• 영어어문교육
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• 제6호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

It has been one of the puzzles in the English syntax that so called the rule of subject-auxiliary inversion (SAI) is not allowed in subject wh-movement while it is not obligatory in non-subject wh-movement in a root sentence. This asymmetry has been a puzzle since SAI itself was thought to be a part of question construction as we can observe from yes/no questions. The asymmetry gets more complicated in terms of sentence embedding, i.e no SAI is permitted in the embedded context in question. The goal of this paper is to suggest an unified analysis for this unsolved grammatical phenomena on the basis of Rizzi (1997)'s recent work. The main idea is that SAI is not a I-to-C movement but one of I-to-Focus where Focus is a functional category and its phrase is located between CP and IP. The other proposal is that Wh-movement is no more homogeneous in terms of landing site between a root and an embedded sentence: the target for a wh-phrase in the former is the Spec of FocP (Focus Phrase) but the one in the latter is the Spec of CP as the standard theory assumes. Pesetsky (l999)'s analysis is discussed and its theoretical and empirical shortages are pointed out. Its rather radical proposals such as the one that the nominative case is just an uninterpretable tense feature of DP and the other that 'that' is no longer a complementizer but an element of I(nflection) make it less acceptable in spite of the possibility that it can get rid of Case theory entirely, which would be ideal in the spirit of minimalism.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to identify the important marriage variables influencing fertilty. The data on which this study is based was selected from the survey data which was nation-widely collected from 2,824 married women in 1989 as the Korean. Family Function Study performed by the Korea Institute for Population and Health. The data was analyzed by the methods such as Cross Tabulation, Pearson's Correlation, and Multiple Regression. And the data analysis was processed by SPSS. The results are as follows. 1. There are differences in fertility according to the socioeconomic factor. The higher the educational level of a married woman is the lower the fertility level. And if the decision of marriage was made by herself, the fertility level is significantly low. As the duration of living in a large city is longer and the educational level of her husband is higher, the fertility level is low. 2. There are differences is fertility according to the demographic factor. As the first marriage age of her and her husband, the fertility level was low. And when a couple doesn't live with the husband's parents and the size of a family is small, the fertility level is low. 3. Finally the factors affecting fertility were analyzed by the Stepwised Multiple Regression. The result shows that as the educational level of a married woman is higher, she herself decides the marriage, the first marriage level of her is higher, the size of a family is small, her husband is higher, the fertility level is low.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.207-228
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• 2011

IT governance is an integral part of enterprise governance and consists of the leadership, organizational structures, and processes that ensure organization's IT decision making for achieving organizational goal. Most firms have failed to resolve the balance in building IT governance. The challenge is to align IT strategy with business strategy in establishing and implementing effective IT governance. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between IT governance implementation factors and IS effectiveness, and the moderating effect of strategic alignment of IS strategy with business strategy on IS effectiveness. IT governance implementation factors consist of IT vendor management, IT human resource management, and IT infrastructure. Strategic alignment was measured as the alignment between business strategic orientation and IS strategic orientation that used in the research of Chan et al.(1997). In the relationship between three IT governance implementation factors and IS effectiveness, the results of multiple regression analyses showed that IT human resource management is an important determinant to influence IS effectiveness. The additional analysis using multiple regression showed that strategic alignment of IS strategy with business strategy has moderated the relationship between IT governance implementation factors and IS effectiveness.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.163-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is analysis of fusion cuisine recipe a gathering datum and informations for development of the fusion cuisine. The fusion cuisine is a new creative cuisine that come from a mixing between different cuisine recipe especially eastern cuisine wi th western cuisine. The fusion food is becoming a world popular food since 1980's. In Korea, the fusion food is favorite food is needed for development of the fusion cuisine, and we are able to get the datum and informations from mass media such as cuisine journals, newspapers and internet web site. Results of the analysis are as follows : 1. The fusion cuisine that core stuff is the grain have features that make a use of a spice and fat such as butter and olive oil. Boiling is used most frequently as a way of cooking among the grain centred fusion cuisine. Spagetti is used very after as a stuff for the fusion food. 2. The fusion cuisine that core stuff is meat make use of unusual meat such as the pigeons and spicery, and its popular cooking way is a baking. 3, The fusion cuisine that core stuff is a fish make use of herbs and alchole to get rid of a fishy smell, and various sauces are used for promoting taste and styling. 4. The fusion cuisine that core stuff is fruit and vegetables make use of boiling as cooking ways most frequently, but in the case that cook try to keep nutritive qualities, baking is used most frequently. 5. In beverage centred fusion cuisine, mixing of alchole with juice is most popular, its taste and color is unusually gorgeous.

• 복식
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• 제31권
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• pp.203-214
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• 1997

The neck is the human body is closely con-nected with the life and properties of keeping warm as one of the opening part in clothes. In ancient times it was put on necklace for the protection of neck and in Rome it was worn muffler called focale for the protection of neck throat. in addition cravat directly originated in necktie today was primarily worn for the protection of soldier's neck and has been turned into decorative purpose until today. As the ornament is developed to vari-ous kinds of form the neck decoration is changed and grown again and again. Therefore this thesis studies history of the neckwear and various the symbolic factor. The first factor is the social. The neckwear shows the social position class and status and does social mutual interaction as conversation starters. The second factor is the mental It express individuality fondness attitude and is felt to be indignity by being forced to be worn. The third factor is the political. it shows political tendency by indicating the royal sign or part's sign in necktie like the French royal-ist's green muffler The forth factor is the man's sexual. I expresses wearing stock being brave symbol-izing independence. The sixth factor is the traditional. It is worn with appearing traditionand custom and one of cultural movements. The seventh factor is the ideological. It symbolizes the freedom of suffragettes and emancipation of woman. The social factor is the most extensive among them. The neckwear is various in the way of expression like its kinds and is generalized, It functions as a independent part of clothes.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.1305-1319
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• 2014

A submodule N of a right R-module M is called coneat if for every simple right R-module S, any homomorphism $N{\rightarrow}S$ can be extended to a homomorphism $M{\rightarrow}S$. M is called coneat-flat if the kernel of any epimorphism $Y{\rightarrow}M{\rightarrow}0$ is coneat in Y. It is proven that (1) coneat submodules of any right R-module are coclosed if and only if R is right K-ring; (2) every right R-module is coneat-flat if and only if R is right V -ring; (3) coneat submodules of right injective modules are exactly the modules which have no maximal submodules if and only if R is right small ring. If R is commutative, then a module M is coneat-flat if and only if $M^+$ is m-injective. Every maximal left ideal of R is finitely generated if and only if every absolutely pure left R-module is m-injective. A commutative ring R is perfect if and only if every coneat-flat module is projective. We also study the rings over which coneat-flat and flat modules coincide.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.199-199
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• 2000

Korean stops are 3 system: aspirated, fortis, lenis, whereas English stops are 2 system: voiced, voiceless. Because in Korean, lenis stop is realized by slight aspirated voiceless stop, it is likely to produce English word initial voiced stop as voiceless stop. We divide subjects into three group-native, experienced, unexperienced- and investigate differences between group. VOT of experienced group IS same as native group, but VOT of unexperienced group is longer than native group. VOt of unexperienced group is 1.8 times than native group. We survey whether the height of following vowel influences VOT of initial stop. As a result, for all group, VOT followed by low vowel is shorter than VOT followed by high vowel. But this tendency is more salient in unexperienced group. For high vowel, VOT of unexperienced group is 2.05 times than native group, whereas for low vowel, it is just 1.55 times. The unexperienced pronounce well English word initial voiced stop followed by low vowel than high vowel. Samples are divided into two group according to type of coda consonant- nasal and voiceless stop. But average of VOT is similar and there is no significant difference between two groups. There is no influence by type of coda consonant. The average of phrases is compared to the average of isolated words. In the case of natives and experienced, there is no significant differences between phrases and words, but in the case of unexperienced, VOT of phrases becomes shorter than words. But VOT of unexperienced is still longer than native group.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1944-1956
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• 2016

The Digital Video Broadcasting-Common Scrambling Algorithm is an ETSI-designated algorithm designed for protecting MPEG-2 signal streams, and it is universally used. Its structure is a typical hybrid symmetric cipher which contains stream part and block part within a symmetric cipher, although the entropy is 64 bits, there haven't any effective cryptanalytic results up to now. This paper studies the security level of CSA against impossible differential cryptanalysis, a 20-round impossible differential for the block cipher part is proposed and a flaw in the cipher structure is revealed. When we attack the block cipher part alone, to recover 16 bits of the initial key, the data complexity of the attack is O(2^44.5), computational complexity is O(2^22.7) and memory complexity is O(2^10.5) when we attack CSA-BC reduced to 21 rounds. According to the structure flaw, an attack on CSA with block cipher part reduced to 21 rounds is proposed, the computational complexity is O(2^21.7), data complexity is O(2^43.5) and memory complexity is O(2^10.5), we can recover 8 bits of the key accordingly. Taking both the block cipher part and stream cipher part of CSA into consideration, it is currently the best result on CSA which is accessible as far as we know.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the origin and daily dose of Gardeniae Fructus in Shanghanlun. Methods : Define the origin and daily dose of Gardeniae Fructus by searching Shanhanlun and Herbology Books(本草書). And Compared these with those of current Gardeniae Fructus. Results : According to Shanhanlun, the origin of Gardeniae Fructus is Gardenia jasminoides, but G. jasminoides f. longicarpa must excluded since originally it was used for dyeing. Among the 8 prescriptions containing Gardeniae Fructus, 15 Gardeniae Fructuses for the daliy dose in Chijabekpi-tang(Zhizibopi-tang) is assumed to be 14 Gardeniae Fructuses, as it is found 14 in many other prescriptions same in other prescriptions. The quantity of 14 Gardeniae Fructuses in Shananlun is 3 Ryang(兩), which is equal to 19.5 g in the current measurement. 1 Gardeniae Fructus is equal to 1.4 g. The length of the Gardeniae Fructus in the market which is produced in korea is 22-27 mm, and the diameter is 15-19 mm, whereas in China it is 20-25 mm, and the diameter is 13-18 mm. This meets the standard requirements of the Pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : As a result from above, the origin of Gardeniae Fructus is Gardenia jasminoides, but G. jasminoides f. longicarpa must be excluded. The recommended dose in a day is 14 Gardeniae Fructuses, which is equivalent to 19.5 g, the amount generally used in Shanhanlun.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the plan type of traditional folk housing in Jeoun-Nam Province. The building time of these houses is mainly from early 19C to early 20C and about 1,000 houses have been investigated. The conclusion of this research is 1. Small house is composed of kitchen, one or two rooms and Marae(the place of storage and sacrificial rite). Big house has one more room and one more storage in comparison with the small house. Marae and Jeoungjibang(a room which is in front of kitchen) are characteristic rooms of folk house in Jeoun-Nam Province. 2. The plan type varies in Jeoun-Nam Province. '-'type is a main type of layout and it is arranged a kitchen, a big room, a Marae and a small room in order. In the big house, jeoungjibang(the third room) is added. 3. In the southwestern Island area, no room is arranged beside Marae. Marae has characteristic confucian order because it is the place of sacrificial rite. Therefore there is a great difference in comparison with other area. 4. In the mountain area such as Gurae, there are some houses which have two rooms arranged up and down in one side; that is, upside is Marae and downside is small room. This type is called Kyump Jip.