• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2001

Essential oils of 21 herb plant samples, using spectrophotometric and paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions, were tested in vitro for their growth-inhibiting activities against Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli. The responses varied with bacterial strains and plant oils. At 10 mg/disk, all essential oils did not inhibit beneficial intestinal bacteria, except for the oil of Alpinia officinarum and Melaleuca alternifolia against L. casei. Due to their strong growth-inhibitory activities against C. perfringens, E. coli, and L. casei, the activites of nine oils were evaluated at low concentrations. In test with C. perfringens at 1 mg/disk, the oils of Amyris balsamifera, Curcuma longa, M. alternifolia, and Trachyspermum ammi showed moderate activities. Moderate activities against E. coli were observed with the oils of M. alternifolia and T. ammi. These results may be indications of at least one of the pharmacological actions of the four herb plants.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2019

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) develop through the continuous interaction with intestinal antigens such as commensal microbiome and diet. However, their respective roles and mutual interactions in the development of IELs are largely unknown. Here, we showed that dietary antigens regulate the development of the majority of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs in the small intestine and the absence of commensal microbiota particularly during the weaning period, delay the development of IELs. When we tested specific dietary components, such as wheat or combined corn, soybean and yeast, they were dependent on commensal bacteria for the timely development of diet-induced $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. In addition, supplementation of intestinal antigens later in life was inefficient for the full induction of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. Overall, our findings suggest that early exposure to commensal bacteria is important for the proper development of dietary antigen-dependent immune repertoire in the gut.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2001

아직도 우리나라에서는 미국과 같은 선진국과 비교해 폐결핵의 유병률이 높은 상태이다. 그리고 높은 폐결핵 발생과 함께 장결핵의 발생도 높을 것으로 예상되나 정확한 통계 및 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 또한, 발생 가능성이 높을 것으로 예상되는 장결핵에 의한 영양실조에 대한 관심도 부족한 실정이다. 저자 등은 결핵 발생이 현격하게 감소되지 않는 한 앞으로도 계속 발생할 수 있는 장결핵에 의한 영양실조의 가능성을 상기하고자 장결핵에 의한 영양실조 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Gut and Liver
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.674-681
• /
• 2018

Background/Aims: The cumulative surgery rate and postoperative relapse of intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) have been reported to be high. This study aimed to establish a scoring system based on follow-up endoscopic findings that can predict intestinal BD recurrence after surgery. Methods: Fifty-four patients with intestinal BD who underwent surgery due to bowel complications and underwent follow-up colonoscopy were retrospectively investigated. Their clinical data, including colonoscopic findings, were retrieved. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to develop an appropriate endoscopic classification model that can explain the postsurgical recurrence of intestinal BD most accurately based on the following classification: e0, no lesions; e1, solitary ulcer <20 mm in size; e2, solitary ulcer ${\geq}20mm$ in size; and e3, multiple ulcers regardless of size. Results: Clinical relapse occurred in 37 patients (68.5%). Among 38 patients with colonoscopic recurrence, only 29 patients had clinically relapsed. Multivariate analysis identified higher disease activity index for intestinal BD at colonoscopy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005 to 1.021; p=0.002) and colonoscopic recurrence (HR, 2.829; 95% CI, 1.223 to 6.545; p=0.015) as independent risk factors for clinical relapse of intestinal BD. Endoscopic findings were classified into four groups, and multivariate analysis showed that the endoscopic score was an independent risk factor of clinical relapse (p=0.012). The risk of clinical relapse was higher in the e3 group compared to the e0 group (HR, 6.284; 95% CI, 2.036 to 19.391; p=0.001). Conclusions: This new endoscopic scoring system could predict clinical relapse in patients after surgical resection of intestinal BD.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.471-478
• /
• 2016

Background: Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The present study examined the ability of water extract of fermented (FRC) and non-fermented (NFRC) roasted Cassia tora to improve intestinal function and reduce constipation in a rat constipation model. Methods and Results: Different concentration of FRC and NFRC were orally administered loperamide (5 mg/kg; LOP) reduced the number, weight, and water content of feces, as well as intestinal transit motility. However, 24 h-(24 hour fermented roasted-Cassia tora) 300 mg/kg FRC administration increased the number, weight, and water concent of feces, compared to that seen in the LOP group, and also improve intestinal transit mitility and, the thickness of distal colon and mucous fluid. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that LOP-induced constipation was improved by treatment with FRC. Therefore FRC could be used to develop functional foods or natural medicine for constipation. However, further study is needed to clarify how fermentation improves the medicinal properties of roasted C. tora.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2019

Small intestine has a structure called villi that increases the mucosal surface area for nutrient absorption. Intricate and tight epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for villi development. These interactions are regulated by signaling molecules, physical forces, and epithelial deformation. Signaling molecules include hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt ligands. The Hh ligand is expressed from the epithelium and binds to the underlying mesenchymal cells, resulting in aggregation into mesenchymal clusters. The clusters express BMP and Wnt ligands to control its size and spacing between clusters. The clusters then form villi. Despite the fact that the villi formation is studied extensively, we do not have a complete understanding. In addition, the recent study shows there is a great relationship between the overexpression of the Hh signal and development of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, signaling between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their physical interactions will be discussed on this review.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2006

Serum ferritin levels are increased in subjects at-risk for or with acute lung injury (ALI), and there are observations to suggest that increases in serum ferritin levels may help predict the development of ALI in at-risk individuals. To deepen our understanding of increases of serum ferritin and their relationship to the development of ALI, we measured serum ferritin levels before and after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, and found that serum ferritin levels increased significantly following I/R. Increases in serum and lavage ferritin levels paralleled increases in lung inflammation (lavage leukocyte numbers and tissue myeloperoxidase activities) and lung leak (lavage protein levels). In contrast, pre-treatment of rats with mepacrine (60 mg/kg, i.p.), a phospholipase $A_2$ inhibitor, attenuated not only I/R-induced serum and lavage ferritin increases, but also the development of ALI. These findings indicate that, besides of human subjects with ALI, serum ferritin levels increase early on also in an animal model of ALI. Therefore, serum and lavage ferritin can be a candidate for early biomarker of ALI.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.210-214
• /
• 1997

Ruminal degradation characteristics and intestinal availability of crude protein (CP) in four animal-origin feeds (fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal, feather meal) were estimated by mobile nylon bag technique. Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein dairy cows (average body wt. 550kg) fed a diet containing 40% concentrate and 60% orchard grass hay on a dry matter (DM) basis. Assuming that the outflow rate of diet in rumen is 5% per hour (k =0.05), contents of quickly degradable CP (QDP), slowly degradable CP (SDP), and undegradable CP (UDP) in the rumen were 27.6%, 9.4%, 63.0% for fish meal, 34.3% 28.1%, 37,6% for meat meal, 43.9%, 12.5%, 43.6% for viscera meal, and 14.4%, 15.8%, 69.8% for feather meal, respectively. Intestinal CP degradability was 51.0% for fish meal, 27.2% for meat meal, 37.9% for viscera meal and 56.2% for feather meal. Available UDP in the intestinal tract was contained 288 g, 217 g, 246 g and 423 g per kilogram DM of diet in fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal and feather meal, respectively.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.487-492
• /
• 2019

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type IV is characterized by pigmentary abnormalities, deafness and Hirschsprung's disease. This syndrome can be triggered by dysregulation of the SOX10 gene, which belongs to the SOX (SRY-related high-mobility group-box) family of genes. We discuss the first known case of a SOX10 frameshift mutation variant defined as c.895delC causing WS type IV without Hirschsprung's disease. This female patient of unrelated Kuwaiti parents, who tested negative for cystic fibrosis and Hirschsprung's disease, was born with meconium ileus and malrotation and had multiple surgical complications likely due to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. These complications included small intestinal necrosis requiring resection, development of a spontaneous fistula between the duodenum and jejunum after being left in discontinuity, and short gut syndrome. This case and previously reported cases demonstrate that SOX10 gene sequencing is a consideration in WS patients without aganglionosis but with intestinal dysfunction.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Background : Irregular meals and insufficient exercise are major modern lifestyle-related risk factors for constipation. This study aimed to examine the effects of the aqueous extract of Dendrobium speciosum var. (DM) on the improvement of intestinal function and prevention of constipation in rats. Methods and Results : Constipation in rat was induced by loperamide (4 mg/kg) injection for 5 days and rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: normal control rats (NOR), constipated rats (LOP induced) and constipated rats supplemented with dulcolax-S (POS), DMSG, 100 mg/kg (DMSG-100), 300 mg/kg (DMSG-300) and 500 mg/kg (DMSG-500). The DMSG groups showed increments in the frequency and amount of stools compared to the LOP group. Loperamide treatment markedly reduced the water content of feces, whereas DMSG administration significantly increased fecal water contents. Moreover, DMSG improved intestinal transit speed in constipated-rats. Alcian blue staining revealed increased mucus production by crypt cells and mucus contents in feces and the mucosal surface. Conclusions : In summary, DM extraction significantly improves intestinal function in rats, which indicates the effectiveness of this extract in the prevention and treatment of constipation.