• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.591-600
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• 2013

This study investigated the changes in the nutraceutical lipid components of brown rice oil after germination. Four different high-yielding cultivars (Dasan1, Segyejinmi, Hanareum1 and Hanareum2) of Korean brown rice were selected and brown rice oil was extracted from each cultivar before and after germination. Free fatty acid, squalene, policosanols, and isomers of phytosterol were analyzed using GC, and isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were quantified using HPLC from both brown rice oil (BRO) and germinated brown rice oil (GBRO). The contents of phytosterol isomers, campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were increased by 8.3%, 31.6%, 3.3% in GBRO, respectively. Furthermore, the squalene content showed the highest increase of up to 2.4 fold in GBRO compared to BRO. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acid composition increased whereas oleic and palmitic acid decreased in the GRBO. However, the contents of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) in GBRO were lower than those in BRO, and there was no significant difference in policosanol and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol between GBRO and BRO. These results suggest that GBRO has the potential as a healthy and functional source due to its lipid profile on improved lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Numerous physiological effects are attributed to conjugated linoleic acid(CLA). The purpose of this study is to consider these effects with respect to the cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer. Both isomers are natural products. The c9,t11-CLA isomer is the principal dietary form of CLA, but the concentrations of this isomer and the t10,c12-CLA Isomer in dairy products or beef vary depending on the diet fed to cows or steers, respectively. The influence of dietary CLA isomers on the immune response was examined, body weight and weight ratio of organ to body of Balb/C mice. Mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice. Balb/C mice were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer : t10,c12-CLA isomer = 2:3) (Group 1), 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer t10,c12-CLA isomer : 1:1) (Group 2), 1% safflower oil (Group 3) or nothing (Control) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, serum, gut lumen lavage, fat, liver, spleen and thymus were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Serum levels of IgA and IgM showed that group fed with t10,c12-CLA isomer significantly were higher than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In addition serum level of IgG showed that group fed with t10,c9-CLA isomer significantly were lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. However, no significantly differences were observed in the serum IgE and secretory IgA. Weight ratio of spleen to body showed no significant differences. In weight ratio of liver and thymus to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively higher than group fed with c9,t11-CLA isomer. In weight ratio of fat to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In conclusion, t10,c12-CLA isomer produced a situation favorable for immunopotentiative effect and body composition. But it should be protected against hepatomegaly induced lipid accumulation in liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2007

HPLC quantifications of fresh and cooked (steamed/microwaved) spinach, one of the most frequently consumed vegetables in foodservice operations, were carried out to determine carotenoids compositions. An S-3 $\mu$m C30 stationary phase for reversed-phase columns with diode-array detection was used to separate and quantify geometric isomers of provitamin A carotenoids in the fresh and cooked spinach. The carotenoids in fresh spinach were identified and quantified: Lutein (63.0%), $\beta$-carotene isomers (all-trans 29.6%, 9-cis 3.2%, 13-cis 1.8%, $\alpha$-carotene 0.4%, zeaxanthin 2.1%) and cryptoxanthin. Cryptoxanthin, detected in a trace amount in HPLC, was not quantified in this study. Lutein was little affected by cooking methods and frozen conditions. 9-cis and 13-cis-$\beta$-carotene isomers were major types formed during cooking. Cooking (steam/microwave) did not alter carotenoid profiles of the samples, but the amounts of carotenoids quantified were greater than those in the fresh samples. Heat treatment such as steaming increased total carotenoids contents, especially trans-$\beta$-carotene (p<0.05). The carotenoid contents of the frozen spinach increased even after the microwaved treatment (p<0.05). These increases were likely to result from the increased extraction efficiency and inactivation of enzymes capable of carotenoids degrading during the heat treatments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.3111-3114
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2005

• 월간산업보건
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• s.268
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• pp.25-27
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• 2010

Pentane과 그것의 이성질체에 대한 TLV-TWA는 600 ppm($1770\;mg/m^3$)으로 권고하고 있다. 이 수치는 염증이나 혼수 마비 상태를 최소화하기 위해 설정되었다. 권고된 TLV는 마비 효과를 억제하기 위한 충분한 안전 범위를 제공해 준다. 그러나 매우 높은 농도에 만성적으로 노출되면 다발 신경성 홍반 수종증을 유발할 수 있다는 가능성은 헥산의 신경독성과 비교했을 때 pentane이 낮은 독성이라 하여도 무시할 수는 없다. 피부(skin), 감작제(SEN), 발암성, TLV-STEL에 대한 수치는 충분한 데이터가 확보되지 않아 현재는 권고하지 않고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.225-228
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• 1999

The formation of dioxin (term used here to refer to both polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDDS, and dibenzofurans, PCBFs) in combustion processes is of concern because of the extreme toxicities of some of these compounds and because of their resistance to degradation in the environment. The number and location of chlorine substituents differentiate dioxin homologues and isomers, respectively. There are a total of 75 PCDD congeners and 135 PCDF congeners.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2002

In the past two decades, separations of enantiomers (optical isomers) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have remarkably advanced ［1］. Among many commercially available chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for HPLC, polysaccharide-based CSPs are the most popular ones, which can cover the resolution of a wide range of the chiral compounds ［2, 3, 4］. Here, I will explain mainly the HPLC separation of enantiomers using these CSPs. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1871-1874
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• 2014

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1991

The existence in nature of two isomers of 28-nortriterpenes is known. One is normal D/E cis form and the other is $17\alpha$-hydrogen D/E trans form. Since the latter cannot exist with ring D in the chair conformation, the chiroptical method is not applicable to determination of the absolute configuration. The stereochemical assignment would now be made by NMR data. Confirmation of this view could be provided by the synthesis of $3\beta, 21\beta-{dihydroxy-16-keto-28-nor-17}\alpha, \;18\beta-{olean-12-ene}$ as a model compound.