• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

To develop DNA markers for analysis of genetic characteristics of Phytophthora capsici population, randomly selected clones from HindIII-digested genomic DNA library of P. capsici 95CY3119 were surveyed by hybridizing to Southern blots of HindIII-digested total genomic DNA of P. capsici. Probe DNAs inserted into selected individual clones strongly hybridized with HindIII digests of P. capsici. Among probes examined, PC9 revealed the repetitive and highly polymorphic bands to HindIII digests of inter-and intra-field P. capsici isolates. Genetic diversity of individual isolates was also clearly revealed in cluster analysis based on its band patterns. The other probe, PC22, was hybridized only to DNA from P. capsici and this was highly repetitive. However, there was no response to other Phytophthora species and Pythium sp. These DNA probes could be used as very useful markers in analysing genetic diversity and identification for P. capsici population throughout the world.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.32-43
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• 2014

This paper presents the intra capacitance modeling according to the winding method, section bobbin and coil structure for hybrid choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of broad bands from lower frequency bands to higher frequency bands and high frequency type common-mode choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of high frequency band used in the EMI Block of LED-TV SMPS. In case of high frequency type CM choke coil, it can be explained the parasitic capacitance of A type and section bobbin type winding methods among them is much smaller than the other. The first resonant frequency of the proposed CM choke coil tends to increase as the parasitic capacitance becomes small and its impedance characteristics also show improved performance as the first resonant frequency increases. In case of hybrid choke coil using rectangular copper wire, it has investigated its parasitic capacitance compared to CM choke coil of conventional toroidal type becomes small. Also it has confirmed through the experiment results that CE margin and RE margin in frequency bands 0.5MHz to 5MHz and 30MHz to 200MHz are respectively 10dB and 15dB greater than that of conventional type in case of one stage EMI filter structure adopting hybrid choke coil compared to two stage EMI Filter structure using two of each CM choke coil used in the lower and higher frequency bands or two of CM choke coil used in only the lower frequency bands. In the future, the hybrid choke coil and CM choke coil of high frequency type show it can be practically used in not only LED/LCD-TV SMPS but also several applications such as LED Lighting, Laptop Adapter, Server Power Supply and so on.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2005

This paper discusses how to effectively design a next-generation wireless communication system that can possibly provide very high data-rate transmissions and versatile quality services. In order to accommodate the sophisticated user requirements and diversified user environments of the next-generation systems, it should be designed to take an efficient and flexible structure for multiple access and resource allocation. In addition, the design should be optimized for cost-effective usage of resources and for efficient operation in a multi-cell environment. As orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has turned out in recent researches to be one of the most promising multiple access techniques that can possibly meet all those requirements through efficient radio spectrum utilization, we take OFDMA as the basic framework in the next-generation wireless communications system design. So, in this paper, we focus on introducing an OFDMA-based downlink system design that employs the techniques of hybrid multiple access (HMA) and frequency group (FG) in conjunction with intra-frequency group averaging (IFGA). The HMA technique combines various multiple access schemes on the basis of OFDMA system, adopting the multiple access scheme that best fits to the given user condition in terms of mobility, service, and environment. The FG concept and IFGA technique help to reduce the feedback overhead of OFDMA system and the other-cell interference (OCI) problem by grouping the sub-carriers based on coherence band-widths and by harmonizing the channel condition and OCI of the grouped sub-carriers.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

Genomic DNA from the muscle of marsh clam (Corbicula leana) from Gochang, Muan and a Chinese site was extracted to identify genetic differences and similarity by randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD- PCR). Out of 20 primers, seven primers produced amplified fragments which were consistently polymorphic. A total of 1,246 amplified products were produced of which 530 were polymorphic $(42.5\%)$. The number of polymorphic bands produced per primer varied from 40 to 122 with an average of 75.7 in marsh clam from Gochang. 3.28 of the 23.0 polymorphic bands per lane were found to be polymorphic. Also, about $4.34\%$ of total polymorphic bands were specific to marsh clam from Gochang. The major common bands of 0.28 kb generated by primer OPB-15 (GGAGGGTGTT) were present in every individuals, which were polymorphic. This common bands in every individuals should be diagnostic of specific strains, species and/or their relatedness. Primer OPB-19 (ACCCCCGAAG) produced the highest number of 12 specific bands. The intra-population variation was revealed in the band patterns identified by this primer. The random primer OPB-12 (CCTTGACGCA) yielded the amplified fragments which were consistently polymorphic between the marsh clams from Gochang and from Muan. This primer produced a total of 77 polymorphic bands: 31 bands from Gochang, 14 from Muan and 32 from the Chinese populations. An average of polymorphic bands were 1.8 from Gochang and 2.5 from the Chinese populations. This value obtained from the Chinese population was higher than those from the two domestic populations. Generally, the RAPD polymorphism generated by these primers may be useful as a genetic marker for strain or population identification of marsh clam.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Traditional electroencephalography (EEG)-based authentication systems generally use external stimuli that require user attention and relatively long time for authentication. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of biometric authentication based on EEG without using any external stimuli. Seventeen subjects took part in the experiment and their EEGs were measured while repetitively closing and opening their eyes. For identifying each subject, we calculated inter- and intra-subject cross-correlation using changes in alpha activity (8-13 Hz) during eyes closed as compared to eyes open. In order to optimize the number of recording electrodes, we calculated authentication accuracy by progressively reducing the number of electrodes used in the analysis. Significant increase in alpha activity was observed for all subjects during eyes closed, focusing on occipital areas, and spatial patterns of changed alpha activity were considerably different between the subjects. A mean authentication accuracy of 92.45% was obtained, which was retained over 75% when using only 8 electrodes placed around occipital areas. Our results could demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed novel authentication method based on resting state EEGs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2010

$Er^{3+}$ ion shows a stable and efficient luminescence at 1.54mm due to its $^4I_{13/2}\;{\rightarrow}\;^4I_{15/2}$ intra-4f transition. As this corresponds to the low-loss window of silica-based optical fibers, Er-based light sources have become a mainstay of the long-distance telecom. In most telecom applications, $Er^{3+}$ ions are excited via resonant optical pumping. However, if nanocluster-Si (nc-Si) are co-doped with $Er^{3+}$, $Er^{3+}$ can be excited via energy transfer from excited electrical carriers in the nc-Si as well. This combines the broad, strong absorption band of nc-Si with narrow, stable emission spectra of $Er^{3+}$ to allow top-pumping with off-resonant, low-cost broadband light sources as well as electrical pumping. A widely used method to achieve nc-Si sensitization of $Er^{3+}$ is high-temperature annealing of Er-doped, non-stoichiometric amorphous thin film with excess Si (e.g.,silicon-rich silicon oxide(SRSO)) to precipitate nc-Si and optically activate $Er^{3+}$ at the same time. Unfortunately, such precipitation and growth of nc-Si into Er-doped oxide matrix can lead to $Er^{3+}$ clustering away from nc-Si at anneal temperatures much lower than ${\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ that is necessary for full optical activation of $Er^{3+}$ in $SiO_2$. Recently, silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) was reported to be a promising alternative to SRSO that can overcome this problem of Er clustering. But as nc-Si formation and optical activation $Er^{3+}$ remain linked in Er-doped SRSN, it is not clear which mechanism is responsible for the observed improvement. In this paper, we report on investigating the effect of separating the nc-Si formation and $Er^{3+}$ activation by using hetero-multilayers that consist of nm-thin SRSO or SRSN sensitizing layers with Er-doped $SiO_2$ or $Si_3N_4$ luminescing layers.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the reliability and validity of static balance measurements using an acceleration sensor and a gyroscope sensor in smart phone inertial sensors. Design: Equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Methods: Subjects were forty five healthy adults aged twenty to fifty-years-old who had no disease that could affect the experiment. After pre-test, all participants wore a waist band with smart phone, and conducted six static balance measurements on the force plate twice for 35 seconds each. To investigate the test-retest reliability of both smart phone inertial sensors, we compared the intra-correlation coefficient (ICC 3, 1) between primary and secondary measurements with the calculated root mean scale-total data. To determine the validity of the two sensors, it was measured simultaneously with force plate, and the comparision was done by Pearson's correlation. Results: The test-retest reliability showed excellent correlation for acceleration sensor, and it also showed excellent to good correlation for gyroscope sensor(p<0.05). The concurrent validity of smartphone inertial sensors showed a mostly poor to fair correlation for tandem-stance and one-leg-stance (p<0.05) and unacceptable correlation for the other postures (p>0.05). The gyroscope sensor showed a fair correlation for most of the RMS-Total data, and the other data also showed poor to fair correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: The result indicates that both acceleration sensor and gyroscope sensor has good reliability, and that compared to force plate, acceleration sensor has unacceptable or poor correlation, and gyroscope sensor has mostly fair correlation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2023

In hybrid block-based video coding, transform coding converts spatial domain residual signals into frequency domain data and concentrates energy in a low frequency band to achieve a high compression efficiency in entropy coding. The state-of-the-art video coding standard, VVC(Versatile Video Coding), uses DCT-2(Discrete Cosine Transform type 2), DST-7(Discrete Sine Transform type 7), and DCT-8(Discrete Cosine Transform type 8) for primary transform. In this paper, considering that DCT-2, DST-7, and DCT-8 are all linear transformations, we propose an inverse transform that reduces the number of multiplications in the inverse transform by using the linearity of the linear transform. The proposed inverse transform method reduced encoding time and decoding time by an average 26%, 15% in AI and 4%, 10% in RA without the increase of bitrate compared to VTM-8.2.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2022

The incidence of fever complicating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is rare. However, little is known regarding the cause of fever after PCI. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with or without fever, after PCI. We enrolled a total of 926 AMI patients who underwent PCI. Body temperature (BT) was measured every 4 hours or 8 hours for 5 days after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to BT as follows: BT<37.7℃ (no-fever group) and BT ≥37.7℃ (fever group). The 2 years clinical outcomes were compared subsequently. Fever after PCI was associated with higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.28; P=0.021), all-cause death (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18-4.45; P=0.014), cardiac death (CD) (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.02-6.76; P=0.049), and any revascularization (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02-2.81; P=0.044) than without fever. In women, prior chronic kidney disease, lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, higher LV wall motion score index, white blood cell count, peak creatine kinase-myocardial band level, and longer PCI duration were associated with fever after PCI. Procedures such as an intra-aortic balloon pump, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous renal replacement therapy, central and arterial line insertion, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were related to fever after PCI. Fever after PCI in patients with AMI was associated with a higher incidence of MACE, all-cause death, CD, and any revascularization at the 2 years mark than in those without fever.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.287-301
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• 1989

A tree of Ailanthus altissima Swingle was fastened with a plastic band, 19mm wide, around the stem 180cm above ground level and was left to grow under this condition for one year, By removal of this band the tumorous tissue gradually developed and the tree bearing distinct tumorous tissue, an overgrowth surrounding the stem, was harvested two years after the band removal. For the investigation of this tumorous part and its comparison with adjacent normal parts in the anatomical features of individual elements, the tumorous part and parts directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part were obtained from the tree. The tumor wood having remarkably wider growth increment occurred in the 3rd growth ring the first year after removal of the fastened band, and the barrier zone which delimited the discolored wood from the normal-colored wood inwards appeared u1 the intra-2nd growth ring produced during the fastened period in the tumorous part and the false ring-like zones equivalent to barrier Zone were shown in the normal-colored 2nd growth rings of the parts directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part, as well. The tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, and proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after barrier zone in the tumorous part shared common characteristics in the irregular growth ring boundary, misshapen and shorter individual fibers and vessel elements, and large ray widths and heights. The springwood pores were smaller in diameter in the tumor wood, and the larger radial and smaller tangential diameters of summerwood solitary pores and individual pores consisting of pore multiples in proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after the barrier zone were transformed into near-isodiametric in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part. Only in proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after the barrier zone were transformed into near-isodiametric in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part, ray densities greatly increased. And the massive tumor wood was caused not by cell size but by cell number because the radial and tangential diameters of fibers in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part were not sufficiently different from those in the same aged growth rings of the directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part.