• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the flavopiridol effect on radiation-induced apoptosis and expression of apoptosisrelated genes of human laryngeal and lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: A human laryngeal cancer cell line, AMC-HN3 and a human lung cancer cell line, NCI-H460, were used in the study. The cells were divided into four groups according to the type of treatment: 1) control groups; 2) cells that were only irradiated; 3) cells treated only with flavopiridol; 4) cells treated with flavopiridol and radiation simultaneously. The cells were irradiated with 10 Gy of X-rays using a 4 MV linear accelerator. Flavopiridol was administered to the media at a concentration of 100 nM for 24 hours. We compared the fraction of apoptotic cells of each group 24 hours after the initiation of treatment. The fraction of apoptotic cells was detected by measurement of the sub-G1 fractions from a flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis-regulating genes, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), p53, p21, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: The sub-G1 fraction of cells was significantly increased in the combination treatment group, as compared to cells exposed to radiation alone or flavopiridol alone. Western blotting also showed an increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expression in cells of the combination treatment group, as compared with cells exposed to radiation alone or flavopiridol alone. Treatment with flavopiridol down regulated cyclin 01 expression of both cell lines but its effect on p53 and p21 expression was different according to each individual cell line. Flavopiridol did not affect the expression of phophorylated Akt in both cell lines. Conclusion: Treatment with flavopiridol increased radiation-induced apoptosis of both the human laryngeal and lung cancer cell lines. Flavopiridol effects on p53 and p21 expression were different according to the individual cell line and it did not affect Akt activation of both cell lines.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the association between radiation pneumonitis and dose-volume histogram parameters and to provide practical guidelines to prevent radiation pneumonitis following radiotherapy administered for breast cancer including internal mammary lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with early breast cancer who underwent a partial mastectomy were involved in this study. The entire breast, supraclavicular lymph nodes, and internal mammary lymph nodes were irradiated with a dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Radiation pneumonitis was assessed by both radiological pulmonary change (RPC) and by evaluation of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis. Dose-volume histogram parameters were compared between patients with grade <2 RPC and those with grade ${\geq}$2 RPC. The parameters were the mean lung dose, V10 (percent lung volume receiving equal to and more than 10 Gy), V20, V30, V40, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Results: Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) developed grade 2 RPC and 11 (55%) did not develop RPC (grade 0). Only one patient developed grade 1 symptomatic radiation pneumonitis. Univariate analysis showed that among the dose-volume histogram parameters, NTCP was significantly different between the two RPC grade groups (p<0.05). Fisher's exact test indicated that an NTCP value of 45% was appropriate as an RPC threshold level. Conclusion: This study shows that NTCP can be used as a predictor of RPC after radiotherapy of the internal mammary lymph nodes in breast cancer. Clinically, it indicates that an RPC is likely to develop when the NTCP is greater than 45%.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 1983

This stidy was intended to investigate the heavy metal contents in the bottom sediments of the continental shelt around the Jeju Island and ot the southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. For this study 39 bottom sedinent samples were taken from the study area using Phleger gramity corer and Snapper. The average contents of heavy metals were 59.1 ppm Zn, 362.6 ppm Mn, 63.8 ppm Cr, 15.7 ppm Pb, 10.0 ppm Co, 28.9 ppm Ni, 10.5 ppm Cu, and 2.7% Fe in the surficial sediments around the Jejr Island; and 79.ppm Zn, 384 ppm Mn, 8.6 ppm Pb, 17.8 ppm Ni, 23.2 ppm Cu, and 1.59 % fe in those of nearsgore of the southern coastal area respectively. The heavy metal contents were higher in the northwestern part around the Jeju Island compared to those in other region. However, these tendencies were not the result of pollution, but of the differences of grain size of the sedimenrs. In the nearshore of the southern coast, the heavy metal contents did not show any geographical tendency. However, those of Masan and Jinhae Bays wew higher than those of the other region. These seemed to be caused by waste disposal from the industrial compsex located at the adjacent land. Nevertheless these values of heavy metal content except for Zn and Cu in Masan Bay and inner bay of Jinhae are lower than the average values of the each world-wide data of the nearshore sedimentl. The pair correlations of the cach heavy metal elements were calculated by regressino analysis using VAX 780 computer. the following pair elements, such as Zn-Cu, Ni-Cu, Fe-cu, Cr-Cu, Co-Zn, Ni-Zn, Cr-Zn, Ni-Co, Fe-Co, Cr-Co, Fe-Ni, Cr-Ni and Cr-Fe show closely posetive linear correlations in the sediments around the Jeju Island. In general, the heavy metal content increases in proportion to the increase of the mean values of the grain size of the sediments around the Jeju Island. In the southern coastal area, in gineral, thepair correlations of each heavy metal elements did not southern coastal area, in general, the pair correlatttttions of rach heavy metal elements did not show any positive correlation except for the positive linear correlations of Cu-Zn, Cu-ni and Ni-Mn. It is interpreted as a result of the differences of the physecochemical environment of the sampling sites and also of the influences of the ondustrial wastes from the manufacturing factores located at the coastal zone of the study area.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.183-192
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• 1998

The long-term observation of temperature in the coastal waters adjacent to the Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant has been carried out from November 10, 1996 to August 22, 1997, for approximately 280 days using a real-time temperature measurement buoy system. The sea-surface temperature was measured at every 10 minute using 10 buoys. The vertical structure of temperature was investigated near the outlet of the plant with two thermistor chains equipped with 10 sensors at 1 m interval The monthly averaged temperature was the lowest with spatial average of $12.8^{\circ}C$ in February and was the highest in August with spatial average of $19.6^{\circ}C$. The extremely low temperature was frequently observed between June and August, which seems to be the consequence of the intrusion of cold water near the southeastern coast of Korea. Distributions of the daily and hourly averaged temperature show that the highest temperature always occurred near the outlet of the plant and the warm-water patch moved along the north-south direction with the semidiurnal period. The semidiurnal fluctuation of temperature was also observed near the surface of the vertical profiles. The spectral analysis of temperature between February and April 1997 shows that the semidiurnal components prevailed near the outlet. It is likely that the semidiurnal components were due to the prevailing semidiurnal tide in this region. In August 1997, the diurnal components were dominant at the surface water of all stations except Station 12, which suggests that the warm water from the outlet of the plant has less effects in summer on the surrounding waters than the strong solar radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2020

Due to the nature of the Rosenberg Method, the patient needs to maintain posture for a certain period of time, and the joint space is observed in various forms depending on the angle of knee flexion, which causes difficulties in examination. In order to solve these problems, Image quality was evaluated in order to evaluate the usefulness of the assistive device by making the assistive device itself. SNR and CNR analysis about the presence or absence of an assistive device using the extremity phantom and the angle of the assistive device itself were not statistically significant(p < 0.05). As a result of measuring the distance between the right and left edges of the medial condyle based on the presence or absence of an assist device, and the absence of assist device (96.00±40.6 mm) and presence of an assist device (134.86±17.68 mm) were statistically significant (p <0.05). To find the aLDFA relationship about the femur and tibia, we measured the right and left aLDFA based on the presence or absence of assist device. As a result, the absence of the right-side aLDFA assist device (74.63°±4.87) and the presence of assist device (79.64°±3.65) were statistically significant (p <0.05). The absence of the left-side aLDFA assist device (76.39°±4.62) and the presence of assist device (79.64°±3.65) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). but, As a result of measuring the distance of the overlapping parts of the right and left proximal tibiofibular joint and the lateral condyle, There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides. In conclusion, we confirmed that we can obtain Diagnostically valuable images with a constant knee-to-knee spacing using an assist device we self-created. In addition, we could learn through aLDFA relationship between femur and tibial that the smaller the angle, the more medial condyle overlaps with JSW, We also confirmed the significance by deriving similar values on the normal range values of aLDFA using assist devices. However, it is considered necessary to pay attention to internal and external rotations in order to obtain good quality images by evaluating the distance of overlapping parts between proximal tibiofibular joint and lateral condyle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2020

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) has disadvantages such as increasing the low doses of irradiation to normal tissues and accumulated dose for the whole volume by leakage and transmission of the Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC). The accumulated dose and low dose may increase the occurrence of secondary malignant neoplasms. For this reasons, the jaw tracking function of the TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) was developed to reduce the leakage and transmission dose of the MLC with existing linear accelerators. But quantitative analysis of the dose reduction has not been verified. Therefore, in the present study, we intended to verify the clinical possibility of utilizing the jaw tracking function in brain tumor with comparison of treatment plans. To accomplish this, 3 types of original treatment plans were made using Eclipse11 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA): 1) beyond 2 cm distance from the Organs At Risk (OARs); 2) within 2 cm distance from the OARs; and 3) intersecting with the OARs. Jaw tracking treatment plans were also made with copies of the original treatment planning using Smart LMC Version 11.0.31 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). A comparison between the 2 types of treatment planning methods was performed using the difference of the mean dose and maximum dose to the OARs in cumulative Dose Volume Histogram (DVH). In the DVH comparison, the maximum difference of 0.5 % was observed between the planning methods in the case of over 2 cm distance, and the maximum of 0.6 % was obtained for within the 2 cm distance. For the case intersecting with the OAR, the maximum difference of 2 % was achieved. According to these results, it could be realized that the differences of mean dose and maximum dose to the OARs was larger when the OARs and PTV were closer. Therefore, treatment plans with the jaw tracking function consistently affected the dose reduction and the clinical possibility could be verified.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

A PyrcpPR-10 gene with differentially expressed was isolated by using the suppression subtractive hybridization assay between '93-3-98' (highly resistant against scab caused by Venturia nashicola) and 'Sweat Skin'(highly susceptible) and analyzed the expression pattern according to organs and cultivars. The full length of PyrcpPR-10 was cloned as 743bp with 480bp's ORP, and was determined to encode a protein of 159 amino acid residues. On analyzing PyrcpPR-10 gene sequence compared with resistant and susceptible cultivars, 'Hwangsilri' (resistant), 'Gamcheonbae' (moderately resistant), 'Wonhwang' (moderately susceptible), 'Niitaka' (highly susceptible), and 'Sweat Skin' (highly susceptible) had identical gene sequence but 'Bartlett' (highly resistant) showed partly different sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 64 ~ 98% homology and had the GXGGXG motif to known amino acid of other plants PR-10 by the BLAST X analysis. Among several organs or tissues, petal was showed highest expression level of PyrcpPR-10 gene followed by leaf, floral axis, bud, and bark. The expression level of PyrcpPR-10 gene was dramatically increased at 24 hr after inoculation in all cultivars and also up-regulated in accordance with resistant degree of cultivars. While resistant cultivars ('Bartlett', '93-3-98', and 'Hwangsilri') induced relatively high expression level of PyrcpPR-10 gene, susceptible cultivars ('Niitaka', and 'Sweat Skin') showed low expression level. PyrcpPR-10 gene is assumed that it is directly connected with defense mechanisms to pear scab.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

We developed 14 transgenic lines of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) harboring the T-DNA border sequences and CryIAc1 transgene of the binary vector 416 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA transfer. Six lines had single copy cryIAc1 gene and four of them contained no vector backbone DNA. Of the left border (LB) flanking sequences six nucleotides were deleted in transgenic lines 416-2 and 416-3, eleven nucleotides in line 416-9, and 65 nucleotides including the whole LB sequences in line 416-17, respectively. And we defined 499 bp of genomic DNA (gDNA) of transformed Chinese cabbage, and blast results showed 96% homology with Brassica oleracea sequences. PCR with specific primer for the right border (RB) franking sequence revealed 834 bp of PCR product sequence, and it was consisted of 3' end of cryIAc1, nosterminal region and 52 bp of Chinese cabbage genomic DNA near RB. RB sequences were not found and the 58 nucleotides including 21 bp of nos-terminator 3' end were deleted. Also, there were deletion of 10 bp of the known genomic sequences and insertion of 65 bp undefined genomic sequences of Chinese cabbage in the integration site. These results demonstrate that the integration of T-DNA can be accompanied by unusual deletions and insertions both in transgenic and genomic sequences.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

Purpose : In Korea, vivax malaria has been reemerged since 1993 after being abscent for more than 10 years. There are several possibilities of casuality of recent epidemic, although it is still unclear. The epidemiologic studies including case analysis and entomological reseach have been undertaken for a successful control measure. But, unfortunately those studies have been rarely dealt with cases of children. Therefore, this study was designed to figure out the characteristics of epidemiolgic and clinical features in children with indigenous vivax malaria. Methods : The study 21 cases below 15 years of age, who were diagnosed as vivax malaria and resided in kyounggi-do province area during 1998. 9~1999. 8. We retrospectively analyzed epidemiologic data concernig with occurrence of vivax, and clinical manifestations, abnormal laboratory findings and outcomes including therapeutic responses. Results : All cases were inhabitants of the endemic areas for vivax malaria in northwestern part of Kyonggi-do or western Kangwon-do, and Paju-gun was the most prevalent. Indigenous malaria cases of this study were more prevalent in children above 10 years old age, and in male. Seasonally, vivax malaria in children occurred throughout the year except January, March and November, and the incidence was the highest in July. Clinical manifestations revealed that 48 hour cyclic fever pattern was the major fever pattern, and other symptoms such as headache, vomiting, poor appetites, chilling, abdominal pain and diarrhea were concomitantly developed. And splenomegaly revealed the main abnormal findings on physical examination, and anemia was the most frequent abnormal finding in laboratory examinations. Young trophozoite was frequently observed on peripheral blood smears. The therapeutic responses of chlorquine were very good in all cases, and no recurrence developed in follow up cases. Conclusion : Geographical and seasonal occurrence distributions of indigenous vivax malaria cases in children were very similar to those of adults as followings; Inhabitants of the endemic region, more prevalent in male, and more common during the summer season. Clinically, 48 hour cyclic fever pattern, splenomegaly and anemia were most frequent and important manifestations in children cases, and clinical courses were not serious. On blood smears, young trophozoite was most dominantly examined in children. Generally, the therapeutic outcomes were excellent, and recurrences were not observed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.