• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.100-109
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop a 'star-car' operational program combining with the STEAM program and the PEST method for motivating elementary school students who belonged to less favored areas in terms of scientific culture to get an interest in astronomy and appropriately forming scientific concepts of Astronomy and Space and, subsequently, to examine the effectiveness of the program. For the purposes to be feasible, 5 experts participated in the study. They set a development direction of the program through a workshop, developed a draft with respect to a mobile astronomical observatory program of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, and then complete the development of the program through one trial application. The program which was developed in the study applied the STEAM program and targeted the elementary school students who lived in isolated regions of the scientific culture. The results of the research were as follows. First, The mobile astronomical observatory program developed in this study was improved as a program which stimulated the curiosity of elementary school students in all grades towards the Astronomy and Space. Second, The program developed in the study consisted of 11 periods in total; one period was for the presentation of the situation, five periods for emotional experience, the other five periods for creative design. Third, The results of analyzing the students' satisfaction were turned out to be effective in general. Judging from the aforementioned results, the mobile astronomical observatory program is expected to enhance learners' core competencies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2010

Bovine brucellosis, an important zoonosis, is diagnosed with serological tests such as the RBT, TAT using inactivated whole bacterial cells or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen in Korea. However, a strong cross-reaction between Brucella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica O9 in these tests has seriously complicated the diagnosis of animal brucellosis because Brucella spp. shares common antigenic determinants with Y. enterocolitica O9 in the smooth LPS region. In this study, Brucella-field strains were isolated from Brucellapositive Hanwoo in Kimhae, Korea and outer membrane protein (omp) which has low cross-reaction with Y. enterocolitica O9 and high immunogenicity was extracted from the field strains Then we compared ELISA using the extract with RBT-TAT. Fifteen field strains were isolated from 47 supra-mammary-lymph nodes, which were collected from 18 farms. Isolation rate was 32%. Brucella-specific antigen was identified by performing SDS-PAGE or Western blotting on extracted omp with at 0.5% n-lauroylsarcosine One hundred and ninety-two serum-samples were used in the experiment: 142 negative and 50 positive samples verified by RBT-TAT. According to ELISA results, 127 samples were negative and 15 appeared positive among 142 negatives by RBT-TAT, while 42 samples were positive and 8 were negative among 50 positives by RBT-TAT. Therefore, it showed 89.4% of specificity and 84% of sensi-tivity. Through the current experiments, we could set up an ELISA based on the omp which has low cross-reaction and high immunogenicity and concluded that the omp could be a good material for accurate diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

Single spores were isolated from infected roots of Chinese cabbage with a typical clubroot symptom, collected from different Chinese cabbage cultivation areas in Korea. When the single spore isolates were inoculated on Chinese cabbage, radish, turnip, kale, leaf mustard and Williams' differential varieties, among 321 roots harvested two weeks after inoculation, a visual symptom was observed on only one root and light/uncommon symptoms were done on 70 roots. These 71 individuals were homogenized and used as inocula. These inocula caused generally higher pathogenicity than that of single spore. Finally 15 isolates, with enough growth for conducting further experiment, were selected. These 15 individuals were grouped four, seven, two and two into race 1, race 4, race 9 and race 11, respectively, using Williams' differential set. It was confirmed that race 4 were dominantly present in Korea. These 15 had been obtained from roots of Chinese cabbages, radishes and turnips inoculated with single resting spores and had shown pathogenicity to Laurentian and Wilhelmsburger belong to Rutabaga in Williams' differential variety set. Therefore, we assume that such characteristic pathotypes including race 4, especially, of P. brassicae showing strong pathogenicity to Chinese cabbage, radish and turnip may be dominant in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 1996

The Salmonella rfb gene encoding for the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide-repeating units of the O-antigenic determinants was cloned and sequenced. A set of nucleotide primers(a forward and reverse) was selected to target a defined region of the guanosine diphospho-mannose(GDP-Man) pyrophosphorylase synthase gene : rfbM of Salmonella C serogroup. The primer set was used to develop a PCR-based rapid and specific detection system for Salmonella C1 serogroup. Amplification bands of predicted size(1,422bp) were generated from 11 different Salmonella C1 isolates. The bands were verified to be specific for the C1 serogroup by Southern blot analysis using reference homologous DNA specificity was further confirmed by the lack of reactivity with heterologous DNA derived from non-salmonella members of the family enterobacteriaeceae. A specificity of 100% was deduced along with a very high sensitivity shown by a detection limit of 1fg of a purified DNA template. The isolated DNA sequence was found to be 99.8% homologous to S montevideo but the related primers amplified with the predicted band sizes with all the Salmonella C1 serogroups tested. It is concluded that the PCR protocol based on the rfbM gene from S cholerasuis is optimal fast and specific for the detection of Salmonella C1 serogroup and also the corresponding probe is suitable for rapid detection of all Salmonella C1 serogroup DNA tested. This technology should facilitate the identification of contaminated pig products and for any other products contaminated with the Salmonalla C1 serogroup. The immediate impact of this developed method will be in the area of food safety of pig products with the potential prospect for adaptation to other food inspection technologies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Raw and washed spinaches were tested to evaluate the incidences of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from spinach samples, and identified by morphological and biochemical methods, including API and ATB identification systems. Isolates from MacConkey, Cereus Selective, Clostridium Perfringens, and Baird-Parker agar media were in 99.9, 99.8, 99.9, and 97.8% agreements with A. hydrophila, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and S. aureus at the species level, respectively. SET-RPLA revealed, among the five strains of S. aureus isolates, two produced type A enterotoxin. All five strains of B. cereus isolates produced enterotoxin as revealed with CRET-RPLA.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 1996

The planting plan for the establishment of Eco-bridge were suggested to restore the ecosystem where has been ecologically isolated by rood construction in Chimgogae of Odaesan National Park. Eco-bridge contributes as a corridors to the faunal movement. To survey the vegetation, 16 plots within 6 sites were selected and 10 by 10 meters in size set up. In the results of Chingogae's vegetation analysis, succession trends was from Quercus mongolica to Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Tilia amurensis and so on. It turned out that the nearer sites had high similariyt and vegetation continuity obviously in the similarity index analysis. In the analysis of the number of species and individuals, final step of planting plan needs about 15 species and 10~12 trees, 17~18 subtrees and 100 shrubs in size 100m$^{2}$. Planting species was selected from adjacent sites. The plant species suited for the eco-bridge establishment in this area can be suggested such as Carpinus cordata, Cornus controversa, Q. mongolica etc. and 12 subtree and shrub such as Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, Sambucus williacsii var. coreaca, Acer pseudosieboldianum and so on.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-317
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• 2017

This study aims to explore how Korean middle-school mathematics textbooks on functions provide students an opportunity-to-learn [OTL]. For this purpose, we investigate 3 textbooks in terms of mathematics content and practice, the level of cognitive demands of mathematical tasks, types of student responses, types of context-based tasks, and connections among the tasks. The findings from the data analysis suggest as follows: a) an opportunity-to-learn to connect procedures to functional concepts and new ideas of functions to the existing one is very limited; b) the textbooks seem to provide students an OTL to understand functions as definitions, rules and conventions and to experience repeatedly procedural executions through worked examples and mathematics tasks; c) students may not experience to explain their own ideas/thinking by using mathematical sentence or justify their own cognitive processes; and d) students can be exposed to get a sense of mathematics as a set of fragmented and isolated facts or procedures, rather than to encourage to expand and deepen their understanding of functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.67.1-67
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• 2003

Phytophthora blight is a devastating disease of pepper and occurs almost anywhere peppers are grown. Phytophthora blight is caused by Phytophthora capsici and this pathogen can infect every part of the plant by moving inoculum in the soil, by infecting water on surface, by aerial dispersal to sporulating lesions. Management of Phytophthora blight currently relies on cultural practices, crop rotation, and use of selective fungicides. Since these treatments are a short-term management, a classical breeding for development of resistant pepper against the Phytophthora is an alternative. So far some of the resistant cultivars have been on the market, but those are limited regionally and commercially. Therefore, ultimately an elite line resistant against this disease should be developed, if possible, by biotechnology. We have set out a series of work recently in order to develop Phytophthora resistant pepper cultivar. For the first time, the cDNA microarray analysis was peformed using an EST chip that holds around 5000 pepper EST clones to identify genes responsive to Phytophthora infection. Total RNA samples were obtained from Capsicum annuum PI201234 after inoculating P. capsici to roots and soil and exposed to the chip. .Around 900 EST clones were up-regulated and down-regulated depending on the two RNA sample tissues, leaf and root. From those, we have found 55 transcription factors that may be involved in gene regulation of the disease defense mechanism. Further and in detail information will be provided in the poster.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2004

A degenerate set of PCR primers based on two conserved regions (heme binding region and oxygen ligand pocket) were designed and successfully applied to amplify DNA fragments of cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP) genes from a rare actinomycetes, S. benihana. The PCR amplified products were employed as a DNA probe to clone the entire CYP genes from S. benihana genomic library. Five different CYP-positive cosmids were isolated by colony hybridization as well as PCR confirmation. The complete nucleotide sequencing of five different CYP genes revealed that each unique CYP showed a significant amino acid homology to previously-known CYP genes involved in streptomycetes secondary metabolism. In addition, four CYP genes (CYP502, CYP503, CYP504, CYP506) were found to be linked to ferredoxin genes in the chromosome, and the CYP503 gene showed the high degree of amino acid similarity to the previously well-characterized CYP105 family in streptomycetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1987

In the life style of the neolithic age, cooking and sleeping space was in one room dugout without differentiation of spaces, so to say one room system. Ro(a kind of primitive fire place) was used for both cooking and heating. However, in the early part of the Iron Age, the uses of Ro were separated into two major uses of cooking and heating. Especially, L-shaped Kudle(an unique under floor heating structure of Korea) was invented for the new system of heating, extending to Koguryo Period. The life style of Koguryo Dynasty could be seen through the mural paintings of tombs. For these mural paintings contain of cooking space(Kitchen), meat storage, and mill house drawing, we can recognize that houses were specialized many quaters according to their function. Also a kitchen fuel hole for preparing food was built without relation to L-shaped Kudle. But during Koryo Period, Kudle could be set up all over the room, the so-called Ondol(the unique Korean panel heating system) settled down. From this development of heating system, room could be adjacent to kitchen, and kitchen fuel hole and heating fuel hole be onething. This system was developed with variety, extending to Chosun Dynasty. In the period of Chosun Dynasty, a kitchen was made close to an Anbang(Woman's living room), and Anbangs Ondol was heated by the warmth of a cooking fireplace. Therefore Handae Puok, outer kitchen was used in summer. As for its storage space, it was seen that there were a pantry near the kitchen and a store house constructed as an independant building. In the latter, it was devided into a firewood storage, a Kimchi storage, and a rice storage, etc. Especially it is a unique feature that 'Handae-Duyju', an outer rice chest which keeps rice, was constructed as an isolated small building.