• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess an association between nutrient intake and prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries among preschool children. Methods: A total of 922 children aged 3 to 5 years was selected from the database of Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHAINS). Data were included socio-demographic characteristics, oral health related behaviour, nutrient intake(carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, phosphate, iron, sodium and potassium), and oral health status(dft index). To assess the crude and adjusted associations, logistic regression analysis were applied considering a complex sampling design. Results: Children who were more consumed protein, calcium, phosphate, iron and sodium had slightly lower prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and oral health related behaviour. Moreover, prevalence risk of the highest intake of phosphate and sodium(3rd tertiles) was significant lower than that of the lowest intake(1st tertiles). Conclusion: The nutrient intake was slightly associated with the prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.306-316
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• 2001

This study investigated the correlations between nutrient intake and dietary attitudes in Korean school dietitians. A total of 493 school dietitians working in the Kangwon and Kyungnam areas participated in this study. The subjects were classified as the good group(33.5%), fair group(36.9%) and bad group(29.6%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows. The average intake of energy, calcium, and iron were lower than the Korean RDA and average CPF ratio of energy intake was 64 : 17 : 19. The percent RDAs of nutrient intake of energy, calcium, iron and vitamin B$_1$were lower in the bad group than those in the fair group and good groups(p < 0.001). The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, were different among the three groups(p < 0.001), the highest was 0.96 in the good group, the lowest was 0.88 in the bad group. The index of nutritional quality(INQ) was significantly higher in the good group than the other groups. The nutrient intakes were positively correlated with dietary attitudes(p < 0.01). The nutrient intakes, INQ, NAR and MAR were significantly increased as the dietary attitude score increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.482-494
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국가 단위 대규모의 데이터 (2013~2014년 국민건강영양조사 자료)를 활용하여 성인 남녀별 외식으로부터 섭취하는 열량의 사분위에 따른 군간 일반사항, 영양소 및 식품군별 섭취 상태를 분석하고, 영양소별 섭취 밀도 및 영양의 질적 지수를 평가하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 남녀 모두에서 외식을 통한 열량의 섭취 정도가 높은 성인일수록 연령이 유의적으로 낮았고, 음주 빈도, 가구소득 및 교육수준이 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 또한 외식을 통한 열량 섭취가 높은 남녀 성인에서 전체 열량 섭취량 및 지방의 섭취 밀도는 높게 나타난 반면, 식이섬유소, 비타민 $B_1$, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨 및 철과 같은 미량 영양소의 섭취 밀도는 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였으며, 비타민 $B_1$, 칼슘, 인 및 철의 INQ와 같은 식사의 질 지수 역시 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 식품군별 섭취 비율을 분석시 남녀 모두에서 외식을 통한 열량 섭취가 높은 군에서 육류, 음료 및 주류의 섭취 비율이 유의적으로 높았던 반면, 곡류, 채소류, 어패류 및 해조류의 섭취 비율은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 식생활에서 외식이 차지하는 비율이 계속적으로 증가하고 있는 현 시점에서, 외식을 많이 하는 대상자와 관련된 전반적인 영양소 및 식품군별 섭취 상태를 파악할 수 있는 기초자료로써 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of custom nutrition education on dietary intakes and clinical parameters in patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. A total of 34 patients visited the anemia clinic of Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital. Among these, only 16 patients were available for follow-ups. A follow-up was conducted by a clinical dietitian 2 months from the first nutrition education session. Patients were all women. For custom nutrition education, we investigated anthropometric data, dietary assessment (24 hr-recall, FFQ), and self-recognized anemic symptoms. Weight did not show a significant difference but hemoglobin, hematocrit (P<0.01), serum iron, and serum ferritin (P<0.05) were significantly increased after the nutrition education. Serum total iron binding capacity was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Self-recognized symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue (P<0.001), shortness of breath, headache (P<0.01), brittle nails, and sore tongue (P<0.05) were significantly improved. Daily intakes of protein (P<0.05), total iron (P<0.01), and animal iron (P<0.001) were significantly increased. A significantly negative correlation was observed between current serum iron and the intake of carbohydrates, fat, or phosphorus (P<0.05). But current serum ferritin showed a significantly positive correlation with the frequency of intake of meat, poultry, and fish. It could be concluded that the custom nutrition education might be effective on quality of diet as well as iron status and it might also improve the clinical parameters in patients diagnosed with the iron deficiency anemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the effect of sources of protein on iron bioavailability in 10 healthy young Korean women. The 18-day metabolic study consisted of a 6-day adaptation period, 6-day moderate protein(60g protein/day, 18mg Fe/day) and 6-day high protein period(90g protein/day, 18mg Fe/day). During the moderate and high protein period, 5 subjects were fed the high plant protein meals(80% plant protein). Fecal excretion of dietary iron was significantly higher(p<0.05) in high protein high plant diet group(HPP, 9.48$\pm$1.61mg/day) than in high protein high animal diet group (HPA, 14.40$\pm$0.89mg/day). Apparent absorption and bioavailability of iron was also significantly higher(p<0.10) in HPA(40.7$\pm$5.3%, 6.46$\pm$1.61mg/day) than in HPP(14.4$\pm$5.3%, 2.39$\pm$0.89mg/day). But there was no significant difference between the high animal protein group and high plant protein group in moderate protein period. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation increased as animal protein intake increased, from 106.0$\pm$5.1ug/이 and 30.6$\pm$1.5% for MPA to 129.1$\pm$6.7ug/이 and 37.1$\pm$1.3% for HPA. Statistically positive correlations were shown not only between the level of dietary heme iron and apparent absorption(r=0.95, p<0.05), but also between serum iron concentration and apparent absorption(r=0.64, p<0.05). Negative iron balance was shown in two subjects fed the moderate protein meals. These results suggest that recommanded dietary allowances of iron may be under the need to maintain the positive balance, and iron bioavaliability increase by only high level of animal protein intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.333-342
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• 1998

To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of Korean adults living in rural area, dietary survey with one day 24 -hour recall method was given to 2037 subjects over 30 years of age living in Yeoncho-gun, Kyungki province of Korea, together with health survey. The mean daily energy intake was 1583 kcal, with 65.4% of energy intake being supplied by carbohydrate, 15.9% by protein and 18.7% by fat. Eighty percents of total food intake were supplied by vegetable food and the rest in the form of animal food . As well as insufficiencies in calcium and iron intake, the bioabailability of calcium and iron is considered to have been low because most of those intakes came form plant origins. For most nutrients except phosporous, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of RDA was over 40% and highest in the elderly. Those proportion of low intake among female were higher than those among male. The mean adequacy ration(MAR) , an index of overall dietary quality was 0.62 for females and 0.68 for males and decreased with increase of age. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except 0.06 of vitamin A, 0.73 of calcium and 0.85 of vitamin C, Nutrient intake levels less than 75% of RDA may be appropriate as a criteria for insufficiency of nutrient intake. Based on these results, it is evident that some of adults in rural areas did not consume enough nutrients, especially vitamin A, calcium and vitamin B$_2$, and that the dietary intake of female and the elderly was not adequate .

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

This study analyzed the intake of calories and nutrients based on the consumption of black beans. The survey was conducted on 124 college students (male: 42, female: 82), of whom 63.7% (79 students) were consumers of black beans. The calorie intake of the black bean intake group (1599.81±555.48 kcal) was significantly higher than that of the non-black bean intake group (1259.99±507.58 kcal) (P<0.01). The black bean intake group also showed a significantly higher intake of crude protein (P<0.05), plant protein (P<0.01), animal protein (P<0.05), crude fiber (P<0.001), plant calcium (P<0.001), plant iron (P<0.001), zinc (P<0.01), vitamin B2 (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.01) and folic acid (P<0.001) compared to the non-black bean intake group. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of black bean intake and crude fiber (P<0.05), plant calcium (P<0.05), plant iron (P<0.05), and folic acid (P<0.05). Overall, the black bean intake group was more likely to eat black sesame 13.82 times (95% CI=5.37, 35.55), white beans 10.79 times (95% CI=3.53, 33.02), mung beans 7.22 times (95% CI=2.58, 20.23), and brown rice 4.72 times (95% CI=1.88, 11.84), than the non-black bean intake group. In conclusion, we believe that black beans constitute a vital food ingredient that is necessary to provide Korean college students with a well-balanced diet.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.344-360
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• 2018

This study examined the sociodemographic factors, health-related habits, chronic diseases, dietary habits, and nutrient intake according to the self-rated health status in a group aged over 65 years by analyzing the nationally representative Korean survey data. A total of 1,510 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the 2016 Korean National Health and Examination Survey (KNHANES). Statistical analyses for complex samples were performed using the SPSS software package (version 19.0) The study subjects were divided into two groups (healthy group vs. unhealthy group) based on their self-rated health status. The percentage of the healthy group was 66.5%. Gender, age, education level, household income, job (P<0.001, respectively), marital status, and basic living allowance (P<0.05, respectively) were significant sociodemographic variables of the self-rated health status. Alcohol consumption (P<0.01), aerobic physical activity, stress, quality of life, not feeling very well, depression and activity restriction (P<0.001, respectively) were also significant health-related variables of the self-rated health status. Blood glucose, anemia (P<0.05, respectively), and chewing problems (P<0.001) were significant chronic disease-related variables of the self-rated health status. Adequate intakes of protein, dietary fiber, phosphorus, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C (P<0.001, respectively), calcium, sodium, potassium (P<0.01, respectively), iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin (P<0.05, respectively) were also significant variables of the self-rated health status. In complex samples multiple logistic regression analysis, the self-rated health status was influenced significantly by the aerobic physical activity (P<0.01), stress level (P<0.05), depression (P<0.001), quality of life (P<0.001), not feeling very well (P<0.001), activity restriction (P<0.001), chewing problem (P<0.05), and adequate intake of iron (P<0.05). These results suggest that activity restriction, mental health, adequate iron intake, and physical activity may be associated with the self-rated health status in the elderly.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Dietary behavior, body mass index(BMI) and nutrient intake status of 185 boys and 205 girls in 3rd grade middle school students in Daegu area were analyzed. Boys were 168.6cm tall and weighed 61.3kg on the average and girls 158.5cm and 54.4kg, respectively. From their BMIs, 17.9% were classified as the underweight, 54.2% as the average, 14.7% as the overweight and 13.2% as the obesity. The average energy intake per day was 2222.6 kcal for boys, 1796.2 kcal for girls which were 83.3% and 86.6% of the RDA, respectively. Composition rate of carbohydrate, protein, fat in relation to energy intake was 62.4 : 16.5 : 21.1 for boys and 58.8 : 16.0 : 25.2 for girls. Protein was taken low and carbohydrate and fat were high in this study. Particularly, fat intake rate of girls was high. Calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 did not meet the RDA and especially calcium was taken 63.9% for boys and 54.01 % for girls. Most of the students have tendency to eat irregularly and to overeat. For the nutrients intake, calories and calcium intake were lower than the RDA regardless of gender and iron intake was not enough for girls only. In relation to BMI, obesity group students were taking lower calories and proteins than the normal students were. No consistent trend was shown for boys about nutrient intake in relation to eating speed. Students had a correct perception of their body image which was similar to that of their mothers. Nutrient average intake is under the average and the percentile under 70% of RDA was high contrary to the fact that nutrient intake like calcium and iron was exceedingly important particularly in the growth process. Therefore, nutritional education for the proper intake of nutrients was required for the students in Daegu area. Especially, education has to be focused on the balanced diet and correct food choices for the proper dietary behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.728-735
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of iron-enriched cereal supplement and nutrition education program on nutritional status and life style of children. Elementary school students(n=170) aged of 11 years old at Seoul were participated. Subjects were supplemented with iron-enriched cereal for breakfast and provided with 2 sessions of nutrition education during 3 months. Intake of carbohydrate, iron, sodium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, niacin, and folic acid was significantly increased after cereal supplement. Caloric intake was similar to KDRIs during both before and after cereal supplement. There was no improvement on exercise and dietary habits after nutrition education. Male students tended to sleep later, wake up early, and ate snack less than female. Cereal supplement was effective on improving nutritional status, but short-term nutrition education had no effect on modification of life style. Thus, further studies are required to develop long-term education program effective on improving lift style and eating habits in children.