• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate applicability of the GMFM-88 in planning intervention for CP children. Specifically, this study assessed functional improvement after a four-week GMFM-88 item-based training in CP children divided into three age groups (${\leq}24$ months, 25-48 months, and >48 months) and five levels of the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). Methods: Subjects were 264 children with CP (mean age 32.90 months) recruited from one CP clinic. The GMFM-88 item-based training was planned for each child, after an interview with its caregiver. To investigate functional improvement after the intervention, minimum important difference (MID) and MID proportion for the change in scores of GMFM-88 were calculated. Results: The GMFM-88 scores increased after the interventions in all three age groups (p<0.05). In particular, children with CP aged ${\leq}24$ months and at the GMFCS level II showed greater functional improvement after training. Conclusion: This study found that the GMFM-88 item-based training would be used to plan activity-oriented intervention both in clinic and home in each CP child.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

As International considerations about the Barrier-Free environment increase, Korean Barrier-Free Environment Certification System has operated since 2008 in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find way to improve evaluation items, so this study analyzed the result of examination certified facilities and investigated the importance of the evaluation item for conducted a questionair survey with the BF experts. As a result, a lower scored and high important item should assign a higher score or lower the difficulty level, so induces applicants to be certified. Second, a higher scored and lower important item should assign a lower score or increase the difficulty of evaluating. The results suggested are expected the use in the improvement direction of BF certification evaluation items.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Item-based collaborative filtering (IBCF) is an important technology that is widely used in recommender system of online shopping malls. It uses historical information to compute item-item similarity and make predictions. However, in offline shopping each customer's purchasing pattern can be occurred continuously and repeatedly due to time and space constraints contrast to online shopping. Those facts can make IBCF to have limitations from being applied to offline shopping malls directly. In order to improve the quality of recommendations made by IBCF in offline shopping mall, we propose an ensemble approach that considers both item-item similarity of IBCF and each customer's purchasing patterns which are modeled by item networks. Our experimental results show that this approach produces recommendation results superior to those of existing works such as pure IBCF or bestseller approaches.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.575-588
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• 2005

Family and parents which serve as a primary group for the children's development also play important role in their cerebral palsy children's treatment. This study wants to know how the parents' participation in their children's physical therapy and satisfaction degree have an impact on their children's improvement of the motor function. For that purpose, a home made self filling survey was conducted of 156 cerebral palsy children's parents whose children were treated in 4 university general hospitals and 3 welfare centers from the 1st of April 2004 to the 31th of march 2005. The gross motor function was employed to evaluate the cerebral palsy children's motor function improvement. In this study, those questioned were divided into two groups according to the time of treatment. 'Group A' is consist of the patients whose parents attended to the treatment more than one hour at home. The patients who belonged to 'Group B' were treated less than one hour at home. The general features of the cerebral palsy children and their parents and the characteristics of their physical disability, the parents' participation and their satisfaction degree were examined by survey. Evaluating the difference between two groups' motor function according to their parents participation degree in the physical therapy leads to the following results. First, 'Group A' was better than 'Group B' in their satisfaction degree with the physical therapy and participation degree. Statistically 'Group A' was superior to 'Group B' in the requirements of the information and education for the children with cerebral palsy. Second, after two months of treatment, 'Group A' showed more statistically significant improvement than 'Group B' in every items as like lying in item 1, sitting in item2, crawling and kneeling in item 3, standing in item 4, walking,running, jumping in item 5. Third, parents' participation in physical therapy and satisfaction degree have some relevance to their children' motor function improvement. The satisfaction degree is related to motor function like crawling and kneeling in item 3, walking,running, jumping in item 5. It is showed that the parents' participation degree and information about handicapped children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the conservation management direction about cultural landscape of the traditional villages in the area of Huizhou through the importance-performance analysis. The results of the survey on the importance - performance of 261 people who had many visits to various cultural landscapes of Huizhou villages such as Hongchun, Sidichun etc. are as follows. It was appeared that the item of 'good air' is the highest level of importance and satisfaction and is best condition. The item of 'historical conservation' is the high level of importance, but the level of satisfaction is low, so continuous improvement is necessary. The item of 'Old garden conservation' has high satisfaction but low importance, so it needs to improve its importance through subsequent improvement. The item of 'Keeping of old cemetary and old tower' has low importance and satisfaction but it is above average, so continuous maintenance is needed. The items of 'Preservation of stone gate' and 'Preservation of famous man's birth house' all have slightly higher satisfaction and lower importance. Both items are highly satisfied with their importance, so they should avoid excessive efforts and maintain the present status. Satisfaction with the item of 'water environment and water quality' was the lowest, and the problem of the present condition is the most serious, and a major improvement is needed. The importance and satisfaction of 'Commercial development of old villages' was the lowest among all items. This item is causing serious problems and should provide an overall improvement way to drastically improve the importance and satisfaction. Concentration is necessary to improve the environment of the whole villages, to protect the ecological plants and animals in old villages, to transfer and improve the culture of old villages, to maintain sustainability of the villages, and to protect old temple and old rock in old villages. As the level of satisfaction with sustainability is the lowest in the part of 'Concentrate here', there is a great concern about sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on sustainability and concentrate on sustainable development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.11
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• pp.11-20
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• 1998

Testability analysis computes controllabilities and observabilities of all lines of a circuit and then evaluates fault coverage. The values of controllability and observability as well as fault coverage produced by testability analysis are used for applications of testability analysis. ITEM was evaluated as a fault coverage tool. But the values of controllability and observability at all lines of circuits must be estimated as a performance measure of testability tools for another application such as partial scan. In this paper, partial scan method based on sensitivity analysis which estimates relative improvement of detectability of circuits after scanning a flip-flop is used for performance evaluation of ITEM. Performance of ITEM, with respect to testability values on each net, has been measured by comparing ITEM and STAFAN. Partial scan performance achieved by ITEM is very similar to that of STAFAN, but ITEM takes less CPU time. Therefore ITEM is very efficient for partial scan application because ITEM runs faster for very large circuits in which execution time is critical.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.231-242
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to generate a proper regulation improvement direction of the public IT project contract law through the current four contract methods and three methods of the awarding party of a contract method. The research method for this paper is derived from the written materials of the present public IT project contract law. Two problems have been processed in order to produce the results: the current contract methods and the awarding party of a contract method. The current contract methods consist of a competition contract, a private contract, and a supply methodology contract. The methods of the awarding party of a contract display a qualified evaluation regulation, the 2nd step competition bid, a standard cost separation tender, and a contract by a negotiation. The results exhibit that the general competition contract consists of four improvement items. The contract by a negotiation contains five improvement items. The group private contract has one improvement item. And the private contract includes one improvement item. These results implicate that the current public IT project contract law demands better improvement work for the ubiquitous Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Collaborative filtering(CF) uses the purchase or item rating history of other users, but does not need additional properties or attributes of users and items. Hence CF is known th be the most successful recommendation technology. But conventional CF approach has some significant weakness, such as the new user problem. In this paper, we propose a approach using word embedding with skip-gram for learning distributed item representations. In particular, we show that this approach can be used to capture precise item for solving the "new user problem." The proposed approach has been tested on the Movielens databases. We compare the performance of the user based CF, item based CF and our approach by observing the change of recommendation results according to the different number of item rating information. The experimental results shows the improvement in our approach in measuring the precision applied to new user problem situations.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.189-211
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to explore ways to improve the test items on the Korean scholastic ability test. More specifically, the researchers investigated whether use of the target language in test items would make a difference in total scores, discriminatory power, and item difficulty. A total of 288 high school seniors participated in the study. The subjects were divided into the experimental group (N=145) and the control group (N=143). A 25-item test resembling the Korean scholastic ability test was administered to both groups. The experimental group was given items whose questions and alternatives were all presented in English, whereas the control group was given items whose questions and alternatives were presented in Korean only. Statistical analyses revealed that use of English vs. Korean in the questions and alternatives made a significant difference in total scores, item discrimination, and item difficulty level. The findings strongly suggest that use of English is one way to improve the quality of the Korean scholastic ability test by enhancing item discrimination and face validity. Considering that the test in question is a high-stakes exam in Korea, further research on how to improve the Korean scholastic ability test is urgently called for.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to generate a proper regulation improvement direction of the public If project contract law through the current four contract methods and three methods of the awarding party of a contract method. The research method for this paper is derived from the written materials of the present public IT project contract law. Two problems have been processed in order to produce the results: the current contract methods and the awarding party of a contract method. The current contract methods consist of a competition contract, a private contract, and a supply methodology contract, The methods of the awarding party of a contract display a qualified evaluation regulation, the 2nd step competition bid, a standard cost separation tender, and a contract by a negotiation. The results exhibit that the general competition contract consists of four improvement items. The contract by a negotiation contains five improvement items. The group private contract has one improvement item. And the private contract includes one improvement item. These results implicate that the current public IT project contract law demands better improvement work for the ubiquitous Korea.