• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2012

Pulp is typically used for paper industry to manufacturing various types of papers. However simply chemical modification makes enable the pulp to a wide range of application in various industrial fields. To bring the polymerization the gamma ray irradiated on the mixture of kenaf and PEGMA in various dose ranges from 20 to 60 kGy. As a results, the graft degree of 20.0% was obtained from 475 g of gamma ray irradiated pulp and PEGMA. After the polymerization, the chemical structure and morphology of the surfaces were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. Chemical structure of grafted pulp has significantly growth in carbonyl content with increasing the radiation dose. Also surface morphology was distinctly changed with decreased the degree of roughness and increasing the diameter. These results were explained gamma ray irradiation improve performance of graft polymerization efficiency.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.384-392
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is in development of effective filter-type polymer adsorbent for removal of pollutants from wastewater by UV irradiation graft polymerization. Photografting of acrylic acid (AA) on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric using benzophenone (BP) as a photosensitizer was investigated. Inhibition of homopolymerization was achieved by adding various concentrations of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ and Mohr's salt. As AA concentration was increased, the degree of grafting was increased as to a specific value and then decreased, and the effect of BP concentration showed the same tendency. It was also found that the degree of grafting increased with reaction time and reaction temperature. Addition of the polyfunctional monomers and $H_2SO_4$ to the grafting system accelerated the photografting. The melting temperature, molecular weight and breaking stress and breaking strain were decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.176-176
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1983

Variance of whiteness after graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate and acrylamide onto bleached cellulose using Ce(IV) salt as initiators and the effect of homopolymer on the grafted fibers by photo-irradiation were studied. Also, the development of Yellowing were determined after carbon-arc radiation in a Fade-o-meter. The results were as follows: (1) Variation of whiteness of grafted cellulose fibers were influenced by graft-ratio, Inorganic-Organic Balance (IOB) of functional group in used monomers and adhering homopolymers on the grafed fibers. (2) Yellowing was not affected by the concentration of Ceric Ammonium Nitrate directly during reaction (eg. 0.008>0.006>0.014 M).

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2003

Polyester of linear homopolymer poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) was chemically modified through the formation of branched copolymer to improve the undesirable properties of fiber. Photo-induced graft copolymerization of the acrylic monomers acrylic acid (AA) and methyl acrylate (MA) in the liquid and vapor phase, respectively, onto N,N-dimetylformamide (DMF)-pretreated PET fibers was carried out. The effect of various synthesis conditions and DMF pretreatment of the PET on the graft yield was investigated. Grafting mechanism was analysed. The grafting was promoted by increasing DMF pretreatment temperature and amount of DMF retention in the fiber. The increasing biacetyl and monomer flow time, and irradiation time enhanced the grafting up to a certain amount and thereafter it decreased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

To increase the moisture content and thereby to reduce the static charge of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), thin layer surface photografting of acylamide (AAm) onto PAN fabrics by using benzophenone as a initiator with a mixtured solvent was carried. The effects of reaction conditions such as monomer, initiator concentrations, UV irradiation time and immersion time of fabrics on grafting were investigated. The percent grafting slightly increased with increasing monomer concentration, benzophenone concentration up to limiting value and thereafter decreased or level offed. The percent grafting was significantly increased with increasing irradiation and immersion times. The moisture regain increased with increasing the percent grafting. The static charge decreased with increasing the percent grafting.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1969

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Dacron and Nylon graft between the left innominate vein and the right atrial appendage. Two cases with typical superior vena cave syndrome treated by by-pass graft between the left innominate vein and the right atrial apepndage were presented. One of them was a 58 year old farmer who suffered from marked swelling of the neck and upper half of body, the other was a 50 years old government employee who had acutely progressive symptoms of superior vena cave obstruction. Both of cases revealed that [1] cubitel venous pressure was markedly increased. [2] tumors were noted in the posterior mediastinum by laminography. [3] preoperative cavogram showed the occlusion of superior vena cava and marked collaterals. Dacron and Nylon graft were inserted between the left innominate vein and the right atrial appendage. Postoperatively, the symptoms were relieved markedly, showing edema free face and decreased cubital venous pressure. Postoperative cavogram showed patent graft. Histologically the first case was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and the second as undifferentiated carcinoma, originated probably from bronchus. Total doses of 3150 r X-ray irradiation and 5000 mg of 5-FU were administered in each cases. The first case expired 11 months postoperatively without recurrence of superior vena cave obstruction symptom and the second case is living now without obstruction signs, 4 months after by-pass operation.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 2011

In this study, several poly(styrene-co-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)-grafted ETFE films were prepared by a simultaneous irradiation grafting method. After mixing of styrene/(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate(TMSPM) monomers with various solvents, the effects of various irradiation conditions such as total dose, dose rate and monomer concentration on the degree of grafting of the prepared membranes were investigated. Results indicated that the higher degree of grafting was obtained when acetone was used as a solvent. The formation of poly(styrene-co-TMSPM) grafts on the ETFE films was verified using FTIR spectrometry and the distribution of the poly(PTMSPM) graft polymer over the cross-section of the grafted film was confirmed using SEM-EDX instrument.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 1974

Radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto nylon fabric has been studied by "simultaneous irradiation" method to render its surface more hydrophilic. Nylon fabric immersed in monomer solution was irradiated in air or under vacuum with gamma-rays from Co-60. Most parts of polyacrylic acid formed on the surface of the fabric were extracted off from the fabric with 0.1% solution of sodium hydroxide at 10$0^{\circ}C$. The chemical components of the grafted product have been determined. By comparing graft polymer with ungrafted polyamide, the rate of water absorption and antistatic behavior are improved. improved.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1983

By controlling both the means of grafting and the cast-solution components, no degradation and dimensional change of radiation-induced graft polymerization were found. The electric resistance of styrene-cellulose acetate grafts increases with increasing styrene content, while those for the hydrophilic monomers show no marked effect. In comparison with the grafted cellulose acetate membrane by simultaneous irradiation method, the appearance of the grafted membrane by post-polymerization method was not markedly changed irrespective of the percent of grafting and radiation dose of electron beam or ${\gamma}$-ray. The combination of crosslinking agents such as divinyl benzene (OB) or trimethyl propane triacrylate (TMPT) in the VP:St:BPO system leads to gradual increase of the percent of grafting. The activation energy for grafting of St:VP:BPO solution onto cellulose acetate membrane was determined to be about 21.8 Kcal/mole over the range of 55$^{\circ}$-8$0^{\circ}C$. The initial rate of grafting (in %/hr) is proportional to the power 0.76 for dose intensities.