• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.493-500
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• 2003

The effect of reductive treatment with elemental iron on the extent of mineralization by Fenton oxidation was studied for the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) using a completely-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The results support the hypothesis that TNT and RDX are reduced with elemental iron to products that are oxidized more rapidly and completely by Fenton's reagent. Iron pretreatment enhanced the extent of TOC removal by approximately $20\%\;and\;60\%$ for TNT and RDX, respectively. Complete TOC removal was achieved for TNT and RDX solutions with iron pretreatment under optimal conditions. On the other hand, without iron pretreatment, complete mineralization of TNT and RDX solutions were not achieved even with much higher $H_2O_2$ and $Fe^{2+}$ concentrations. The bench-scale iron treatment-Fenton oxidation integrated system showed more than $95\%$ TOC removal for TNT and RDX solutions under optimal conditions. The proposed zero-valent iron-Fenton process was evaluated with pink water from the Iowa Army ammunition plant. Results from batch and column experiments show that TNT, RDX, and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) were completely removed from the pink water and that triaminotoluene (TAT) and ${NH_4}^+$ were recovered as products in reduction with zero-valent iron. By using an integrated system, $83.3\pm4.2\%$ of TOC was removed in a CSTR with 10 mM of $Fe^{2+}$ and 50 mM of $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that the reduction products of TNT and RDX are more rapidly and completely mineralized by Fenton oxidation and that a sequential iron treatment-Fenton oxidation process may be a viable technology for pink water treatment.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.148-161
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• 1997

Based on the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and M ssbauer spectroscopy, the thermal behavior and phase transformations of two clays are investigated for raw and fired conditions, which are collected from Kwangryeongli and Ildo district in Cheju Island. M ssbauer spectra at room temperature and 20for two clays show that paramagnetic Fe3- is the structural iron of the layer silicate and ferrihydrite, and superparamagnetic goethite has about 50% of total iron contents. The XRD peaks of hematite for the fired clays appear from 80$0^{\circ}C$ in Kwangryeongli clay and from $600^{\circ}C$ in Ildo district clay, respectively. The structural Fe2+ was completely oxidized into Fe3- at 40$0^{\circ}C$ for Kwangryeongli clay and 50$0^{\circ}C$~$600^{\circ}C$ for Ildo district clay, respectively. The structural Fe2+ was completely oxidized into Fe3- at 40$0^{\circ}C$. For the temperature ranging from 40$0^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$~80$0^{\circ}C$, two fired clays exhibit the dehydroxylation of the clay mineral. A disintegration of the clay mineral structure is observed from $700^{\circ}C$~80$0^{\circ}C$ to 110$0^{\circ}C$, followed by the onset and spread of vitrification process. It is also shown that well-crystallized hematite phase is formed at the temperature higher than 110$0^{\circ}C$ and the relative absorption area decreases, which might be related to the recrystallization of alluminosilicate matrix.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.401-404
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• 2001

Barium ferrite powders were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using iron-pickling waste acid (IPWA) and BaCl$_2$$.$2H$_2$O as raw materials. Fe$\^$2+/ ions in the IPWA, which contains both Fe$\^$2+/ and Fe$\^$3+/ ions, were oxidized into Fe$\^$3+/ ions using H$_2$O$_2$. Proper amount of BaCl$_2$$.$2H$_2$O was dissolved into the oxidized IPWA. Using NaOH, Ba$\^$2+/ and Fe$\^$3+/ ions were coprecipitated as Ba(OH)$_2$and Fe(OH)$_3$. The coprecipitated Ba(OH)$_2$and Fe(OH)$_3$were washed and dried. Barium ferrite powders were obtained by calcining the dried Ba(OH)$_2$and Fe(OH)$_3$mixture from 400$\^{C}$ to 1000$\^{C}$ with a 100$\^{C}$ interval. Barium ferrite powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, and VSM. It was found that barium ferrite powders could be synthesized at around 630$\^{C}$. The synthesized barium ferrite powders showed hexagonal plate shapes with a fairly uniform size. The barium ferrite powder calcined at 900$\^{C}$ showed good magnetic properties, saturation magnetization of 67emu/g and maximum coercivity of 5000 Oe.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

In this study, a remedial investigation using reductive stabilization was conducted to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The influences of various operational parameters, including reaction time and the mass of ferrous iron, were also evaluated. The study site was contaminated with a large amount of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), and the selected treatment method was to stabilize Cr(VI) with ferrous iron, which reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and stabilized the chromium, although a greater mass of ferrous iron than the stoichiometric amount was required to stabilize the Cr(VI). However, some Cr(III) re-oxidized to Cr(VI) during the drying process, and addition of a strong reducing agent was required to maintain reducing conditions. With this reducing agent, the treated soil met the required regulatory standard, and the mass of Cr(III) re-oxidized to Cr(VI) was significantly reduced, compared to the use of only Fe(II) as a reducing agent.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.502-506
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• 2001

This paper presents a new method for cutting steel with a diamond tool using electrolysis. The electrolysis is adopted in the diamond cutting to prevent the high chemical activity between a diamond tool and an iron-based workpiece. The basic principle of the method is to oxdize a thin substrate of the workpiece by electrolysis ahead of the diamond tool which cuts the oxidized layer. A desired shape can be obtained by repeating this process. The cutting force is reduced because the diamond tool removes only the weakened material by electroysis. The reduction of the cutting force suppresses the excessive wear of the diamond tool. The oxidization penetrates several micrometers in depth along the previously formed shape. The corrosion rates depend on current density and make suggestions on the optimum cutting conditions.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

In this study, failure behavior of piercing plug for seamless tube manufacturing process was studied. Three different kinds of passed piercing plugs (10, 90, 215 times) were prepared. The shape deformation of the passed piercing plugs was observed by 3D coordinate measuring machine, and the oxidized layer on the surface of piercing plug was observed by optical microscopy. The length reduction of piercing plug presented at 215 times passed plug. It was found that the oxidized layer consisted of outer scale, inner scale and internal oxidation layers, and the inner scale layer had vertical cracks, and interfaces had horizontal cracks. We proposed the failure mechanism of piercing plug during seamless tube manufacturing process based on the formation of vertical and horizontal crack.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.921-927
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• 1995

양극산화피막에 철이온 및 코발트-철혼합이온 등을 전해석출하여 얻어지는 자성막의 입자는, 입자의 크기 Dp에 따라 모양이 크게 달라진다. Dp가 $300\AA$ 이상일때 나무가지모양의 초기석출부가 반드시 생성된다. 이것은 초기석출부의 형상만을 고려할때 자성막의 국부적충진율을 증가시킴으로, 철석출막의 경우와 같이 항자력 Hc 및 수직자 기이방성 Ku의 감소효과를 가져온다. 코발트-철합금 석출막의 경우, 일부조성에서 초기석출부의 형상효과보다는 여기에 석출한 FeC의 결정배향이 더 크게 작용하여, Hc의 감소와 -Ku를 나타내었다. 이러한 초기석출부의 영향이 규명됨에 따라 코발트-철합금 자성막의 제작시 초기석출부의 FeC석출을 억제시키는 방법을 사용, 임의의 조성에서 수직자기이방성을 갖게하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Hydrogen peroxide takes much of the cost for Fenton reaction applied for treatment of organic contaminants. Therefore, the effective use of hydrogen peroxide makes the technology more cost effective. The effective use of hydrogen peroxide is especially needed in the soil and groundwater remediation where complete mixing is not possible and it takes a long time for reactive species to transport to the fixed target compounds. Stabilization ability for hydrogen peroxide of malonic acid was evaluated in Fenton and Fenton-like reactions in this study. Malonic acid contributes on the stabilization of hydrogen peroxide by weak interaction between iron and the stabilizer and inhibiting the catalytic role of iron. The stabilization effect increased as the solution pH decrease below the $pK_{a1}$. The stabilization effect increased as the concentration of malonic acid increased and the effect was maximized at the malonic acid concentration of about ten times higher than the iron concentration. The model organic contaminant was successfully oxidized in the presence of the stabilizer but the degradation rate was slower than the system without the stabilizer. The stabilization effect was also proved in a Fenton-like reaction where magnetite and hematite were used instead of soluble iron species.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2005

철을 이용한 반응벽체 (permeable reactive barrier, PRBs) 기술은 유기 화합물로 오염된 지하수를 환원적 반응에 의해 정화시키는 공법이다. 벽체의 매질로 주로 사용되는 영가 철은 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 2가 및 3가 철로 산화되어 제거능이 점차 저감된다. 자연계에 존재하거나 동정된 철 환원 박테리아는 산화된 Fe(III)를 Fe(II)로 환원시키는 능력을 가지고 있으며 이와 같이 환원된 Fe(II)는 반응 표면적을 넓히고 다시 할로겐 유기 화합물을 환원적으로 제거할 수 있도록 한다. 본 연구는 철 환원 박테리아로 순수균인 Shewanella algae BrY에 의한 산화철의 환원 경향을 aqueous phase와 solid phase로 나누어 관찰하고 환원된 철이 TCE 제거에 미치는 영향을 iron(II,III) oxide와 iron(III) oxide를 대상으로 하여 파악하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 박테리아는 배지 내에 존재하는 Fe(III)를 우선적으로 사용하여 Fe(II)로 환원시켰으며 선택성은 떨어지지만 입자상의 산화철 표면에 존재하는 Fe(III)도 환원시켰다. 또한 동량의 산화철이 존재할 때 iron(II,III) oxide에 비해 박테리아가 전자수용체로 사용할 수 있는 Fe(III)가 풍부한 iron(III) oxide의 환원이 더 잘 일어남을 알 수 있었고, 환원된 Fe(II)는 박테리아 또는 다른 철 산화물과 침전을 형성하였으며 TCE와의 반응속도 및 제거 능력을 향상시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 오염된 자갈을 정화하기 위해서 새로운 방식의 건식세척장치를 제작하여 석유계총탄화수소(TPH) 및 산화철의 저감 성능을 알아보았다. 기존 연구에서는 회분식 처리 방식이 적용되었으나, 본 연구에서는 정화 성능 및 처리 효율 향상을 위하여 연속식 처리 방식을 적용하였다. 또한 오염자갈의 전처리를 위하여 건조기 및 선별기를 적용하였다. 본 실험에서는 총 12개의 노즐을 통해 약 $5-6kg/cm^2$의 압력으로 20-30분 동안 연마재를 자갈에 분사하여 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)와 산화철의 저감 성능을 확인하였다. 실험결과 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)와 산화철 모두 약 80-90%의 높은 처리효율을 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 향후 추가 연구를 통해 정화효율을 높일 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.