• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2005

This study was conducted to see the feasibility of breeding for sprout soybean cultivar with minimum benny flavor using lipoxygenase-less lines. Lipoxygenase-less cultivar Jinpumkong2 was crossed by lipoxygenase containing Gwangankong, Sebaeknamulkong, and Pureunkong as paternal parent and 24 lipoxygenase-less lines derived from those 3 combinations were selected and those lines were evaluated with their parental cultivars. Germination rate showed no difference between lipoxygenase-less lines and their parental cultivars, however, rates of normal sprout of those and Jinpumkong2 were 63 and $56\%$, and were lower than that of paternal parents. Hypocotyl length of those was same as Jinpumkong2, however, shorter than paternal parents. Texture characteristics including hardness, cutting force and mastication of 96 hour-cultured sprout of lipoxygenase-less lines showed higher value than that of their parental cultivars. Lipoxtgenase isozyme was not detected in the sprout cotyledon of lipoxygenase-less lines, however it was observed in the sprout hypocotyl of all the used genotypes. Though lipoxygenase activity in the seed of lipoxygenase-less lines was lower than that of Jinpumkong2(0.477, ${Delta}A$ 234 nm min-1 mg meal-1),2 lines revealed more than 0.5 value. Lipoxygenase-activity of 2 day-cultured sprout(both cotyledon and hypocotyl) was the highest, decreased in 3 days after culture and re-increased thereafter. Several lipoxygenase-less lines with lower lipoxygenase activity of sprout than Jinpumkong2 were selected and this suggested the possibility of breeding lines for soy-sprout with low benny flavor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1961-1970
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• 2014

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2018

Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 1993

This study was carried out to clarify a taxonomical relationships of the Korean Theaceae using characters from morphological, anatomical, electrophoretic and numerical methods. The results are summarized as follows ; Morphological data were cluster analysis by Euclidean distance, the complete and average linkage cluster were most distinctly classified into subfamily level. At the principal components analysis(PCA), the commutative contribution rate of three principal components showed to 91.1% total variance. By the leaf venation were classified semicraspedromous type of Theoideae and brochidodromous type of Ternstroemioideae. The stomatal types were classified Paracytic of Theoideae and Anomocytic type of Ternstroemioideae ; the former has founded subsideary cell the latter has not found. All taxa possessed common isozyme bands did not found out of Theaceae banding patterns. But, the activity of Theoideae were existed in below No.5(Rf. 4.0-4.4), in contrast to Ternstroemioideae were existed in more than No.7(Rf. 5.7-6.2). The cluster analysis of leaf characters and peroxidase isozymes were similarity between two methods.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyse of association between growth traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) polymorphism of phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK 2) gene in pigs. The birth weight of piglet influences on weaning weight and survival rate that are import economic traits in pig industry. Also, these growth traits are representative factor to decrease a period getting to marketing weight as well as growth rate in pig. The PGK 2 is an isozyme that catalyzes the first ATP-generating step in the glycolytic pathwayand important enzyme related with energy metabolism. Twenty of SNPs were discoveredby genome structure analysis that compares the sequence on promoter and transcription region of PGK 2 gene in porcine chromosome 7. An association between PGK 2 SNPs and growth traits was analyzed in $F_2$ reciprocal-crossbred population between korean native pig (KNP) and Landrace. Association analysis indicated that polymorphism of the PGK 2 gene promoter region has significant effects on weight at birth (p<0.01) and weight at 3 weeks of age (p<0.0001). These results suggest that PGK 2 gene polymorphism was associated with energy metabolism and physiological function of growth in pig.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.575-582
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• 2016

BACKGROUNG/OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of high maysin corn silk extract on body weight and fat deposition in experimental animals. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice, 4-weeks-old, were purchased and divided into three groups by weight using a randomized block design. The normal-fat (NF) group received 7% fat (diet weight basis), the high-fat (HF) group received 25% fat and 0.5% cholesterol, and the high-fat corn silk (HFCS) group received high-fat diet and high maysin corn silk extract at 100 mg/kg body weight through daily oral administration. Body weight and body fat were measured, and mRNA expression levels of proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation, fat accumulation, fat synthesis, lipolysis, and fat oxidation in adipose tissue and the liver were measured. RESULTS: After experimental diet intake for 8 weeks, body weight was significantly lower in the HFCS group compared to the HF group (P < 0.05), and kidney fat and epididymal fat pad weights were significantly lower in the HFCS group compared to the HF group (P < 0.05). In the HFCS group, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\beta}$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}1$ (PPAR-${\gamma}1$), and PPAR-${\gamma}2$ mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the epididymal fat pad, whereas cluster of differentiation 36, lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme-4, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in liver and adipose tissues (P < 0.05). In the HFCS group, mRNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 were elevated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that high maysin corn silk extract inhibits expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, fat accumulation, and fat synthesis as well as promotes expression of genes involved in lipolysis and fat oxidation, further inhibiting body fat accumulation and body weight elevation in experimental animals.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the protox activity, the PPIX accumulation and the activity of antioxidative enzymes of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars by oxyfluorfen and oxytluorfen-similar herbicides treatment. When treated with acifluorfen, bifenox or oxadiazon, the oxyfluorfen-tolerant rice cultivars showed less decreased in fresh weight than the susceptible rice cultivars. The inhibition of protox activity was in the order of acifluorfen > oxyfluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the PPIX accumulation was in the sequence of oxadiazon > acifluorfen > oxyfluorfen > bifenox. The inhibition of protox activity and the PPIX accumulation by the herbicide was greater in the susceptible rice cultivars than in the tolerant rice cultivars. The effect inhibiting the decrease of chlorophyll content resulting from the treatment of GC, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis inhibitor, was in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the tolerant rice cultivar had more than the susceptible rice cultivar. In the treatment of DPE and oxadiazon, the activities of MDAR, POX and GR was higher in the tolerant rice cultivar than in the susceptible rice cultivar, and in the case of POX isozyme the activities of main D and E bands increased in the tolerant rice cultivars at tested herbicides but they didn't in the susceptible rice cultivar.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2002

A gene coding for xylanase from thermo-tolerant Bacillus pumilus TX703 was cloned into Escherichia coli DH5 $\alpha$ using pUC19. Among 7,400 transformants, four transformants showed clear zones on the detection agar plates containing oat-spells xylan. One of them which showed highest xylanase activity was selected and its recombinant plasmid, named pXES106, was found to carry 2.24 kb insert DNA fragment. When the nucleotide sequence of the cloned xylanase gene (xynK) was determined, xynK gene was found to consist of 1,227 base-pair open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 409 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 48 kDa. The coding sequence was preceded by a putative ribosome binding site, the transcription initiation signals, and cia-acting catabolite responsive element. The deduced amino acids sequence of xylanase is similar to those of the xylanases from Hordeum vulgare (barley) and Clostridium thermocellum, with 39 and 31% identical residues, respectively. The amino acids sequence of this xylanase was quite different from those of the xylanases from other Bacillus species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.400-405
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• 2005

Wet-injury often occurs in upland cereals growing in the paddy field due to oxygen deficiency in the rhizosphere caused by excessive water in the soil. Under hypoxia, energy metabolism is diminished causing non­reversible damage to root cells. This study was conducted to investigate effects of hypoxia on root growth and enzymes involved in the fermentative energy metabolism in upland cereals including barley, wheat, rye and triticale. Young seedlings were subject to hypoxia for up to 7 days. Root fresh weight and dry weight were decreased significantly by hypoxia for 5 to 7 days in all cereal seedlings. Root growth retardation under hypoxia was lowest in barley. Hypoxia-induced increases in activity and isozyme expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were commonly observed in roots of all cereal seedlings. The inherent ADH activity levels were higher in barley but the hypoxia-induced increases in ADH activities were lowest in barley than other cereals. The inherent LDH activity levels were lower in barley and the hypoxia-induced increases in LDH activities were lower in barley than other cereals. The results suggest the importance of the rapid enhancement of fermentative enzyme systems for increased tolerance to hypoxia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.702-707
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• 2004

In native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Pangasius polyuranodon, the lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) $A_4$, $A_3$B, $A_2$$B_2$,$AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were expressed in various tissues. The LDH $A_4$ and liver-specific $C_4$ isozymes were expressed in the tissues of Hypostomus Plecostomus. The bands of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart and eye tissues were not detected while one band was detected in kidney and liver, and four bands were detected in brain. The detected one band in liver was identified as alcohol dehydrogenase and an anodal band of skeletal muscle was identified as nothing dehydrogenase. The LDH in skeletal muscle, heart and eye might function as pyruvate reductase. The degree of inhibitions of LDH in skeletal muscle and heart of P. polyuranodon by 10 mM pyruvate were measured 57.6% and 73.8%, respectively. However, those of LDH in tissues of H. plecostomus were measured 52.7-61.8% so tissue specificity did not appear. Therefore, H. ple-costomus might be more acclimated to hypoxic environment by anaerobic metabolism of LDH iso-zymes than P. polyuranodon.