• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.3-37
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• 2011

This paper investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide $CO_2$ emissions and its causal relationships with economic growth and openness by using time series data (1971-2006) from China (an emerging market), Korea (a newly industrialized country), and Japan (a developed country). The sample countries span a whole range of development stages from industrialized to newly industrialized and emerging market economies. The environmental consequences according to openness and economic growth do not show uniform results across the countries. Depending on the national characteristics, the estimated EKC show different temporal patterns. China shows an N-shaped curve while Japan has a U-shaped curve. Such dissimilarities are also found in the relationship between $CO_2$ emissions and openness. In the case of Korea, and Japan it represents an inverted U-shaped curve while China shows a U-shaped curve. We also analyze the dynamic relationships between the variables by adopting a vector auto regression or vector error correction model. These models through the impulse response functions allow for analysis of the causal variable's influence on the dynamic response of emission variables, and it adopts a variance decomposition to explain the magnitude of the forecast error variance determined by the shocks to each of the causal variables over time. Results show evidence of large heterogeneity among the countries and variables impacts.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Display characterization, deriving the relationship between digital input values and the corresponding CIEXYZ tri-stimulus values, is important to reproduce the accurate color in color management system. The relationship can be estimated from the nine channel TRCs(tone response curves) and the result of this characterization method is better than that of using three channel TRCs. However, the inverse display characterization using nine channel TRCs cannot be directly inverted because the CIEXYZ values corresponding to each of RGB values are inseparable. Accordingly, inverse display characterization is usually implemented by the 3D-LUT (look-up table) method. Although the result of 3B-LUT is accurate, creating the 3D-LUT requires a lot of memory space and considerable amount of measurements. Therefore the inverse characterization method is proposed based on the modeling of channel-dependent values and nine channel inverse process based on the GOG(gain, offset gamma) model. The proposed method enhances the accuracy of display characterization and reduces the complexity and the number of measurements data required for accuracy in 3-D LUT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1985

It was investigated about extractability and biological property(ATPase activity) of actomyosin from skeletal muscle of chi(:ken differed feeding period. The extractabilities of actomyosin from pectoral muscle were increased from 184.5 to 1020.1 mg per 100g muscle as feeding period prolonged from 3 weeks to 8 weeks. In case of leg-muscles, extractability was revealed the similar tendency as pectoral muscles. EDTA ATPase activity of actomyosin in various chicken muscles for 3 weeks feeding was 0.6 Brmole Piimg Protein/min., 0.59 for 6 Iveeks feeding and 0.50 for 8 weeks. The Ma^{+2}$-ATPase of actomyosin in various chicken muscles was showed inverted relationship with ionic strength. EGTA ($125\;{\mu}mole$)inhibited Ma^{+2}$-ATPase activity to below $0.1\;{\mu}mole$ Pi/mg protein/min. regardless the feeding period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.552-557
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• 2020

The Radar Cross Section (RCS) is a virtual region indicating the strength of a wavelength at which a radar signal is reflected and received. As the ship's RCS represents its own stealth performance and survivability, efforts have been made in various areas from design to construction to reduce the RCS. The RCS can be predicted using design drawings and CAD models, but it is necessary to measure the RCS at sea since sea clutter and multipath reflections occur in the sea environment. However, such RCS predictions and measured values provide only a simple relative magnitude to the user, and there has not been much research on this topic. In this paper, a missile countermeasure technique was studied using 3D RCS measurement data in an operating environment. The elevation and azimuth angle of the ship viewed from the missile were estimated using the location information of the missile, and the RCS value was inverted by mapping it to previously measured 3D RCS measurement data. In addition, by using the movement information of the missile, the RCS observed by the missile could be predicted in advance, and this method can be used to propose a response plan based on the maneuvering and chaff system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.130-148
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effect of the water extract of Gamisamgibopae-tang(GMSGBPT), an oriental herbal formulation, on the growth of NCI-H460 and A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Methods : Cytotoxicity and cell morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and inverted microscope, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometer. The expression levels of mRNAs and proteins of target genes were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analyses, respectively Result and Conclusion : We found that exposure of A549 cells to GMSGBPT resulted in the growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay, but GMSGBPTdid not affect the growth of NCI-H460 cells. The anti-proliferative effect of GMSGBPT treatment in A549 cells was associated with morphological changes, formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that GMSGBPT treatment increased the populations of apoptotic-sub G1 phase. Growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death by GMSGBPT were connected with a up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) mRNA and protein in a tumor suppressor p53-independent fashion. However GMSGBPT treatment did not affect other growth regulation-related genes such as early growth response-1 (Egr-1), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenases (COXs), telomere-regulatory factors in A549 orNCI-H460 cells. Taken together, these findings partially provide novel insights into the possible molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of GMSGBPT.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.146-159
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• 2021

DNA methylation, and consequent down-regulation, of tumour suppressor genes occurs in response to epigenetic stimuli during cancer development. Similarly, human oncoviruses, including human papillomavirus (HPV), up-regulate and augment DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, thereby decreasing tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) expression. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1), an epigenetic regulator of DNA methylation, is overexpressed in HPV-induced cervical cancers. Here, we investigated the role of UHRF1 in cervical cancer by knocking down its expression in HeLa cells using lentiviral-encoded short hairpin (sh)RNA and performing cDNA microarrays. We detected significantly elevated expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a known TSG, in UHRF1-knockdown cells, and this gene is hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissue and cell lines, as indicated by whole-genome methylation analysis. Up-regulation of UHRF1 and decreased TXNIP were further detected in cervical cancer by western blot and immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Oncomine database analysis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified the inverted CCAAT domain-containing UHRF1-binding site in the TXNIP promoter and demonstrated UHRF1 knockdown decreases UHRF1 promoter binding and enhances TXNIP expression through demethylation of this region. TXNIP promoter CpG methylation was further confirmed in cervical cancer tissue by pyrosequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Critically, down-regulation of UHRF1 by siRNA or UHRF1 antagonist (thymoquinone) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), which stabilises and promotes UHRF1 function, is increased by HPV viral protein E6/E7 overexpression. These results indicate HPV might induce carcinogenesis through UHRF1-mediated TXNIP promoter methylation, thus suggesting a possible link between CpG methylation and cervical cancer.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.625-635
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• 2021

South Korea established the 2050 Carbon Neutral Plan in response to the climate crisis, and to achieve this policy, it is very important to monitor domestic carbon emissions and atmospheric carbon concentration. Both CO₂ and CO are emitted from fossil fuel combustion processes, but the relative ratios depend on the combustion efficiency and the strength of local emission regulations. In this study, the relationship between CO₂ and CO was analyzed using ground observation data for the period of 2018~2020 at Anmyeon-do site and the CO/CO₂ ratio according to regional origin during high CO₂ cases was investigated based on the footprint simulated from Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model. CO₂ and CO showed a positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.66 (p < 0.01), and averaged footprints during high CO₂ cases confirmed that air particles mainly originated from eastern and north-eastern China, and inland of Korean Peninsula. In addition, it was revealed that among the cases of high CO₂ concentration, when the CO/CO₂ ratio is high, the industrial area of eastern China is greatly affected, and when the ratio is low, the contribution of the domestic region is relatively high. The ratio of CO₂ and CO in this study is significant in that it can be used as a useful factor in determining the possibility of domestic and foreign origins of climate pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.408-422
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• 2000

Multiple geophysical methods were applied over the Manjang cave area in Cheju Island to compare and contrast the effectiveness of each method for exploration of underground cavities. The used methods are gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity and GPR(Ground Pentrating Radar) survey, of which instruments are portable and operations are relatively economical. We have chosen seven survey lines and applied appropriate multiple surveys depending on the field conditions. In the case of magnetic method. two-dimensional grid-type surveys were carried out to cover the survey area. The geophysical survey results reveal the characteristic responses of each method relatively well. Among the applied methods, the electric resistivity methods appeared to be the most effective ones in detecting the Manjang Cave and surrounding miscellaneous cavities. Especially, on the inverted resistivity section obtained from the dipole-dipole array data, the two-dimensional distribution of high resistivity cavities are revealed well. The gravity and magnetic data are contaminated easily by various noises and do not show the definitive responses enough to locate and delineate the Manjang cave. But they provide useful information in verifying the dipole-dipole resistivity survey results. The grid-type 2-D magnetic survey data show the trend of cave development well, and it may be used as a reconnaissance regional survey for determining survey lines for further detailed explorations. The GPR data show very sensitive response to the various shallow volcanic structures such as thin spaces between lava flows and small cavities, so we cannot identify the response of the main cave. Although each geophysical method provides its own useful information, the integrated interpretation of multiple survey data is most effective for investigation of the underground caves.