• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.462-464
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• 1992

In this paper, an extraction of depth intonation in pattern using neural network is presented. All the 3D images represent the depth information in grey pixels. This pixels which have analog values translated digital values. Because of the noise and distortion in pattern, we use the normalization in learning and recalling the patterns. Our method has eight direction vectors and slopes for pattern. Also, we use potential to obtain the mean slope and direction vectors of given 3D patches. The higher level of deduction finding the global depth information is also carried out by using neural network.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

This study investigates the effect of pitch range reset in Korean listeners' processing of syntactically ambiguous participle structures. Unlike Japanese and English,in Korean, the downtrend or the reset of pitch range does not consistently differentiate Accentual Phrases (AP), a lower level of phrasing, from Intonational Phrases (IP), a higher level of phrasing. Therefore, we explore Korean listeners' comprehension patterns for syntactically ambiguous speech strings varying in 1) the relative height of F0 peaks across prosodic units, and 2) the types of prosodic phrasing, to see whether pitch range reset informs the recovery of syntactic structure even though it is not reflected in the intonational hierarchy in Korean. The results show that the hierarchical level of prosodic phrasing affects the parsing pattern of syntactic ambiguity. The pitch range reset also cued the location of syntactic boundaries, but this effect was confined to phrases across AP.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2003

This paper investigates edge effects on the relationship between the underlying tonal sequence and its surface realization in the IP-final Accentual Phrase within the Optimality Theoretic framework. I will examine the way in which AP tones are aligned with their associated syllables in IP-final position. In Korean. Jun's (1996) 'see-saw effect' does not allow any two identical tones if they are marking a boundary of a prosodic group. A phonetic experiment conducted in this paper suggests that the 'see-saw effect' only apply to H boundary tones. Furthermore, it will be shown that the timing of tonal peaks is determined through the ranking of a set of violable constraints. The AP tonal realization is achieved through the access to the global intonation in a complicated way. In the course of discussion, pitch patterns in IP-medial Accentual Phrase will also be discussed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1994

본 논문은 국어 음성 인식 및 합성을 위한 음운$\cdot$음성학적인 기초 연구 몇가지를 포괄적으로 소개하고자 한다. 그 구체적인 내용은 첫째, 분절음의 음운론적 특성연구로서, 분절음의 변이 목록및 컴퓨터 입력 기호의 작성, 둘째, 분절음의 음성학적 특성 연구로서, 단어내 자음의 위치에 따라 음향 파라메타를 조정하는 시범안 제시, 세째, 운율의 음운론적 특성 연구로서 운율 자질들의 음운론적 기능과 인식 단서의 제시, 네째, 운율의 음성학적 특성 연구로서 표준 한국어의 악센트와 억양 패턴의 제시, 다섯째, 음성 인식 및 합성에의 국어 음성$\cdot$음운 지식의 활용 방안 제시이다.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.303-318
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• 2003

This paper attempts to investigate the tonal implementations of English stress clash, arguing that a preceding stress shifts leftward when two lexical stresses conflict across word boundaries or that H* and L* pitch accents are alternatively manifested on the stressed syllables, establishing intonational peak and valley contours. We claim that the H*/L* alternation might be a tonal strategy to avoid stress clash, and that pitch could be solely manipulated to display a rhythmic effect with maintaining lexical stress. In the experiment, we examined two-word combinations whose boundaries involve stress clash, and divided them into two categories. One has the preceding words involving a heavy syllable ahead of stress to guarantee the place for a shifting stress and the other, a light syllable, in which case stress shift is completely prevented. We analyzed the distribution of pitch accents in the word combinations, focusing on the pitch configurations in the cases where stress should not be shifted. Results show that approximately 50% of the stimuli show stress shift in the heavy syllable combinations of the preceding words; the preceding stress is moved leftward within the word. The other 50% and the light syllable combinations show various pitch accents patterns; H* and L* alternation, deaccentuation of either stressed syllable, or L-insertion between two H* pitch accents, etc. We interpret this as a rhythmic effect of tone to avoid stress clash and suggest that a true stress clash would be confined into cases without H*/L* contours.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.405-414
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• 2007

This paper describes a preliminary work on prosody modeling aspect of a text-to-speech system for Thai. Specifically, the model is designed to predict symbolic markers from text (i.e., prosodic phrase boundaries, accent, and intonation boundaries), and then using these markers to generate pitch, intensity, and durational patterns for the synthesis module of the system. In this paper, a novel method for annotating the prosodic structure of Thai sentences based on dependency representation of syntax is presented. The goal of the annotation process is to predict from text the rhythm of the input sentence when spoken according to its intended meaning. The encoding of the prosodic structure is established by minimizing speech disrhythmy while maintaining the congruency with syntax. That is, each word in the sentence is assigned a prosodic feature called strength dynamic which is based on the dependency representation of syntax. The strength dynamics assigned are then used to obtain rhythmic groupings in terms of a phonological unit called foot. Finally, the foot structure is used to predict the durational pattern of the input sentence. The aforementioned process has been tested on a set of ambiguous sentences, which represents various structural ambiguities involving five types of compounds in Thai.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2000

In spoken language, the characteristics of prosodic realization are related to the meaning of utterance. The pitch pattern of an interrogative sentence which differs from that of declarative sentences can be considered in this respect.. If we consider the question-answer pair, we can find that the most important variation comes from the intended meaning of asking. In this paper, we experiment with four kinds of interrogative sentences and show that the difference in pitch patterns of interrogative sentences can be explained in relation to the focus phenomena that is, the differences of the boundary tones in interrogative sentences are due to the differences in the prosodic domain of focus. For a relevant explanation with the focus phenomena, we divided focus into the categories: emphatic focus, which plays a role in delivering the speaker's intended meaning for the sentence interpretation, and informational focus, delivers the central intended meaning of the utterance. The results can be summarized in three points. First, High boundary tone delivers the meaning of asking. Second, the realization of different boundary tones that are found in wh-question and alternative question are just phonetic variations caused by focusing. Third, the high rise boundary tone in echo questions is related to the meaning of surprise or incredulity, and this relation is a consensus of existing opinion, that is, the speaker's attitude of surprise can raise the pitch range. From these results we can distinguish between boundary type and phonetic variation, and we can also give appropriate meaning to the different boundary tones in interrogative sentences that have been regarded as merely a part of sentence type.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

경상 방언 내포문 의문사의 작용역 지각 반응 시간과 범주 지각의 양상을 분석하였다. 지각 실험을 위한 자극은 내포문 의문사가 모문 작용역을 갖는 문맥이 주어진 하나의 문장을 40명의 화자가 발화한 것으로, 지각 실험은 24명이 참가하였다. 피험자는 40개의 자극에 대해 모문 작용역(설명 의문문)인지 또는 내포문 작용역(판정 의문문)인지를 선택하게 하는 강제 선택 실험을 3회 진행하고 그 반응 시간을 기록하였다. 모문 작용역 응답 수를 기준으로 자극을 정렬한 후 작용역 응답에 따른 반응 시간을 정렬 순서에 따라 시각화한 결과 모문과 내포문 작용역 응답이 범주적 지각의 결과임이 분명히 나타났으나, 이에 따른 반응 시간의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 화자에 따른 범주 지각 양상으로 볼 때, 작용역 해석에 영향을 주는 요인은 형태/통사적 제약과 운율 구조적 완결성으로 보이며, 한 요인의 가중치는 다른 요인의 가중치와 반비례 관계에 있는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.