• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.95-97
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• 2001

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.68-71
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• 2003

Experiments were conducted to investigate optimal ionic salt strength in nutrient solution for small plug seedlings of ‘Nokgwang’ and ‘Kwari’ green pepper. Plant height increased with increasing ionic salt strength. total leaf area was 72％ greater in ‘Nokgwang’ and 18% greater in ‘Kwari’with 2.0 ionic salt strength than that with 1.0 strength. Dry weight per plant tended to increase at higher ionic salt strengths in ‘Kwari’, but to decrease in ‘Nokgwang’ Chlorophyll content increased with increasing ionic salt strength in both cultivars. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were higher for plants fertilized with 1.5 strength than other strengths in both cultivars. Photosynthetic rate peaked at 8.74 $\mu$mol$.$m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in ‘Nokgwang’ and 5.70 $\mu$mol$.$m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in‘Kwari’with 1.5 ionic salt strength.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate viscosity and wettability of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions according to supplementation of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Methods: Solutions containing HA were prepared using distilled deionized water (DDW) and simulated salivary buffer (SSB) in different conditions. Different concentrations of hen egg-white lysozyme and bovine lactoperoxidase was added into HA solutions. HA solutions with antimicrobials in different ionic strength and pH conditions were prepared. Viscosity was measured using cone-and-plate digital viscometer at six different shear rates and wettability on acrylic resin and Co-Cr alloy was determined by contact angle. Results: The viscosity values of HA dissolved in DDW were decreased in order of HA, HA containing lysozyme, HA containing peroxidase, and HA containing lysozyme and peroxidase. The viscosity values for HA in DDW were decreased as the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase increased. However, the viscosity values for HA in SSB showed no significant changes according to the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase. The viscosity values of HA solutions were inversely proportional to ionic strength and pH. The contact angle of HA solutions showed no significant differences according to tested surface materials, addition of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Contact angles on acrylic resin by HA solutions in all tested conditions were much higher than those by human saliva. Conclusions: The rheological properties of HA supplemented with lysozyme and/or peroxidase in different ionic strength and pH conditions were objectively confirmed, indicating the possibility of HA with lysozyme and/or peroxidase as main components in the development of effective saliva substitutes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1561-1567
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• 2010

In this study, we have developed a new detection method using Si field effect transistor (FET)-type biosensors, which enables the direct monitoring of antigen-antibody binding within very high-ionic-strength solutions such as 1$\times$PBS and human serum. In the new method, as no additional dilution or desalting processes are required, the FET-type biosensors can be more suitable for ultrasensitive and real-time analysis of raw sample solutions. The new detection scheme is based on the observation that the strength of antigen-antibody-specific binding is significantly influenced by the ionic strength of the reaction solutions. For a prostate specific antigen (PSA), in some conditions, the binding reaction between PSA and anti-PSA in a low-ionic strength reaction solution such as 10 ${\mu}M$ phosphate buffer is weak (reversible), while that in high-ionic strength reaction solutions such as 1$\times$PBS or human serum is strong.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

Acrylate polymer gel electrolytes containing N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidium bis (trifluoro - methansulfonyl) imide (MPSI) as an ionic liquid were synthesized by solution polymerization in the presence of carbonate solvent. ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the polymer gel electrolytes were investigated by impedance analyzer and universal testing machine as a function of the amount of polymer, and ionic liquid and type of crosslinker. The maximum ionic conductivity of polymer gel electrolytes was 0.8 mS/cm at $25^{\circ}C$ with 15 wt% of polymer, 30 wt% of ionic liquid and 5 wt% of crosslinker. The mechanical analysis showed that the tensile strength of polymer gel electrolytes increased with additional polymer contents and had the maximum value of 0.5 MPa with a reasonable ionic conductivity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2020

Bimodal flocculation describes the aggregation and breakage processes of the flocculi (or primary particles) and the flocs in the water environment. Bimodal flocculation causes bimodal size distribution with the two separate peaks of the flocculi and the flocs. Extracellular polymeric substances and ionic species common in the water environment increase the occurrence of bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution, under the flocculation mechanisms of electrostatic attraction and polymeric bridging. This study investigated bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution, with respect to the extracellular polymeric substance concentration and ionic strength in the kaolinite-containing suspension. The batch flocculation tests comprising 0.12 g/L of kaolinite showed that the highest flocculation potential occurred at the lowest xanthan gum (as extracellular polymeric substances) concentration, under all the ionic strengths of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 M NaCl. Also, it was important to note that the higher ionic strength resulted in the higher flocculation potential, at all the xanthan gum concentrations. The bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution became apparent in the experimental conditions, which had low and intermediate flocculation potential. Besides the polymeric bridging flocculation, steric stabilization increased the flocculi mass fraction against the floc mass fraction, thereby developing the bimodal size distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.427-436
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• 1997

A simple relation exists between electronegativities of cations and their oxidation states and ionic radii. An empirical law is proposed: X = 0.274 z-0.15 z r - 0.01 r+1+${\alpha}$, z being oxidation number, r ionic radius in $\AA$ and ${\alpha}$ a term related to the atomic number. this relation permits to calculate an electronegativity scale covering a large set of electronic and crystallographic situations. An application to the calculation of acid strengths of cations is presented.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 2009

In this study, acid cellulase was used to treat denim fabrics by varying pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, treatment time and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) concentration. Treatment condition was controlled based on the weight loss. The characteristics of enzyme-treated fabrics were measured in terms of tearing strength, stiffness, and color difference. The optimum conditions for cellulase treatment of denim fabric were pH 5.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 3% (o.w.f.), 90minutes. The weight loss did not change significantly with the addition of a non-ionic surfactant, but it improved when more non-ionic surfactant were used. The tearing strength of enzyme-treated denim fabrics did not deteriorate. The stiffness of the treated fabrics improved with the enzymatic treatment with and without the non-ionic surfactant. The difference in color of fabrics treated with enzyme increased.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-206
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• 2007

Electrochemical reaction of glucose was regulated by the electrochemically active area of nanoporous platinum, which is controlled by ionic strength. The profile of the oxidation current of glucose vs. ionic strength was identical with that of the electrochemically active area. This result confirms that the nanopores are virtually opened for the electrochemical reaction of glucose when the ionic strength climbs over a specific concentration and implies that the electrochemical reactions on nanoporous electrode surfaces can be controlled by concentration of electrolyte.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.24-31
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• 2008

In this work, calcium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate as metal ionic crosslinking agents were used to introduce ionic crosslinking points to the ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) emulsions for the enhancement of water resistance and mechanical properties of emulsion films. The properties of EVA emulsion film were investigated in crosslinking density, thermal features, surface energy, and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength. With the increasing content of metal ionic crosslinking agent, the crosslinking density of the EVA emulsion film increases, resulting into the improvement of water resistance. The surface energy and mechanical properties of the EVA emulsion film, however, showed somewhat different behaviors. The highest surface energy, tensile strength, and tear strength were observed when 0.4% for calcium hydroxide and 0.5% for magnesium carbonate was added respectively, because the EVA emulsion containing carboxylic acid forms strong carboxylate-metal bond of ionically-crosslinked system. Therefore, it can be concluded that metal ionic crosslinking agents, such as magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide are considered to improve water resistance and mechanical properties of the EVA emulsion.