grading of formal wears for school boys to improve their fit and comfort. The selected items as formal wear were tailored jacket, tuxedo, tail coat and pants. Based on the grading increments of the industry, grading was done far 7 years and 11 years old school boy for each item. Like the pattern alteration, grading increments were tested and altered through wearing tests. The final increments were suggested as the 'researched grading increments'. The results and conclusions are: 1. Appropriate size allowance, ease amount and lengths for boys are different from those far adults. The difference should be applied for boy's wear. 2. Grading increments for an age group are different from other age group. For example increments of 7 from 9 are different from that of 11 from 9. It is because a certain part grows faster during a certain age whereas other part grows faster during different period. Therefore grading for children should reflect their growth rather than same size increments which is common in adult size chart.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to research and develop a Pattern of tight Pants, featuring excellent appearance, movement and suitability for the lower body, which are widely used as a basic item for modem dance, aerobic dance and dance sports, and to provide manufacturing data for the pants. This study was carried out with 118 People who majored in dance, using questionnaires asking questions about their understanding and preference of dancewear The experimental dancewear was produced, using 5 kinds of patterns for tight pants on the market, to find out the most excellent pattern in appearance and movement performance. Then, the most excellent pattern was again improved to produce a pattern for this study. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Regarding shops where they purchased dancewear exclusive shops accounted for 97%, their average price was ￦30,000 to ￦50,000(51%), and dancewear separated between the upper and lower halves was most preferred(56%). Cotton span was preferably used for a dancewear material(71%), and their dissatisfaction of a fit accounted for 38% which appeared to be highly unsatisfied with its suitability. 2. When S types of experimental dancewear prepared with a comparative pattern were tested by the senses, it was shown that the comparative pattern of experimental wear number 5 with a strip w3s excellent in movement functions and appearance. 3. The basic items necessary to design the tight pants' study pattern were categorized into waist circumference, hip circumference, crotch depth and slacks length. The shrinkages of 15% in width, 10% in crotch length md 20% in inside leg length were applied, respectively, referring to previous studies and the experimental dancewears' comparative patterns. 4. When the improved study pattern for this study was tested by the senses, it showed higher scores in movement functions and appearance than the comparative pattern did, which confirmed the study pattern's improvement of functions and appearance.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2011

This study surveys the state of 'children's snacks' sold within the Green Food Zone and that of High Calorie Foods with Low Nutrition Value (HCFLNV). The main purposes are the analyses of foods in accordance to KFDA Program for HCFLNV and an analysis of differences in HCFLNV that are dependent on relevant factors such as food types, school types, origins, the scale of manufacturing company, area and price. Based on the analyses, educational and political implications have been sought that will form nutritious dietary habits, contribute to the prevention of obesity, and improve health in child consumers. The methodologies of this study are literature studies and surveys. The results of this study can be summarized as following. First, the number of children's snacks is 517 items of total 645 gathered within 150 Green Food Zones. Candies are the most popular item, next are cookies, chocolates, and breads. Second, in the real state survey there are 186 HCFLNV (36.0%) among children's snacks sold within Green Food Zone. Based on the survey results, the marking of HCFLNV on the package of children's snacks and the extension of the ban of HCFLNV sales to all stores within the Green Food Zone are strongly suggested. This provides preliminary data related to children's snacks and food safety. With enforcement of the Special Act on the Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life, the rate of HCFLNV has decreased and the child snack product environment in stores has improved. However, it is necessary to supervise low-priced snacks and promote an awareness of HCFLNV along with the child consumer education of food safety is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.239-254
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the use and understanding of food and nutrition labels in 498 female adolescents (middle school students: MS 248, high school students: HS 250) in Gyeonggi-do. Fifty percent of the MS and 47.2% of the HS read food labels, and the most common reasons for reading labels were to find a product's expiration date and price. The food label information considered most important by the subjects was the name of the manufacturing company and expiration date. Over 80% of the subjects read nutrition labels. The MS read nutrition labels to find nutrients and their amounts in foods, while the HS read labels mostly in an effort to control body weight. These subjects gave more attention to calories and fat, the nutrients related to body weight, than to other nutrients. The subjects were highly aware of the necessity and positive effects of nutrition labels, because they believed labels could make it easier for them to choose healthy foods. However, scores for understanding nutrition labels showed the subjects failed to understand label information accurately. Generally, the MS showed better dietary behaviors than HS. But the HS had significantly higher scores than MS for the item "know relative weight with height." Those that read food labels had significantly better BMIs, dietary behaviors, and awareness and understanding of nutrition labels. There were significant positive relationships among awareness & understanding of nutrition labels and subjects' dietary behaviors. The study findings can be utilized to better plan nutrition education programs aiming to improve use and awareness of food and nutrition labels among adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.286-294
• /
• 2012

This research examined the influencing factors on magazine subscription. 499 magazine readers had answered on the survey questions. Structural equation model analysis, frequency analysis and reliability analysis were used by SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0 program for verifying the hypotheses. The results were as follows: First, the speciality of magazine journalists had a positive effect on magazine recognition. Second, the speciality of magazine journalists had a positive effect on subscription to magazine. Third, the magazine recognition had a positive effect on subscription to magazine. Fourth, the price, a copy of magazine, had not significant effect on subscription to magazine. Fifth, the percentage of news item and advertisement had not significant effect on subscription to magazine. Sixth, the reading amount had a positive effect on subscription to magazine.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.347-367
• /
• 1998

It is difficult to make which customers want in restaurant industry because of IMF situation. Therefore, utilization of service marketing is needed by best effect through least investment in restaurant industry. The background of restaurant industry is not directly related to the improvement of tourism industry. We should give a hand to tourism and restaurant industry by holding international events. so the way of thinking among people is changing. And importing of famous foreign brand and opening shops are accellerating the improvement of tourism and restaurant industry. In this perspective, improvement factors of restaurant industry are as follows : the increase of pst time, the increase of disposable income, the increase of woman's having jobs and double income, requirement of people about health food, the increase of nuclear family, and the change of viewpoint among people. This restaurant industry is service industry, and it sells invisible service except the aspect of selling menu. In addition, in terms of menu, price reduction strategy should be done by cost reduction and restructuring. The ultimate purpose of marketing is to increase sales and to do this we should increase the number of customers in shops. That means we should create new customers and try to attract customers who used to be regular in the shops. Therefore, the demonstration of management ability and positive reaction is really needed. So the most important things in marketing are as follows: proper strategy for double consumption, increasing the number of customers through new specific menu, menu life cycle according to menu item, menu development by considering customer, making recipe, enhancement of product quality and cost reduction by customer's opinion. We should concentrate on national menu first, and try to develop menu for international market. It is absolutely needed that we set up the menu product strategy through menu marketing with various products and constant study related to menu marketing is to be done.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically the tendency of household consumption expenditure according to the change of social and economical condition, and the factor which influences consumption expenditure of urban household. The data used in analysis are time-series. The data are statistic form Urban Household Economy Survey published by the Economic Planning Board, dating form the first quarter of 1970 to the fourth quarter of 1989. The income of household and consumption expenditure materials were deflated as consumer price index to exclude the influence of prices and the influence of household composition are considered to deflated as the size of the household under assumption of homogeneity. The consumption expenditure items were categorized to 12 relatively large range items. The time-series data were analyzed by using the Two Stage Least Squares and the Ordinary Least Squares. The following is the result of analysis. 1) Rather than the income increase of previous years. the average income increase for two years influences more significantly on consumption expenditure of household. In the case of influence on consumption expenditure for each item by increase in disposable income, such categories as furniture and utensils. clothing and footwear, housing, medical care, culture and recreation, and transportation and communication have significant influence. 2) Among consumption expenditure categories, the increasing factors were furniture and utensils, and clothing and footwear. And the decreasing factors were housing, medical care, culture and recreation ,and transportation and communication. The relative prices, however, had significant influence on categories such as housing, furniture and utensils, medical care , culture and recreation, and transportation and communication and all of them were the decreation factors. 3) Among with changes of social and economical conditions, miscellaneous showed the highest increase in marginal propensity to consume and foods was the lowest. Also culture and recreation and housing brought up a great change of the income elasticity of demand.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve the calculation method of the software operation pricing proposed by the software business price calculation guide from 'input manpower method' to 'rate calculation method'. The software operation pricing of the input manpower method is not objectively calculated in the domestic IT outsourcing situation where the statistical data based on the activity based estimating is insufficient and it is decided by agreement between the owner and the client. In addition, there was no standard for adjusting the productivity according to the characteristics of the operation service. In order to improve this, an operational correction factor item that can affect the software operation productivity was selected based on foreign and domestic standards, and it was confirmed through the first questionnaire to IT operation managers. In order to determine the level of difficulty of the fixed operational correction factors, the operational correction factor using AHP technique was confirmed through a second questionnaire for pairwise comparison. The operational difficulty calculation table was developed with reference to COCOMO and ITIL standards. Finally, we propose a new pricing scheme that reflects the operating rate. Regression analysis was carried out by collecting the data of the domestic public institutions on the estimated cost and the actual cost calculated from the new rate method software operation pricing. The results of the regression analysis show that the estimated cost and the actual cost are related to each other. Mean magnitude of relative error(MMRE) and PRED[25] analysis were added for accuracy analysis. MMRE and PRED also showed satisfactory results, confirming the possibility of replacing the rate method software operation pricing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.8
• /
• pp.1088-1099
• /
• 2004

This study looked into the features of the consumers who positively reuse the clothing through their actual exchanges at second-hand clothing stores. The findings indicate that it shows the features of the consumers who perform the environmental activities by treating the clothing to be actually left unused, in an environmentally-friendly way, and that it may present the programs that will be able to create more consumers on the basis of its findings. The study used the questionnaire method, and the subjects were selected among those who have the experience of buying the second-hand clothing. The findings are as follows. 1. The major users of Green stores were found to be many among the females in their forties by the age, with 2 million Won or more by the income, of the graduates of high school or higher by the educational background, or of the housekeepers with children by the job. 2. The practices for the Green store utilization showed the highest ratios in one or two times of uses a month, one to four pieces of purchases a month, female clothing by the article, or trousers by the purchasing item. 3. As for the level of satisfaction after the clothing purchase at green stores, 70 percent of the respondents were satisfied, and the high ratios were seen with "the price was very low" or "since it seemed to support the environmental issues" by the reason for the satisfaction. 4. The findings on the clothing attitudes by the green store users showed fashion and social status symbol (factor 1), feminine modesty (factor 2), convenience (factor 3), alignment (factor 4), and economy (factor 5).