• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

The competitiveness of a corporate has always been an endeavor factor in the field of Business Management and with introduction of computer, various system; Decision Support System. Executive Information System. Management Information System has dramatically improved the competitiveness. According to the environmental change, organizational complexity. rapid information technology development. it is accelerated to introduce the Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) System. ERP System is considered as an important tool for management innovation. Korean enterprises have been adopting ERP to reinforce competitive power and to realize global standardization in recent years. This study on the performance of ERP Systems is designed to take a look at the importance, outcome factors of information system, the quality measurement of the information system, and breaking the quality of the information system into system quality, information quality.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

Introduction Jaundice is one of the most common conditions found in neonatal period. Phototherapy is one of the main treatments for neonatal jaundice. However, several adverse effects of the phototherapy have been reported, including DNA damage recently. Therefore, a variety of treatments have been conducted to shorten the duration of phototherapy. Meanwhile, it has been hardly tried to prevent neonatal jaundice, but diverse approaches have been tried in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for many years. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the studies for the treatments to prevent neonatal jaundice based on TCM. Materials and Methods Various literatures have been searched via CNKI, and PubMed using the terms "neonatal jaundice" (新生儿黄疸, 胎黃, 胎疸) in category of 'Traditional Chinese Medicine', 'Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs' and 'Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine With Western Medicine'. The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), case reports, reviews and animal experiments published from 2013 to 2015. Results A total of 104 studies were found. 93 articles were excluded by reviewing the titles and abstracts. Out of the remaining 11 studies, 9 articles were RCTs, 2 articles were CCTs. The treatment used in neonatal babies in the studies were, using herbal remedies (meditation 5, bath 3 and retention enema 1) and the acupressure. All treatments were initiated within the first 24-48 hours after their birth. Then, there was a study that the subjects taken the herbal medicine were women during pregnancy. The outcome assessments used were the serum total bilirubin (TB), transcutaneous bilirubin measurement (TCB), the incidence of the hyperbilirubinemia, the duration time of the jaundice. Especially, TB, TCB and the incidence of the hyperbilirubinemia have decreased significantly more than that of the control group in the most of the results. No severe adverse events were reported in all articles reviewed. Conclusions Conventional treatment such as, herbal medicine in TCM, seems to be the effective way to prevent neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, the conventional treatment may be favorable choice for preventive treatment for neonatal jaundice.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 2009

In 21C, computer is having a powerful influence on every fields. As music field is no exception, the computer music is regarded as a next generation music. Especially the focus of 21st century's music is now moving from MIDI of 20th century to the Realtime interactive music in which computer is used as a practical instrument. Most european countries and America are doing a lot of research and performing these music. But in Korea, known as a fairly strong IT country, there is no enough perception of the importance of this new outcome of the new media era, and introduction of this music is slow as well. In this paper, we suggest the possibility of using the new way of composition by realtime interactive music in Korea. This can be a strong merit for Korean composers who want to use Korean instruments which were limited to be used as international instruments because of their restricted registers, techniques and so on.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-171
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• 2019

The cap-and-trade system against the air pollutants in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea has been implemented since 2008 and will be implemented other areas in Korea on 2020. In this study, to identify the outcome and effectiveness of the cap-and-trade system in the SMA, (1) the rate of change for NOx and SOx emissions, (2) differences between the real emission and allocated amount, and (3) the status of trading are reviewed. It was found that the NOx and SOx emissions from the sources under the cap-and-trade system decreased in the SMA but the reduction was mainly due to the reduction of fuel usage not related to the system. It was found that the average percentage of annual emission in the SMA to the allocated amount between 2008 and 2018 was 66.9% for NOx and 69.3% for SOx, respectively. It suggests that there was over allocation of the emission amounts. The average trading prices in the SMA were 0.193 $/kg for NOx and 0.128 $/kg for SOx, far lower than those in RECLAIM, 131.942 $/kg and 81.677 $/kg, respectively. It was suggested that (1) the cap system for NOx and SOx emissions should be implemented only for the area with high emission ratio from large point sources, (2) the trade system is not suitable for the effective implementation of the cap system, and (3) Korean government should not allow over allocation in order to ensure sound market function without delaying the introduction of technology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.957-962
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• 2012

Objective: Rapidly increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Malaysia and the introduction of cutting edge new treatments, which prolong survival, mean that treatment outcome measures meed to be evaluated, including consideration of patient's quality of life (QoL) assessment. There are limited data on QoL in CRC patients, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was performed focusing on cancer stages and age groups. Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2011 at three public tertiary hospitals with the EORTC QLQ C-30 questionnaire in addition to face to face interview and review of medical records of 100 respondents. Results: The mean age was 57.3 (SD 11.9) years with 56.0% are males and 44.0% females, 62% of Malay ethnicity, 30% Chinese, 7% Indian and 1% Sikh. Majority were educated up to secondary level (42%) and 90% respondents had CRC stages III and IV. Mean global health status (GHS) score was 79.1 (SD 21.4). Mean scores for functional status (physical, emotional, role, cognitive, social) rangeds between 79.5 (SD 26.6) to 92.2 (SD 13.7). Mean symptom scores (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia, dyspnoea, loss of appetite) ranged between 4.00 (SD 8.58) to 20.7 (SD 30.6). Respondents role function significantly deteriorates with increasing stage of the disease (p=0.044). Females had worse symptoms of pain (p=0.022), fatigue (p=0.031) and dyspnoea (p=0.031). Mean insomnia (p=0.006) and diarrhea (p=0.024) demonstrated significant differences between age groups. Conclusion: QOL in CRC patients in this study was comparable to that in other studies done in developed countries. Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea are worse among female CRC patients. Given that functions deteriorates with advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, a systematic screening programme to detect cases as early as possible is essential nationwide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.261-264
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• 2008

IPv6 has been proposed and deployed to cater the shortage of IPv4 addresses. It is expected to foresee mobile phones, pocket PCs, home devices and any other kind of network capable devices to be connected to the Internet with the introduction and deployment of IPv6. This scenario will bring in more challenges to the existing network infrastructure especially in the network security area. Firewalls are the simplest and the most basic form of protection to ensure network security. Nowadays, firewalls' usage has been extended from not only to protect the whole network but also appear as software firewalls to protect each network devices. IPv6 and IPv4 are not interoperable as there are separate networking stacks for each protocol. Therefore, the existing states of the art in firewalling need to be reengineered. In our context here, we pay attention only to the IPv6 firewalls configuration anomalies without considering other factors. Pre-evaluation of security risk is important in any organization especially a large scale network deployment where an add on rules to the firewall may affect the up and running network. We proposed a new probabilistic based model to evaluate the security risks based on examining the existing firewall rules. Hence, the network administrators can pre-evaluate the possible risk incurred in their current network security implementation in the IPv6 network. The outcome from our proposed pre-evaluation model will be the possibilities in percentage that the IPv6 firewall is configured wrongly or insecurely where known attacks such as DoS attack, Probation attack, Renumbering attack and etc can be launched easily. Besides that, we suggest and recommend few important rules set that should be included in configuring IPv6 firewall rules.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pain management education on pain of the terminal cancer patients at home. For evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention modified Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS, 1995) including patients concerns with cancer pain management, pain intensity, and interference of daily activities related to pain were measured before and after the education in control group and experimental group and the differences were compared with each other. Satisfaction with pain management was measured after the intervention. Pain management education was delivered to 16 experimental group patients by home care nurses, who were provided with 3-hour education on cancer pain management by one of the researchers. Pain management education included common misconceptions about cancer pain control and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and emphasis was put on the importance of pain reports and patients' active participation in pain management. The results of the study were as follows. Patients concerns with pain management were decreased more greatly in the experimental group than those of the control group. The worst, average, and present pain intensities during the last 24 hours were decreased more greatly in the experimental group, and total score and each subcategory of the interference of daily living, except walking, were decreased more greatly in the experimental group. And satisfaction score with total pain management and nurses response to the pain reports were higher in the experimental group. The results of this study suggest that pain management education given to the patients by home care nurses is a very useful intervention to improve pain of the cancer patients at home. This positive result is thought to derive from patients' active pain report and participation in pain control and the use of powder form sustained release morphine for breakthrough pain control in part. Further studies with increased sample size from more institutions are recommended and early introduction of short acting morphine is strongly suggested for effective cancer pain control.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

Introduction: Painful plantar callosities under the second and third metatarsal heads are not uncommonly associated with hallux valgus and there have been controversies concerning its treatment modalities. We performed the Weil osteotomy in patients with painful callosities under the second and third metatarsal head associated with hallux valgus, and evaluated the outcome clinically & radiologically. Materials and Methods: From November 2000 through November 2001, out of 51 patients diagnosed with hallux valgus, the Weil osteotomy was performed in 5 women associated with painful callosities under the second and third metatarsal heads. The mean age was 53.4 years (range, 31-66) with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months(range, 12-16). Results: The mean AOFAS lessor metatarso-phalangeal-interphalngeal Scale(LMIS) improved from 61.2 points preoperatively to 88.8 points postopertively. Mean decreases in length of the second and third metatarsal after surgery were 3.2mm and 3mm. Conclusion: We experienced improvement of metatarsalgia in 80% of patients by Weil osteotomy and all patients were symptom-free at last follow-up, suggesting that the Weil osteotomy is an effective procedure in treating painful plantar callosities under the second and third metatarsal heads associated with hallux valgus.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2017

Background Lipedema is a condition consisting of painful bilateral increases in subcutaneous fat and interstitial fluid in the limbs with secondary lymphedema and fibrosis during later stages. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the standard of care in most countries. Since the introduction of tumescent technique, liposuction has been used as a surgical treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of liposuction used as treatment for lipedema. Methods Twenty-five patients who received 72 liposuction procedures for the treatment of lipedema completed a standardized questionnaire. Lipedema-associated complaints and the need for CDT were assessed for the preoperative period and during 2 separate postoperative follow-ups using a visual analog scale and a composite CDT score. The mean follow-up times for the first postoperative follow-up and the second postoperative follow-up were 16 months and 37 months, respectively. Results Patients showed significant reductions in spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, feeling of tension, bruising, cosmetic impairment, and general impairment to quality of life from the preoperative period to the first postoperative follow-up, and these results remained consistent until the second postoperative follow-up. A comparison of the preoperative period to the last postoperative follow-up, after 4 patients without full preoperative CDT were excluded from the analysis, indicated that the need for CDT was reduced significantly. An analysis of the different stages of the disease also indicated that better and more sustainable results could be achieved if patients were treated in earlier stages. Conclusions Liposuction is effective in the treatment of lipedema and leads to an improvement in quality of life and a decrease in the need for conservative therapy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2009

Korean medical fee contract system between the insurer and healthproviders was introduced in 2000. However, a continuous discord among contracting parties concerned and an irrational operation of an arbitration committee of Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (MIHWAF) have made it difficult for them to reach to an agreement over last 8 years. The purpose of this study is to observe the current problems of contract system from the view of health insurance law and actual examples. Furthermore, I examined the of breakdown of negotiation by analyzing the eligibility of contracting parties, rationality of Resource Based Relative Value System (RBRVS) and contracting method and fairness of arbitration method in case of negotiation rupture. The results were as follows: First, since the introduction of medical fee contract system, there has been a problem in that both the president of National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) and health care provider association have not held strong negotiation power. Second, the frequent changes and notifications of Relative Value Units (RVUs) without any mutual consent between the insurer and provider association negatively have influenced the conversion factors and finally hindered the agreement of contract. Third, a current process that the conversion factors are mediated and determined at the arbitration committee of MIHWAF in the case of contract breakdown between contracting parties has some flaw in that the irrational composition of committee provoked the lack of fairness and objectivity of mediation. Fourth, we can not prospect a satisfactory outcome of arbitration committee because the mediation always has failed to proceed smoothly due to boycott of both committee members from insurer and providers over last 8 years. As a result, we have to make an every effort to resolve problems mentioned above and then dream of an advanced national health insurance system.