• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

This study examined the effect of parents' neglect behavior and children's irrational beliefs on children's anger expression style. The participants were 379 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. The major findings were as follows. Children tended to perceive higher levels of their parents' cognitive and emotional neglect than physical and home environmental neglect. Boys perceived higher levels of their parents' physical, supervisory and home environmental neglect than girls, and girls showed higher level of excessively self-expecting belief than boys. There were statistically significant correlations between the parents' neglect behavior, their child's irrational beliefs and anger expression style. A regression analysis showed that parents' physical and cognitive neglect were predictors of children's anger control. Children's excessive apprehension and avoidance beliefs were the best predictors of children's anger-in, while children's deterministic belief was the best predictor of children's anger-out. Parents' physical neglect behavior appeared to be powerful predictor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2015

This study investigated the relationships between factors of aggression and satisfaction with life and the differences of irrational belief, primary secondary anger thought, and satisfaction with life among four groups classified based on the levels of hostility and verbal aggression. 268 middle school boys in Chungnam areas served as subjects. The results showed that hostility showed the most negative correlation with satisfaction with life. Stepwise regression analyses showed that hostility negatively predicted satisfaction with life, whereas verbal aggression positively predicted satisfaction with life. Factors of irrational belief, primary/secondary anger thought were negatively correlated with satisfaction with life. Analyses of variances revealed that covert hostility group showed higher scores on self-depreciation, disregard and disappointment in intimate relationship situation, hopelessness, whereas overt hostility group showed higher scores on derogation of others/revenge. In addition, covert hostility group showed lower scores on satisfaction with life than other groups. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.37-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of parent's neglectful behavior on children's irrational beliefs and their style of expressing anger. The subjects consisted of 354 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. The instruments used were the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale (Straus et al., 1995), the Irrational Belief Scales (Lee, 2004), and the Anger Expression Scale (Spielberger, Krasner, & Solomon, 1988). Data were analyzed by means of both descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0. The result of this study indicated that there were significant correlations between parent's neglectful behavior and the irrational beliefs and style of anger expression exhibited by the children concerned. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that, the effects of children's irrational beliefs on their anger was moderated by parent's neglectful behavior. The effects of children's irrational beliefs on their anger control was also moderated by parent's neglectful behavior. In conclusion, parent's neglectful behavior has a moderating effect upon a child's irrational beliefs as it relates to the style of anger expression as exhibited by their children.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2007

It is an orthodox in epistemology that only those things that affect the truth conduciveness of a belief are relevant to the epistemic rationality of the belief. I criticize this orthodox. In this paper, 1 claim that the epistemic worth of a subject affects the epistemic rationality of inquiries and resulting beliefs. More specifically, I argue that it is epistemically irrational to conduct an inquiry when it is about something unworthy of knowing, and that the epistemic irrationality of an inquiry in this sense makes the resulting beliefs epistemically irrational. After presenting my argument, I defend it from various possible criticisms. Then I explicate the implications of my argument that opposes the core assumptions of contemporary epistemology.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gambling environment factors (being around gambling, gambling ad access) and irrational gambling belief on the gambling behaviors of college students who experienced sports gambling. Methods : Study participants were 240 college students with sports gambling experience. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 18.0. Results : Being around gambling and sports gambling ad access have a statistically significant effect on irrational gambling beliefs, which have statistically significant statistical effects on gambling addiction. Self-regulation did not show statistically significant regulatory effects between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling addiction. Conclusions : It is necessary to take a proactive approach to minimize the negative effects of sports betting and to be aware of the rapidly changing sports gambling environment factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2018

Purpose: A mediated model of Korean college students' problem gambling based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathway model is developed and tested to explore mediating roles of self-control and irrational gambling beliefs in the association between emotionally vulnerable variables and problem gambling. Methods: 273 student participants recruited from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea responded. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, depression, anxiety, coping styles, irrational gambling belief, and self-control. Results: The modified research model provides a reasonable fit to the data. Depression, anxiety, reflective coping, irrational beliefs, and self-control turned out to have direct effects on problem gambling, while indirect effects were reported in some suppressive and reactive styles. These predictors account for 38% of the college students' problem gambling. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs for reducing depression, anxiety, irrational gambling beliefs, and increasing reflective coping and self-control are needed to prevent Korean college students'problem gambling.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.141-169
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• 2007

One of the most common feelings in everyday life is anger. Anger plays an important role in activating emotional energy and increasing intolerance when confronted with hardships, frustration and improper treatments. And it provides us with controlling interpersonal behavior, organizing internal, physiological, psychological process and various adaptive functions. If anger is not properly expressed, it brings about offensive attitude, leading to not only physical impairment but also anxiety in interpersonal relations and maladaptive to everyday life. For elementary school students, frequent quarrels, abusive words and defiant attitude toward adults are also caused by students' anger. Therefore, students' anger is one of the most difficult problems to be dealt with not only psychologically but also in elementary schools. In this respect, after investigating frequently experienced anger- inducing situations and inventing anger-inducing situation questionnaire, we postulated specific situations changing irrational belief into rational one. Based on these situations, we accounted for how to cope with anger inducing factors and change irrational belief into rational one, introducing several strategies needed to control anger, invented cognitive behavioral anger control program and tried to clarify the relationship between anger inducing experience and anger regulation ability. In order to derive usual anger-inducing situations, we made 180 students with fifth and sixth grade to record the reason why he/she got angry, mood, thought, behavior and result. Through this process, we could derive 47 situations bringing about anger and prepared anger-inducing situation questionnaire. It can be divided into 3 anger inducing situations by using factor analysis into 500 elementary students of fifth and sixth grade. Cognitive behavioral anger control program used in this study consists of 13 sessions. From first to fifth session, it is composed of 10 anger control methods to make students be aware of and control their anger. From sixth through thirteenth session, the relationship between irrational belief and anger inducing is introduced is focused on how irrational belief is changed into rational one. To examine the effects of the program, high anger students and the students lacking anger control are selected. Thirty students through pre-test using anger-inducing questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are taught the goals and procedures. Volunteer students and students with parents' consent allocated to experimental group (12 students) and the rest of the students are control group (12 students). Cognitive Behavioral Anger Control Program are applied every 50 minutes twice a week for 7 weeks and 4 weeks before and after this program, anger-inducing situation questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are practiced. Data collected in this study analyzed by SPSS and Kwakstat. In the middle of this program, quarterly reports and satisfaction measuratings were evaluated to examine whether there is verbal and non-verbal behavior change and students feel satisfied with the program. The results of this study are as follows: First, Cognitive-behavioral anger control program used in this study effectively reduced anger experience and lasted for 4 weeks. Second, cognitive behavioral anger control program increased students' ability to control anger inducing situations and also effective for 4 weeks. And its effect on verbal and non-verbal behaviour was very impressive Students come to realize that irrational belief is the cause of their anger and actively apply cognitive-behavioral anger control technique to themselves as well. Students became improved in their peer relations and felt confident in everyday life. The overall evaluation of this program can be listed as follows; "very satisfactory (91.67%)", "satisfactory (8.33%)", "very helpful (91.67%)", "helpful (8.33%). In this study we first investigated several anger-inducing situations and invented anger-inducing situation questionnaire and then applied cognitive behavioral anger control program in order to control their. anger and not to experience it. By creating workbooks and manuals this method can easily be used in school education settings.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

Background: Patients suffering from non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can interpret their chest pain wrongly despite having received a correct diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the relaxation method with metaphor therapy for reducing irrational beliefs and pain severity in patients with NCCP. Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial, 33 participants were randomly divided into a relaxation training group (n= 13), a metaphor therapy group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), and were studied for 4 weeks. The two tools used in this research were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) index for determining the degree of pain and the short version of the Jones Irrational Belief Test. Metaphor therapy and a relaxation technique based on ${\ddot{O}}$st's treatment were used as the interventions. The collected data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), a Chi-square test, and the Bonferroni procedure of post-hoc analysis. Results: The relaxation training method was significantly more effective than both metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in reducing the patients' beliefs of hopelessness in the face of changes and emotional irresponsibility, as well as the pain severity. Metaphor therapy was not effective on any of these factors. In fact, the results did not support the effectiveness of metaphor therapy. Conclusions: Regarding the effectiveness of the relaxation method as compared with metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in the control group, this study suggests that relaxation should be paid greater attention as a method for improving the status of patients. In addition, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of metaphor therapy in this area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.453-463
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the implicit narcissism of unmarried men and women in their 20s and 30s on the tolerance of violence in dating and the mediating effect of irrational relationship beliefs. To this end, major variables were measured through survey and statistical analysis was conducted on 215 unmarried men and women in their 20s and 30s who had experience in dating violence. Hierarchical regression was used to analyse the mediated effects of irrational relational beliefs in the relationship between intrinsic self-love propensity and dating violence tolerance, and hypothesis testing showed that introspective self-love affects the tolerance of dating violence. It was also found that irrational relationships were completely intertwined between implicit narcissism and dating violence tolerance. The results of these studies indicate that irrational interrelationships only affect the tolerance of dating violence. The results of this study are suggestive in that it can contribute to the development of counseling and education programs that can prevent dating violence by proving the mediating effect of irrational relationship beliefs about violence tolerance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3000-3006
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• 2012

We investigate whether the belief in good luck of stock traders influences their satisfaction with and their loyalty to a stock trading service. In particular, we tested whether the online stock traders who have irrational beliefs in good luck (e.g., I am a lucky person) (1) are satisfied with their online stock trading service more strongly and (2) stay with it longer than the online stock traders who have rational beliefs in good luck (e.g., luck does not exist). We have tested satisfaction, loyalty, and belief in good luck among 412 online stock traders and tested our two hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the academic research on service satisfaction and loyalty as well as provide implications to online stock trading service providers.