• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting family strength and therewith, suggest some strategies to improve family strength and welfare. For this purpose, the researcher sampled 208 college students and surveyed them for their perceptions of the concept of family and family strengths. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of surveying the subjects on their perception of the concept of family, it was found that almost all of them (99%) perceived that 'a family consists of a couple and their children' (item 1). The other items regarding the concept of family chosen by the majority of subjects were 'a couple and adopted child' (item 3 & item 17), 'a remarried couple and their children' (item 9), 'a single parent and children' (item 2), 'a three-generation family; couple, widowed daughter and granddaughter' (item 4), 'three sisters' (item 7), 'an unmarried woman living with a son born from a sperm bank' (item 19), 'a separated couple with no child' (item 13), 'cousins living together' (item 11), 'a divorced man and his girlfriend with child' (item 15) and 'homosexual family' (item 8). Second, as a result of assessing subjects' needs for family functions and their efforts for family strengths, it was found that the family functions for family members scored higher than those for the society, and that subjects' efforts for the family functions conducive to both their family members and society scored lower than their needs for the family functions. Third, subjects' needs and efforts for family functions were positively correlated with family strengths. Namely, family functions were closely related with family strengths.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

There are many methods to buy and sell online items. But A lot of people use item trade sites when they want to sell or buy their items. This article analyzes the price structure of item trade, and finds why gamers use item trade sites in spite of the brokerage. We analyze the difference of item prices between in the market of item trade sites and in the market of other trade methods. And we find that the prices of item trade sites is higher than those of other markets. Buyers pay about 6% higher prices to seller. The higher prices are for the safe trading what item trade sites supply. And sellers take about 0.7% higher prices than in other markets. There is a sufficient motive when gamers use item trade sites in spite of their high prices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.121-133
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• 1998

This study suggests an efficient algorithm for updating discovered association rules in large database, because a database may allow frequent or occasional updates, and such updates may not only invalidate some existing strong association rules, but also turn some weak rules into strong ones. FUP and DMI update efficiently strong association rules in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. Moreover, these algorithms use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. This study updates strong association rules efficiently in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study generates the whole candidate item-sets at once in an incremental database in view of the fact that it is difficult to find the new set of large item-sets in the whole updated database after an incremental database is added to the original database. This method of generating candidate item-sets is different from that of FUP and DMI. After generating the whole candidate item-sets, if each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is large at an incremental database, the original database is scanned and the support of each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is updated. So, the whole large item-sets in the whole updated database is found out. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study does not use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. As a result, an updating algoritm that is suggested updates fast and efficiently discovered large item-sets.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.465-481
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• 2008

Item response theory(IRT) estimates latent ability of a subject based on the property of item and item parameters using item characteristics curve(ICC) of each item case. The initial value and another problems occurs when we try to estimate item parameters of IRT(e.g. the maximum likelihood estimate). Thus, we propose the asymptotic approximation method(AAM) to solve the above mentioned problems. We notice that the proposed method can be thought as an alternative to estimate item parameters when we have small size of data or need to estimate items with local fluctuations. We developed 'Any Assess' and tested reliability of the system result by simulating a practical use possibility.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the item characteristics of the Korean version of the intensive care experience questionnaire (K-ICEQ) using the Rasch analysis model of the item response theory. Methods : In this methodological study, the validity of the scale was examined, and a secondary analysis was conducted using cohort data of patients who were discharged from the intensive care units (ICU). Data from 891 patients who responded to the K-ICEQ upon ICU discharge were analyzed. The WINSTEP program was used to analyze item characteristics, including item difficulty, fit indices, appropriateness scale, and separation reliability. Results : The difficulty level of all 26 items of the K-ICEQ was appropriate, and the fit indices of the 25 items, except for item 18, were good. The 5-point scale of the K-ICEQ was not appropriate in the three subscales. The item separation reliability was good in all subscales, but did not meet the criteria in terms of respondents. Conclusion : The results of examining the item characteristics of the K-ICEQ revealed a good degree of difficulty, fitness, and item separation reliability. To increase the validity of the K-ICEQ, we suggest the rearrangement of the overall item order, modification of the item description of the "recall of experience" subscale, and reduction of the scale response level.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2024

Purpose: To adjust item numbers in a national test, this study used item response theory to examine changes in average scores, reliability, difficulty, and discrimination according to the adjustment of item numbers. Methods: We analyzed the dichotomous coding of correct and incorrect answers of 473 examinees in a mock test conducted in 2023. Additionally, as an explanatory pilot study, we used an online questionnaire to survey experts on their perceptions of the appropriate item numbers for each test subject from January 18, 2024, to February 15, 2024. Results: Regarding the item numbers on the national exam, experts preferred to reduce the number of management of emergency patients (33.14±6.09, p<.05) and advanced emergency medical care: subtopics (104.49±11.55, p<.05), and the total number of questions (217.82±20.95, p<.05). In a simulation set in which items with low item fit were removed after fitting a two-parameter item response theory model, reliability was maintained at .910 until the 5th test consisting of 185 questions with little loss of difficulty, discrimination, and average score, and there was no correlation between item numbers and average score. Conclusion: Experts responded that reducing the number of items on the national exam was appropriate. As a result of the item reduction simulation, there was no significant loss in the average score, difficulty, discrimination, or reliability. More reliable results could be obtained if the results were based on a validity analysis and analyzed using actual national exams.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on previous researches on social factors of digital item purchase in digital contents distribution platforms such as SNS, we aim to develop the integrated model that accounts for the dynamic and interactive relationship between social structure indicators and digital item purchase. Research design, data and methodology: A PVAR model was used to capture endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network indicators. Results: We find that there exist considerable endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network structure variables. Not only lagged in-degree and out-degree but also in-closeness and out-closeness centrality have significant and positive impacts on digital item purchase. Lagged clustering has a significant and negative effect on digital item purchase. Lagged purchase has a significant and positive impact just on the present in-closeness and out-closeness centrality; but there is no significant effect of lagged purchase on the other two degree variables and clustering coefficient. We also find that both closeness centralities have much higher carryover effect on digital item purchase and that the elasticity of both closeness centralities on the purchase of digital items is even higher than that of other network structure variables. Conclusions: In-closeness and out-closeness are the most influential factors among social structure variables of this study on digital item purchase.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

Online game industry and item trade have grown up fast after 2000. And there has been a perspective that online game and item trade are the cause of the crimes, especially cyber crime like hacking, virus. But there was no positive research about the opinion, so this article studies the relations among online game, item trade and crime. The results suggest that online game and item trade maybe a cause of cyber crime and property crime. But online game and item trade don't increase the total number of crime. That means that online game and item trade substitute the way how crime happens. Online game and item trade substitute no-property crime to property crime.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

We have to select business Item at various alternatives through BMO Evaluation Method. This study suggested selection method best business item using Visual Basic Program. Selection item of business item is technically power, capital strength, business administration capability, Maketings, Possible total sales, Goods of future growth, Expectations of competition goods, Creation of goods, and Management. Evaluation of each item value, add total values. It is important that business item selected well for adapted business. It should be able to decide business item using this study's program.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2016

Background: Rasch analysis estimates the probability that a respondent will endorse an item and select a particular rating for that item. It has the advantage of placing both the items and the person along a single ration scale and calibrates person ability and item difficulty onto an interval scale by logits. In addition, Rasch analysis is a useful tool for exploring the validity of questionnaires that have been developed using traditional methods. Therefore, it has been recommended as a method for developing and evaluating functional outcome measures. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the item fit, item difficulty, and rating scale of the Korean version of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (KFAB) using Rasch analysis. Methods: Total 97 subjects (39 males and 58 females) with dwelling elderly adults were participated, but 3 people were excluded for misfit persons. Rasch analysis was then done by means of the Winsteps program to determine the item fit, item difficulty, rating scale, and reliability of the KFAB. Results: In this study, the 'standing with feet together and eyes closed', 'two-footed jump', 'walk with head turns', and 'stand on foam, eyes closed' items shown misfit statistics. The most difficult item was 'stand on one leg', whereas the easiest item was 'turn in full circle'. The rating scale was acceptable with all criteria. Both item and person separation indices and reliability showed acceptable values. This would indicated that each domain covers a useful range of item difficulty that is appropriate for measuring a person with a wide range of functional ability. Conclusion: The KFAB has been proven reliable, valid and an appropriate tool with which to evaluate the balance of the elderly people.