• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2001

Isoflurane and enflurane are currently used on orthognathic surgery in Korea. Since starting to use enflurane and isoflurane in orthognathic surgery, we have questioned their effect on liver function. Many studies have reported liver function after enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Although both enflurane and isoflurane are less hepatotoxic than halothane, some cases of liver dysfunction have been reported after enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. And, we know that isoflurane is less hepatotoxic than its predecessors, enflurane. But, fulminant liver failure and necrosis were also reported after isoflurane anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare immediate liver function in healthy orthognathic surgical patients receiving enflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. To assess the effect of enflurane and isoflurane on liver function, we measured pre-and post-operative serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total bilirubin(Tbil).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.460-463
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 돼지에서 수술 시 propofol 및 isoflurane 투여가 생체내 항산화효소 활성도에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 실험동물은 수술에 사용되는 마취 종류에 따라 isoflurane 그룹 (group 1; 100% 산소 및 2-2.5% isoflurane 투여)과 isoflurane-propofol 그룹 (group 2; 8 mg/kg/h propofol 정맥 투여, 100% 산소 및 0.5-1% isoflurane 투여)으로 나누었다. 그룹 1에서는 마취 전과 비교 시 수술 후 생체내 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 활성도가 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 그룹 2에서는 마취 전 수준을 유지하였다. 또한 모든 효소 수치에서 군간 비교 시 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 propofol의 투여가 돼지에서 마취 및 수술 중 항산화 능력을 유지 할 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Objective : Transient anterograde amnesia is occasionally observed in a number of conditions, including migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and after general anesthesia. The inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, is known to induce transient anterograde amnesia. We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia. Methods : Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : the control group, the 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group, and the 2 hours after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group (n=8 in each group). The rats in the isoflurane-exposed groups were anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane in 75% nitrous oxide and 25% oxygen for 2 hours in a Plexiglas anesthetizing chamber. Short-term memory was determined using the step-down avoidance task. BDNF and TrkB expressions in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Results : Latency in the step-down avoidance task was decreased 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, whereas it recovered to the control level 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusion : In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2015

본 연구는 비글견에서의 마취 효과에 있어서 isoflurane과 병용시에 두가지 opioid 약물을 비교, 아이소플루란/레미펜타닐과 아이소플루란/펜타닐 조합의 마취간의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. Isoflurane은 0.5 MAC으로 유지하고, opioid 약물은 등속으로 정맥 주입하였다. 각 개체에서 마취를 2시간 동안 유지한 뒤, isoflurane과 opioid 약물을 중단하고서 안구가 제 위치를 찾는 시간(eye global positioning time), 연하 반사가 나타나는 시간(gag reflex time), 머리를 드는 시간(head up time), 엎드림 자세가 나타나는 시간(sternal recumbency time), 서는 시간(standing time), 걷는 시간(walking time), 그리고 마취에서 완전히 회복된 시간(complete recovery time)을 기록하였다. 두가지 조합 모두 전 과정에 걸쳐 양호한 마취상태를 유지함과 동시에 빠를 회복 시간을 보여 비글견의 마취에 적합하였다. 한편, 회복 시간에 있어 아이소플루란/레미펜타닐 조합은 아이소플루란/펜타닐 조합에 비해 그 변동 계수가 낮아 좀 더 신뢰할 만한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 환자의 중등도가 높고, 안정적인 회복이 요구될 때에는 아이소플루란/레미펜타닐 조합의 마취가 더 좋은 선택일 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2004

Anesthetic machines may be equipped with either a precision or nonprecision vaporizer. A precision vaporizer is designed to deliver an exact concentration of anesthetic agent. Goldman vaporizer is a low-flow, closed-circle circuit with a low resistance vaporizer, in circuit. Vaporizers used within circle system(VIC) are not usually temperature compensated and this is generally thought to be a disadvantage. As the volatile agent is vaporized, heat is extracted from the liquid and temperature decreases. This cooling of the liquid leads to a decrease in concentration of the anaesthetic agent delivered by the vaporizer. The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanical consistency of the delivery of isoflurane from Goldman vaporizer and precision vaporizer at various gas flow rates and temperatures. And we first studied isoflurane concentration according to room temperature changes delivered by a Goldman vaporizer and precision vaporizer using different gas flow. The room temperature of $15^{\circ}C,$ $20^{\circ}C,$ $28^{\circ}C$ and fresh gas flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 l/min were used. The inspired agent concentration was measured using a Datex-Ohmeda multigas analyzer. As rose in room temperature, the isoflurane concentration of precision vaporizer approximated the dial setting. On the other hand, at a dial setting concentration of 5.0 percent the delivered isoflurane concentration of precision vaporizer was more than the dial setting in high temperature. The isoflurane concentration of precision vaporizer remained constant despite the increase in temperature. The isoflurane concentration of Goldman vaporizer was increased with rise in room temperature and decreased with rise in gas flow.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2016

This study aimed to explore the neuroprotection and mechanism of isoflurane on rats with spinal cord ischemic injury. Total 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the four groups (n=10). Group A was sham-operation group; group B was ischemia group; group C was isoflurane preconditioning group; group D was isoflurane preconditioning followed by ischemia treatment group. Then the expressions of TWIK-related $K^+$ channel 1 (TREK1) in the four groups were detected by immunofluorescent assay, real time-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and western blot. The primary neurons of rats were isolated and cultured under normal and hypoxic conditions. Besides, the neurons under two conditions were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TREK1 and lentivirual to overexpress and silence TREK1. Additionally, the neurons were treated with isoflurane or not. Then caspase-3 activity and cell cycle of neurons under normal and hypoxic conditions were detected. Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH) was detected using NAD+/NADH quantification colorimetric kit. Results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of TREK1 increased significantly in group C and D. In neurons, when TREK1 silenced, isoflurane treatment improved the caspase-3 activity. In hypoxic condition, the caspase-3 activity and sub-G1 cell percentage significantly increased, however, when TREK1 overexpressed the caspase-3 activity and sub-G1 cell percentage decreased significantly. Furthermore, both isoflurane treatment and overexpression of TREK1 significantly decreased NADH. In conclusion, isoflurane-induced neuroprotection in spinal cord ischemic injury may be associated with the up-regulation of TREK1.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.418-430
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• 2024

Objective : Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure. Methods : This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 µM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. Results : A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 µM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 µM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment. Conclusion : The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

본 연구는 tramadol과 medetomidine이 개에서 isoflurane의 최소폐포농도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. Isoflurane의 최소폐포농도는 1 ml의 생리식염수(control), $2{\mu}g$/kg의 medetomidine (M2), 4 mg/kg의 tramadol (T4), $2{\mu}g$/kg medetomidine과 4 mg/kg tramadol (M2T4)의 투여 네 가지 경우에 따라 측정되었다. 실험 중 심박수, 혈압, 호흡수, 호기말 이산화탄소분압, 혈중산소포화도, 체온을 측정하였다. M2, T4, M2T4 투여 후 isoflurane의 최소 폐포농도는 각각 $0.81{\pm}0.17%$, $0.81{\pm}0.14%$, $0.62{\pm}0.13%$로 대조군$1.13{\pm}0.19%$ 에 비해서 낮았다. 심박수는 M2, T4, M2T4 투여 시 낮았고 혈압은 M2T4투여 시에만 유의적으로 높았다. Tramadol 과 medetomidine의 투여 및 두 약물의 혼합투여는 isoflurane의 최소폐포농도를 유의적으로 낮추었다. 특히 tramadol과 medetomidine의 혼합투여는 마취제의 절감효과와 심혈관계에 있어 변화가 적기 때문에 전마취제로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.153-155
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress induced by volatile anesthetics in pigs. One group of pigs was used as an anesthesia control group (group 1), and they were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intravenously. The other group (group 2) was anesthetized with isoflurane and injected intravenously with vitamin C. Total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, and the oxidative stress index in group 2 were significantly different compared with those in group 1. The results showed that intravenous administration of vitamin C decreased oxidative stress during isoflurane anesthesia in pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2001

Background: Recent in vivo experimental evidence suggests that isoflurane-induced cardioprotection may involve $K_{ATP}$ channel activation. However, it was demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited $K_{ATP}$ channel activities in the inside-out patch mode. To explain this discrepancy, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that a metabolite of isoflurane, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), contributes to isoflurnae-induced cardioprotection via $K_{ATP}$ channel activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: Single ventricular myocytes were isolated from rabbit hearts by an enzymatic dissociation procedure. Patch-clamp techniques were used to record single-channel currents. $K_{ATP}$ channel activities were assessed before and after the application of TFA with the inside-out patch mode. Results: TFA enhanced channel activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. The concentration of TFA for half-maximal activation and the Hill coefficient were 0.03 mM and 1.2, respectively. TFA did not affect the single channel conductance of $K_{ATP}$ channels. Analysis of open and closed time distributions showed that TFA increased burst duration and decreased the interburst interval without changes in open and closed time distributions shorter than 5 ms. TFA diminished ATP sensitivity of $K_{ATP}$ channels in a concentration-response relationship for ATP. Conclusions: TFA, a metabolite of isoflurane, enhanced $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results imply that TFA could mediate isoflurane-induced cardioprotection via $K_{ATP}$ channel activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.