• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.750-757
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• 2009

The ammonium ion exchange characteristics of natural zeolite were investigated to remove ${NH_4}^+-N$. The effect of water temperature, particle size and competitive cation on the exchange capacity was examined. Ammonium ion exchange capacity tended to decrease when the temperature increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. Exchange capacity was increased according to the particle size of natural zeolite comes to be small. Batch isotherm experiments were conducted for measuring ammonium ion exchange capacity. The ion exchange capacity was well described either by the Langmuir isotherm model or by the Freundlich isotherm model. The ammonium ion exchange capacity ($q_m$) of zeolite carrier can be calculated $11.744mg-{NH_4}^+/g$-carrier. The ion exchange capacity of manufactured zeolite carrier was showed a similar tendency as ion exchange capacity of powder-sized natural zeolite. Therefore, zeolite carrier can be used for increasing of nitrogen removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment plants.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

Ammonium ion is notorious for the adverse effects upon many of the important uses of water such as toxcity to fish, corrosion of metals and concrete, and concern over man's consumption. A clinoptilolite, which is a naturally occurring zeolite selective for ammonium ion exchange, has been used. Batch isotherm experiments were conducted for measuring ammonium ion exchange capacity. The ion exchange capacity was well described either by the Langmuir equation or by the Freundlich equation. As the particle size of the clinoptilolite decreased, exchange capacity was increased. The smaller particle size enhaced the exchange of ammonium ion due to the greater surface area and decreased diffusion to the exchange sites within the zeolite. Ammonium ion exchange capacity tended to decrease when the temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, and the temperature correction factor was found to be 0.98 in the Langmuir equation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of $25m^3/d$. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency, whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant($25m^3/d$). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2002

본 연구는 폴리에틸렌 기재에 비드와 섬유상 이온교환체의 배합비를 달리하여 불균질 이온 교환막을 제조하였다. PE 불균질 이온교환막의 이온교환능은 섬유강 이온교환체의 양이 증가할수록 선형적으로 증가하였으며 30 wt%에서 최대 1.86 meq/g 이었다. 불균질 이온교환막의 함수율, 고정이온농도 및 이온운반율도 섬유상 이온교환체의 양이 증가할수록 증가하였나. 반면 불균질 이온교환막의 전기저항은 섬유상 이온교환체의 양이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, IXF (ion exchange fiber)의 혼합량이 30 wt%에서 5$\Omega$/$\textrm{cm}^2$으로 전기저항 값이 가장낮았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2000

In consideration that a high tensile strength and ion exchange capacity are maintained as the swelling of membrane is controlled by the coagulation of PSf with the introduction of ion exchange groups and PPSS without the introduction of ion exchange groups, the block copolymer of PSf and PPSS were synthesized. The cation exchange membrane was prepared by sulfonation with CSA and casted. The synthesized block copolymer and cation exchange membrane were characterized by FT-IR and their thermal stability was confirmed by TGA. The optimum sulfonation could be accomplished at a mole ratio of BPSf to CSA 1:3. The best electrochemical properties obtained by the optimal condition were area resistance of 4.37 $\Omega$ㆍ$\textrm{cm}^2$, ion exchange capacity of 1.71 meq/g dry membrane, water content of 0.2941 g $H_2O$/g dry membrane, and fixed ion concentration of 5.81 meq/g $H_2O$. When GBL was used as an additive, area resistance was increased by 13.7 % and ion exchange capacity was increased by 14.6%. When the membrane was fabricated in a form of composite using non woven cloth as a support. the tensile strength of membrane could be improved, but the electrochemical characteristics were not influenced.

• 멤브레인
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 전 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지(VRFB)에 적용하기 위한 세공충진 음이온교환막의 최적 설계 조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 실험결과를 통해 VRFB 충방전 성능에 가장 지대한 영향을 미치는 막 설계인자는 이온교환용량, 지지체의 기공율 및 가교도임을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 상기 인자들에 의해 VRFB의 ohmic loss와 활물질의 crossover가 결정되었다. 또한 세공충진 음이온교환막의 제조 시 낮은 가교도에서 이온교환용량을 감소시키는 것과 높은 이온교환용량에서 가교도를 증가시키는 두 가지 방안을 검토하였다. 그 결과 충분히 높은 이온교환용량에서 가교도를 최적화 하는 것이 VRFB 충방전 성능 관점에서 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2007

[ $Co^{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ ] 선원에 의한 그래프트 공중합 반응을 통해 설폰화 이온교환 섬유를 합성하였다. 그래프트 공중합 반응의 경우 총 조사선량이 증가할수록 그래프트율이 증가하였으며, 가교제인 divinylbenzene을 첨가하여 공중 합하였을 때 최대 1000%의 그래프트율을 보였다. 또한 이온교환 섬유의 설폰화율이 증가할수록 이온교환용량이 크게 증가하였고 가교제가 첨가된 설폰화 POF-co-St/DVB 이온교환 섬유의 이온교환용량이 5.06 meq/g로 설폰화 POF-co-styrene 이온교환 섬유에서 보다 높게 측정되었으며, 이온교환 섬유의 중금속 이온 흡착량은 섬유의 그래프트율이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2016

For the study on the ion exchange of nickel hexacyanoferrate(NiHCNFe) electrode with the several cations, the film of hexacyanoferrate was prepared on the bare nickel surface by the electrochemical and chemical methods in the solution composed with 5mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 100mM KNO3. To compare the capability of the ion exchange of NiHCNFe film electrode, the repeated cyclic voltammograms were measured in the 0.5M cation nitrate solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ and pH7. It was found that the capacity of the electrochemically derivatized NiHCNFe reduced in the rate of 0.5~0.7%/cycle and was nearly exhausted at the 150th potential cycle. Better result was obtained from that the capacity loss of the chemically assembled NiHCNFe was less than 0.02%/cycle for 5,000cycles. Furthermore, the residual capacity was more than 30% at the 5,000th cycle.

• 멤브레인
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2003

막소재는 투과증발 막공정에서 메탄을 저항체로 잘 알려진 Poly(vinyl alcohol, PVA)과 술폰기가 있는 가교제 sulfo-succinic acid(SSA)를 PVA에 대해 17 wt.%로 고정시켜 제조하였다. 이에 이온교환능력을 향상시키기 위해 양이온교환기가 포함된 poly(acrylic acid, PAA)를 첨가하여 함량변화에 따라 메탄올투과도 (methanol permeability) 특성과 이온전도도(ion conductivity)를 측정하였으며, 기본적인 이온교환막의 특성인 함수율 (water content), 이온교환용량 (ion exchange capacity, IEC) 등을 측정하였다. PAA함량에 따른 메탄을 투과도와 이온전도도 결과는 SSA만을 사용했을 때 보다 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타났는데 이는 PAA의 함량 증가를 통하여 가교도의 증가로 인한 자유부피감소가 카르복실기인 양이온교환기 도입 영향보다 더 크게 작용한 것으로 판단된다 이온전도도와 메탄올투과도의 결과로부터 'vehicle mechanism'이 본 실험에서 제조된 PVA/SSA/PAA막에서 더 우세한 영향을 미쳤을 것이라 사료된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

본 연구는 $Co^{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ 선원을 이용한 그래프트 공중합 방법으로 설폰형 이온교환 섬유를 합성하였다. 공중합체 합성 시 스티렌 단량체의 농도가 50 v/v%에서 그래프트율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총 조사선량이 증가할수록 그래프트율은 증가하였다. 그래프트율과 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 설폰화율은 증가하였으며, 반응시간 20분에서 가장 높았다. 이온교환 섬유의 이온교환 용량과 함수율은 설폰화율이 증가함에 따라 모두 증가하였으며, 각각 최대 4.76 meq/g, 23.5%이었다. 암모니아 흡착량은 이온교환 용량 및 암모니아 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 10회 이상 반복 사용하여도 암모니아 흡착량은 변하지 않았다.