• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

Ellagic acid (EA), an antioxidant polyphenolic constituent of plant origin, has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities. This work aimed to clarify the skin anti-photoaging properties of EA in human dermal fibroblasts. The skin anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels as well as cell viability in dermal fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. When fibroblasts were exposed to EA prior to UV-B irradiation, EA suppressed UV-B-induced ROS and proMMP-2 elevation. However, EA restored total GSH and SOD activity levels diminished in fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. EA had an up-regulating activity on the UV-B-reduced Nrf2 levels in fibroblasts. EA, at the concentrations used, was unable to interfere with cell viabilities in both non-irradiated and irradiated fibroblasts. In human dermal fibroblasts, EA plays a defensive role against UV-B-induced oxidative stress possibly through an Nrf2-dependent pathway, indicating that this compound has potential skin antiphotoaging properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an indeciduous tree distributed in China, India, Miyanmar and Vietnam. Its heartwood has long been used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. In this study, antioxidative activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. and the effect of gamma irradiation on its chemical and biological properties were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) of Caesalpinia sappan L. was irradiated with 100 kGy of gamma ray. The dark red color of EtOAc fr. was significantly (p<0.05) removed by irradiation (Hunter L and b values increased and a value decreased). The total phenolic content of EtOAc fr. was 865 mg/g and it was increased to 1195 mg/g by gamma irradiation. DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of EtOAc fr. were very high and its activities were also increased by gamma irradiation. EtOAc fr. also inhibited the irradiation-induced DNA damage of lymphocyte as determined by comet assay. In conclusion, EtOAc fr. of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract showed high antioxidative activities in vitro. Furthermore, gamma irradiation on EtOAc fr. ameliorated the color and antioxidative properties. Therefore, it can be suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. may be a good material for antioxidant function and gamma irradiation may be applied for the improvement of chemical and biological properties of Caesalpinia sappan L.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3359-3365
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• 2010

The incorporation of microwave irradiation with the prevalent "click chemistry" is currently of considerable synthetic interest. We describe here the introduction of such laboratorial shortcut into carbohydrate-based drug discovery, resulting in the rapid formation of a series of triazole-linked salicylic $\beta$-D-O-glycosides with biological activities. All "clicked" products were achieved in excellent yields ($\approx$ 90%) within only a quarter. In addition, based on the structural characteristics of the afforded glycomimetics, their inhibitory activities were evaluated toward protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and a panel of homologous protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Docking simulation was also conducted to plausibly propose binding modes of this glycosyl salicylate series with the enzymatic target.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.345-350
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiated Puerariae radix extract on color removal, antioxidative, DPPH radical scavenging and antimicrobial efftcts. Puerariae radix were extracted with methanol and acetone and irrdiated 10, 20 and 30 kGy with gamma ray. Hunter color L-value increased by irrdiation in a dose dependent manner, resulting in brighter color. But a and b values decreased by irradiation in a dose dependent manner. Antioxidant activities of the Puerariae radix extract in soybean oil emulsion were higher in methanol extract than acetone extract. Scavenging effect of Puerariae radix extracts on DPPH radical with methanol was not changed by irradiation but acetone decreased Acetone extract from Puerariae radix showed antimicrobial activities in B. subtilis, B, natto, B, megaterium S, aureus, Sal, typhymurium and E. coli methanol extract also had the antimicrobial activities but weaker for Sal. typhymurium and E. coli. Results suggested that Puerariae radix extracts have a potential as a natural food preservatives and cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

Cooking drips which were obtained as by-product after seafood processing in the food industries, still contain lots of proteins, carbohydrates, and other functional materials. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the biological activities of seafood cooking drips. When the cooking drips of Hizikia fusiformis, Enteroctopus dofleini and Thunnus thynnus were irradiated, the antioxidant activities, whitening effect, and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition activity of the ethanol extract from seafood cooking drips were all increased by gamma irradiation. This was because of the increased extraction efficiency of available compounds by irradiation. These results suggested that the seafood cooking drips, wasted as by-products, can be used as functional compounds with gamma irradiation treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.544-549
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• 2017

The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are considered valuable by-products because they contain various bioactive compounds. The SCG extraction (SCGE) was irradiated at doses ranging between 30 and 50 kGy. The deep dark-brown color of SCGE was changed to a bright yellow color by gamma irradiation. The content of the bioactive compounds of gamma-irradiated SCGE was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, the content of quinic acid was increased by gamma irradiation, whereas other compounds were decreased. Although the contents of bioactive compounds were changed by gamma irradiation, the biological activities (radical scavenging activity and whitening effects) of SCGE were unaffected. Our findings suggest that gamma irradiation can effectively improve the color values of SCGE without the loss of biological activities. Consequently, gamma irradiation can be a useful tool for improving the utilization of SCGE in the cosmetic industry.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.780-783
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• 2013

Recently, it has been reported that low molecular weight laminarin had the enhanced biological activities. In this study, molecular structure of low molecular weight laminarin prepared by ionizing irradiation was studied. Low molecular weight laminarin samples of 13.5, 8.5, 7, and 6 kDa were obtained from 15 kDa laminarin by irradiation. From gel permeation chromatography data, low molecular weight laminarin was shown to have low polydispersity. To define the changes of functional groups in laminarin with different molecular weights, Fourier-transform infrared analysis was carried out. There was found no significant changes of functional groups in low molecular weight laminarin, except the increase of carbonyl group. The granular fissures from scanning electron microscopy showed the breakage of glycosidic bond in low molecular weight laminarin. These results could be utilized for the investigation of the enhanced biological activities of low molecular weight polysaccharides including laminarin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.180-185
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• 2006

We investigated relations between physiological damages and gene expression and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in leaves of rice (Oriza sativa L. cv. Ilpoombyeo) plants irradiated with a high-dose gamma-ray. Gamma-irradiation with 500 Gy caused significant decreases in the contents of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid in the rice leaves by 24 h, especially reducing the chlorophyll contents up to 26% relative to the control. In contrast, gene expressions of SOD isoenzymes were kept higher in the irradiated leaves until 24 h after the irradiation than in the control and they started to noticeably decrease at 48 h, finally being lower in the irradiated leaves at 72 h than in the control. In the case of enzyme activities of SOD isoenzymes, some CuZn-SOD isoenzymes showed slightly increased activities until 48 h after the irradiation but at 72 h, all isoenzyme activities markedly decreased in the irradiated leaves below the control levels. In conclusion, 500 Gy gamma-irradiation used in the current study caused decreases in the contents of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid as symptoms for physiological damages. Although such physiological damages were not directly related to the gene expressions and enzyme activities of SOD isoenzymes until 24 h after the irradiation, the damages at 72 h were reasonably attributable to their reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2013

Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with a general composition[$M(L)_2(X)_2$], where L=4-aminopyridine (4AP) and $X=NO_2{^-}$ were prepared under microwave irradiation. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, Far-IR, electronic, NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), XPS spectral and thermal studies. The spectroscopic studies reveal the composition, different modes of bonding, electronic transition, different chemical environment of C and H atoms and the electronic state of the metal atoms. On the basis of the characterization data, tetrahedral geometry is suggested for all the complexes. The free ligand (4-aminopyridine) and their metal complexes were screened against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in vitro and the activities were compared.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.684-690
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• 2006

Eriobotrya japonica has been used as a folk medicine for treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, coughing, phlegm, and ulcers in Korea and other Asian countries. In a search for possible bioactive agents from natural sources, we found that the methanolic extracts from various parts of E. japonica showed moderate antioxidative and antimicrobial activities in several in vitro bioassay systems. Additionally, the respective parts of E. japonica were irradiated at 20 kGy to investigate the effects of irradiation. Gamma irradiation of E. japonica extracts removed the deep greenish color without affecting its natural biological activities such as its antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Based on these findings, the methanolic extracts of this plant source may be not affected by gamma irradiation as its bioactive constituents may be insensitive to this irradiation. Moreover, the methanolic extract of E. japonica may serve as a good natural resource for beneficial functions in food and other related industries.