• 약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2005

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmen tal facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Campsis grandiflora extract on the UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. C. grandiflora extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 82% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity the cultured HDFs were analyzed by increase in DCF fluorescence upon exposure to UVB 20 $MJ/cm^2$ after treatment of C.grandiflora extracts. The results showed that oxidation of CM-DCFDA was inhibited by C.grandiflora extracts effectively and C.grandiflora extracts has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB- irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our results suggest that C.grandiflora can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, and skin cell damage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.801-808
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• 2017

본 연구는 장내세균 Bifidobacterium bifidum 배양액과 추출액을 사용하여 자외선B를 조사한 인간 진피섬유아세포에서 세포생존율과 세포 노화 및 세포주기의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 자외선B에 의한 세포 보호 효능을 평가하였다. 우선 자외선B를 조사한 결과 광량에 비례하여 HDFs의 생존율이 감소하였으며 $100mJ/cm^2$ 조사 시 67.3%로 떨어졌으나 B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액 처리 후 세포생존율을 증가시켜 자외선B에 대한 보호 효능이 있었다. 그리고 $SA-{\beta}-gal$ activity 변화를 측정한 결과에서 세포 노화율을 감소시켰음을 확인하였다. 또한, propidium iodide staining을 통하여 세포주기상 Sub-G1기 세포 수가 감소하였으므로 apoptosis를 억제하였고 이는 세포주기를 정상화하는 데 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액 처리한 결과 세포 내 활성산소종이 감소함에 따라 p53과 p21의 발현을 감소시켰으며, 따라서 이에 본 연구에서 B. bifidum 배양액과 추출액은 UV-B로 인한 손상을 보호하는 효과가 있음을 규명하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

활성산소의 세포막 파괴 효과로부터 보호작용과 항산화 활성이 강한 균주를 선별하기 위하여 33균주에 대한 세포네 glutathione 함유율과 linoleic acid 산화억제활성을 측정하였다. Lactobacillus casei CU4114 25.15 umol/g으로 가장 높은 함유율을 보이고 있으며Lactobacillus rhamnosus CU4201, Lactobacillus plantarum CU4203이 14.0umol/g으로 통계적인 유의성을 나타내는 수준으로 높은 함유율을 나타내었다. 포자형 성균주중의 glutathione 함유율 측정 결과 Lactobacillus sporogenes CU4109, Sporolactobacillus inulinus CU4110 은 Bacillus coagulans 균주의 GSH 함유율보다 유의성이 인정되는 높은 함유율을 나타내었다. L. acidophilus CU4111, L. casei CU4114, L. brevis CU4206, L. helveticus Cu4231은 Lactobacillus spp. 중 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었고 Bacillus coagulans의 항산화 활성범위는 6.02${\sim}$51.72%로 나타났으며 Bacillus coagulans 균주의 항산화 활성이 Lactobacillus spp.의 산화억제활성보다 높은 성향을 나타내었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2009

The plant Agastache rugosa Kuntze has various physiological and pharmacological activities. Especially, it has been regarded as a valuable source for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced disorders. However, little has been known about the functional role of it on oxidative damage in mammalian cells by ROS. In this study, we investigated the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and intracellular ROS scavenging capacity, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of the extracts from Agastache rugosa. In addition, we evaluated whether the extract can be capable of reducing $H_2O_2$-induced DNA and cell damage in NIH 3T3 cells. These extracts showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA damage and the lipid peroxidation causing the cell damage by $H_2O_2$. Therefore, these results suggest that Agastache rugosa is useful as a herbal medicine for the chemoprevention against oxidative carcinogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2015

The antioxidant activity of white ginseng was not recorded in Korea Functional Food Code, while its activity of red ginsengs was recorded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepato protective effect of different ginsengs in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. White and red ginseng were prepared from longitudinal section of the same fresh ginseng (4-year old). The whole parts of white and red ginsengs were separately extracted with 70% ethanol and distilled water respectively, at 70 ℃ to obtain therapeutic ginseng extracts namely, WDH (distilled water extract of white ginseng), WEH (70% ethanol extract of white ginseng), RDH (distilled water extract of red ginseng) and REH (70% ethanol extract of red ginseng). In this work, we have investigated the DPPH, hydroxyl radical, Fe²⁺-chelating activity, intracellular ROS scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation of different ginsengs. All these extracts showed a dose dependent free-radical scavenging capacity and a ROS generation as well as lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by treatment with bioactive extracts of white ginsengs (WDH) than red ginsengs. Additionally, white ginseng extracts (WDH) has dramatically increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and catalase in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. All these results explain that administration of white ginseng is useful as herbal medicine than red ginseng for chemoprevention of liver damage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2002

We have previously demonstrated that kudzu root extracts have a hypocholesterolemic effect on rats fed diets high in fat and cholesterol. To further elucidate the mechanism involved, in this study we investigated the effect of water extracts of kudzu root, Pueraria radix, on the production of apolipoprotein B$_{100}$ (APo B$_{100}$) in HepG$_2$ liver cells and secretion of apolipoprotein B$_{48}$ (Apo B$_{48}$) in Caco$_2$ cells. Human cell lines, HepG$_2$ liver cells and Caco$_2$ intestinal epithelial cells, were grown with various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of water extracts of kudzu root in the media. The kudzu root extract decreased Apo B$_{100}$ production and secretion. Treatment of HeP G$_2$ cells with the kudzu root extract also significantly decreased the intracellular total and free cholesterol concentration, and also decreased esterified cholesterol but was only significant at the highest dose of 2%. Apo B$_{48}$ production, but not secretion, from enterocytes was lowered by the kudzu root extracts. This research provided evidence that the hypocholesterolemic properties of kudzu root may be a consequence of decreased production and secretion of Apo B$_{100}$ in the liver and Apo B$_{48}$ in the intestine.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.678-683
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• 2007

Extracts from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba are becoming increasingly popular as a treatment that is claimed to reduce atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and thrombosis. In this study, the effect of ginkgolide B (GB) from Ginkgo biloba leaves in collagen (10 ${\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation was investigated. It has been known that human platelets release matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9), and that it significantly inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen. Zymographic analysis confirmed that pro-MMP-9 (92-kDa) was activated by GB to form an MMP-9 (86-kDa) on gelatinolytic activities. And then, activated MMP-9 by GB dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization, and thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) formation in collagen-stimulated platelets. Activated MMP-9 by GB directly affects down-regulations of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or $TXA_2$ synthase in a cell free system. In addition, activated MMP-9 significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which have the anti-platelet function in resting and collagen-stimulated platelets. Therefore, we suggest that activated MMP-9 by GB may increase the intracellular cAMP and cGMP production, inhibit the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization and $TXA_2$ production, thereby leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results strongly indicate that activated MMP-9 is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. It may act a crucial role as a negative regulator during platelet activation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 한국의 전통발효식품인 식해, 열무김치, 비지에서 분리한 유산균의 프로바이오틱스로써의 사용 가능성을 확인하였다. 분리된 유산균 중 pH 2.5의 산에서 60% 이상의 생존율을 나타내는 Pediococcus inopinatus BZ4, Lactobacillus plantarum SH1, Lactobacillus brevis SH14, Pediococcus pentosaceus YMT1, Leuconostoc mesenteroides YMT2는 0.3% 담즙산에서도 모두 우수한 생존율을 나타내어 이 5종을 선별하여 실험을 진행하였다. 간접적으로 유용미생물의 군집화 및 병원성 세균의 부착을 저해하는 자가 응집 및 상호 응집 실험에서 다섯 개의 유산균은 강력한 응집능을 나타내었다. 유기용매를 이용한 세포 표면 소수성 실험에서 3가지 용매에 모두 부착성을 나타내어 세포 표면의 높은 소수성을 보여주었으며 이는 간접적으로 장세포에 부착할 수 있는 세포 부착능이 우수하다는 것을 보여준다. 또한, DPPH, ABTS 라디컬 소거능 측정, 지질 과산화억제능 실험에서도 선별된 유산균의 cell-free supernatant 및 intracellular cell-free extract는 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 진균인 C. albicans ATCC 10231를 제외한 4가지 병원성세균(E. coli KCTC 2571, H. pylori HPKCTC B0150, L. monocytogenes KCTC 13064, S. aureus KCTC 1916)에서 모두 항균활성이 나타남을 확인하였다. 상기 실험결과를 바탕으로, 분리된 유산균은 항산화, 항균활성을 보유하고 있는 프로바이오틱스 제제로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며 이는 기초적인 실험으로써 산업화를 위한 임상검증 등의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1086-1091
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of the extracts of dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) leaves were evaluated. The highest phenolic content was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) (202.1$\pm$0.8 mg GAE/g dried extract) and it exhibited the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The cytoprotective effects of EF on oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 cells, were investigated to understand the intracellular antioxidant mechanisms. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EF prior to oxidative stress was found to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies on EF resulted in tentative identification of 19 compounds representing 94.3% of the total content. Taken together, these results demonstrated that EF has excellent antioxidant activities and thus dangyuja leaves have great potential as a source for natural antioxidant which can be applied in food products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.982-988
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• 2022

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) has been used as preventive and therapeutic material for hyperpigmentation disorders. Previously, we isolated noble compounds including dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD) and isoangustone A (IAA) from licorice hexane/ethanol extracts. However, their anti-melanogenic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study compared effects of DGC, DGD and IAA on pigmentation in melan-a melanocytes and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn). DGD exerted the most excellent anti-melanogenic effect, followed by DGC and IAA at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, DGD significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro cell-free system and cell system. Western blot result showed that DGD decreased expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melan-a cells and HEMn cells. DGD induced phosphorylation of MITF, ERK and Akt signal pathway promoting MITF degradation system. However, DGD did not influence p38 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/CREB signal pathway in melan-a cells. These result indicated that DGD inhibited melanogenesis not only direct regulation of tyrosinase but also modulating intracellular signaling related with MITF level. Collectively, these results suggested a protective role for DGD against melanogenesis.