• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.67-96
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 한 개인이 내린 윤리적 의사결정이 개인중심 성향이나 집단중심 성향과 같은 개인의 문화성향과 상호작용하는지를 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 연구 1(N=92)에서는 개인의 문화성향에 따라 다수의 이익이 부각되거나 소수의 희생이 강조되는 상황에서 윤리적 의사결정의 차이가 나타나는지를 비교하였다. 그 결과 다수의 이익이 부각되는 상황에서는 공리주의적 입장에 대한 선호가 더 컸고, 소수의 희생이 강조되는 상황에서는 의무론적 입장에 대한 선호가 더 컸다. 또한 문화성향에 따른 도덕판단 기준의 중요성을 평정하게 했을 때, 개인중심성향에서는 위해와 공정의 기준을, 집단중심성향에서는 위해, 내 집단, 공정과 권위를 모두 도덕판단의 중요한 기준으로 인식하였다. 연구 2(N=30)에서는 개인 또는 집단을 어휘판단과제를 통해 점화시킨 후, 윤리적 의사결정의 과정을 마우스추적기법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 도덕판단에서 '네'와 '아니오'의 최종적 반응으로 이어지는 경로를 마우스궤적으로 분석한 결과, 소수의 희생이 부각되면 개인점화조건에서는 집단점화조건에 비해 마우스편차와 X축 방향전환횟수가 더 컸다. 또한 내집단과 연관된 행동을 판단할 때, 개인점화조건에서는 집단점화조건보다 마우스편차가 더 큰 경향성이 나타났다. 마우스편차의 증가는 자동적인 정서의 과정을 통제하면서, 다른 대안적인 응답을 동시에 고려하는 사고과정임을 생각할 때, 이 결과는 문화성향과 갈등상황에 따라 도덕판단의 과정이 달라질 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine health status and health behavior of adolescents by socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted for 836 adolescence respondents. Results: First, the score of health status was 3.75 and high in 12-15 ages, living together with parents and private medical insured person. The score of oral health status was 2.85 and high in 12-15 ages, employed health insured, living together with parents. Second, dental treatment need was high in female, low income and dental checkup high in 12-15 ages and high income. Influenza vaccination was high in 12-15 ages. Diet contents was good in high income, living together parents and private medical insured and having breakfast was high in male, 12-15 ages, high income, living together with parents and private medical insured person. Third, smoking experience was high in male, low income, living together with single father or mother and drinking age was high in high income family. Forth, sinusitis was high in high income and small pox was high in low income. Conclusion: There might be many differences in the health status and health behavior of adolescents by sex, age, house income, type of family, private medical insurance. Our findings suggest that the need to develop appropriate health education program for high health problem behavior and intervention strategies for socioeconomic specified groups at greater risk.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

Purpose: To determine effects of family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, autonomic nerve activation (ANA), and happiness of elderly in long-term care hospitals. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. It was conducted on 39 elderly patients (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) in long-term care hospitals. The experimental group (n=19) received family conflict mitigation documentary programs. The family conflict mitigation documentary programs consisted of four sessions (40-50 minutes per session). These programs were implemented in small groups, with each group having five elderly. Data were analyzed by sing the conflict checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Chi-square test with Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of conflict (t=-2.31, p=.028) and the value of sympathetic nervous system activity (t=8.36, p=.007) compared with those of the control group. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly increased the value of parasympathetic nervous system activity (t=-2.91, p=.008) and scores of happiness (t=5.46, p<.001). Conclusion: The family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, ANA, and happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals are effective intervention programs for mitigating conflicts between elderlies and their families and for improving happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 연하장애를 가진 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용된 혀 운동을 체계적으로 분석한 논문이다. 혀 운동에 대한 전반적인 효과를 검증하고, 현재 이루어지고 있는 혀 운동에 대한 경향을 파악하는데 그 목적을 가지고 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) 체크리스트 및 흐름도를 이용하여 체계적 고찰을 시행하였다. 데이터베이스는 PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, RISS, e-article 을 통해 문헌 검색을 진행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 문헌의 수는 총 6편이었고, 문헌의 질을 평가하기 위하여 PEDro scale(Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 분석된 논문 6편에서 3가지의 중재 방법이 포함되었다. 혀 운동의 종류로는 혀 근력훈련 3편, 혀 근력 및 정확도 훈련 2편으로 모두 아이오와 구강 수행 도구를 통한 중재를 시행하였고, 혀 신장훈련을 적용한 논문이 1편이었다. 조사된 문헌에서 시행한 중재 별 치료 효과는 모두 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만 대부분 표본수가 적어 일반화 시키기는 어려울 것으로 생각되며, 실험군과 대조군 비교 시 몇몇 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않은 결과들이 있는 만큼 전통적 연하재활치료도 구강기 연하장애를 가지고 있는 환자들에게 적절한 치료 방법으로 판단된다. 결론 : 본 연구는 작업치료사들이 연하장애를 가진 뇌졸중 환자들에게 혀 운동을 적용함에 있어 효율적인 연하재활치료를 제공하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이며, 혀 운동의 효과를 알아보기 위해 더 많은 연구축적이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review interventions available to nurses caring for siblings of children with cancer. Methods: Searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and RISS identified ten intervention studies published from January, 2000 to November, 2016. Results: Ten studies on interventions for siblings of pediatric cancer patients were identified as follows: 4 included camps, 4 included support groups, and 2 provided individual interventions. Theoretical frameworks were mainly cognitive behavioral theory and most studies were led by psychologists and multidisciplinary teams. The purpose of the interventions was primarily enhancing psychosocial adjustment. Siblings' fear of disease, self-esteem, and social support were improved significantly after the interventions. Findings were inconsistent with regard to depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress, health-related quality of life, and siblings' perceptions of the illness. Conclusion: Study findings showed the potential for enhancing emotional and behavioral outcomes in siblings of children with cancer. However, the number of studies was very small, and several methodological limitations were identified. In the future, more randomized controlled trials with larger samples are needed to extend the evidence base. Moreover, future research should identify sibling's characteristics and circumstances most likely to bring benefits to the siblings.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the topical anesthetic effect of herbal medicine. Methods : Using domestic database(OASIS, RISS) and foreign database(Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI), clinical studies about efficacy of herbal medicine as topical anesthetics were searched. Only randomized controlled trials(RCT) were selected and analyzed. Results : Total 647 studies were searched. After screening process, 5 articles were selected. 2 were from Chinese database and 3 were from English database. Articles were about clinical use of herbal medicine as topical anesthetics and compare their efficacy with conventional topical anesthetics. Out of 5 articles, 4 articles used pain rating scales recorded by subjects as outcome measurement. All studies showed lower pain score in herbal medicine using groups. 4 studies showed that there was no statistically significant difference in pain score between herbal medicine using group and conventional topical anesthetics using group. Conclusions : The results suggest that topical anesthetics using herbal medicine is as effective as or maybe even more effective than conventional topical anesthetics. However, experimental design and composition of intervention were all different, which provides inaccuracy when comparing the experimental results. Also, sample sizes were small and the number of RCTs were insufficient to identify full list of herbs that have potentials to be used topical anesthetics. Further studies need to be conducted to find out potentials of herbal medicine as topical anesthetics.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods: Six-hundred patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were recruited from mental health welfare centers in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to median DUP. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean DUP was 80.8 weeks, and the median DUP was 15.9 weeks. Patients with Medicaid, higher age, and longer duration of the schizophrenia prodrome were more likely to have a longer DUP. The DUP was shorter in patients who were consulted by family/relatives prior to treatment. Patients visiting university hospitals were more likely to have a shorter DUP compared with those visiting psychiatric clinics or small-sized mental hospitals, i.e., with less than 100 beds. A multivariate regression analysis showed that the duration of the prodrome was a factor that significantly affected DUP. Conclusion: The vulnerable group of patients with schizophrenia with a long DUP should be monitored closely. Moreover, it is necessary to develop a strategy to identify patients who have an insidious course of psychosis to reduce the DUP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.629-638
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• 1997

연구배경 : 객혈의 치료 방법으로 다양한 내과적 보존적 치료와 동맥색전술이 사용되어지고 있다. 응급수술시 높은 사망율과 수술후 동반되는 폐의 기능적 또는 구조적 장애 등으로 수술적 치료가 어려운 경우 동맥색전술은의 유용성은 밝혀져 있다. 그러나 동맥색전술후 즉각적인 지혈의 효과는 높으나 객혈이 재발되는 등의 문제점이 남아있으며 객혈의 양이 적은 경우에 동맥색전술의 즉시효과와 재발에 대하여는 잘 알려져있지 않다. 방 법 : 소량의 객혈 환자를 대상으로 동맥색전술을 시행하였던 군과 보존적 치료를 시행하였던 군을 장기간 관찰함으로서 객혈환자에서 동맥색전술과 보존적 치료 간의 유용성을 비교 연구하였다. 결 과 : 객혈의 양은 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 치료를 시행한 군에 있어서 하루에 100ml 미만인 경우는 19예(44%)와 13예(59%), 100~400ml인 경우는 24예(56%)와 9예(41%)로서 동맥색전술을 시행한 군에서 많았으나 양군간의 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05, p > 0.05). 즉시효과는 동맥색전술을 시행한 군 43예 중 43예(100%)로 보존적 치료를 시행한 군 22예중 17예(77%)보다 높았다(p < 0.001). 평균 무병기간은 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 시행한 군에서 $19.5{\pm}8.06$개월과 $18.8{\pm}6.06$개월로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 치료를 시행한 군에서 치료반응을 보인 경우는 36예(82%)와 21예(95%)로 양군간에 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). 객혈의 양에 따른 치료반응은 100ml 미만인 경우 29예(91%), 100~400ml인 경우 28예(85%)로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 객혈의 양상에 따른 치료반은은 간헐적 객혈군에서 20/23예(87%)였으며 비간헐적 객혈군에서 37/42예(88%)로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결 론 : 소량의 객혈 환자에서 즉시효과는 동맥색전술을 시행한 군에서 높았으나 장가간에 걸친 치료반응(완전관해 및 부분관해)에 있어 양군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2001

Object : Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is accepted as appropriate surgical intervention for disease processes of the ventral cervical spine. In some cases, however, improvement of symptom following operation develop myelopathy or rhizopathy at longterm follow-up. We studied to clarify the correlation between clinical results and plain radiologic findings at long term follow-up. Methods : A total of 86 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion were grouped into deteriorated and good recovery group. These two groups were compared in lateral functional roentgenograms on the cervical kyphosis and disc height at fused level, sagittal plane rotation and dynamic sagittal canal diameter at adjacent level. Results : The presence of cervical kyphosis and disc height at fused level do not correlate with long term followup results. Sagittal plane rotation of more than 20 degrees were identified in 36% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same findings were identified in 15% of the cases in good group. Sagittal diameter of less than 12mm were identified in 48% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same finding were identified in 8% of the cases in good group. Preoperatively, sagittal plane rotation of more than 20 degrees at adjacent level were identified in 28% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same findings were identified in 13% of the cases in good group. Preoperatively sagittal diameter of less than 12mm at adjacent level were identified in 40% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same finding were identified in 7% of the cases in good group. Conclusion : Large sagittal plane rotation and small dynamic sagittal diameter at adjacent level were factors that might be associated with later clinical deterioration after cervical anterior fusion.