• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.621-630
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• 2013

This study, after education for nursing students through texts on hand washing, PPT materials and practices, will investigated the types of the subjects' attitude toward hand washing and attempt to provide basic data needed for nursing education and nursing practice program. As the methods of this research, Q methodology was applied, and 20 sophomores in the Department of Nursing Science as P-sample from October 8, 2012 to October 15, 2012 were asked to distribute Q-sample of 9-point Q-sample distribution, and the collected data were processed with principal factor analysis method by the PC QUANL program. As a result of the research, their attitude toward hand washing was classified into 3 types. The three factors extracted all had eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained approximately 56.67% of the variation in responses 40.41%, 10.14% and 6.11% respectively. Type 1 was the ones with the increased number of hand washing; Type 2 was the ones who recognize the need of hand washing education; and Type 3 was the ones who dry hands after washing. In conclusion, the significance of the classification of the types of the attitude after the hand washing education is that with the development of programmes of nursing education and nursing practice, individualized intervention strategies should be differently provided.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

This study investigated the exercise intensity and energy expenditure involved in two gardening activities (planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot) and four common physical activities (running, skipping rope, walking, and throwing a ball) in children. Eighteen children aged 11 to 13 years (mean age, $12.3{\pm}0.7$ years) participated in this study. The children made two visits to a high tunnel in Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea and performed randomly selected activities. Each activity was performed for 10 min, with a 5-min rest period between activities. The children wore a Cosmed $K4b^2$ (Cosmed $K4b^2$; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), which is a portable calorimetric monitoring system, to measure indicators of metabolic cost such as oxygen uptake and energy expenditure. The children's heart rates during the activities were measured by radiotelemetry (Polar T 31; FitMed, Kempele, Finland). We found that the two gardening and four physical activities performed by the 11-13 years old children in this study were moderate-to high-intensity physical activities [i.e.,$5.4{\pm}0.7$ to $9.1{\pm}1.4$ metabolic equivalents (METs)]. Running ($9.1{\pm}1.4$ METs) and skipping rope ($8.8{\pm}1.1$ METs) were high-intensity physical activities, whereas walking ($6.1{\pm}0.9$ METs), planting transplants ($5.8{\pm}1.1$ METs), throwing a ball ($5.6{\pm}1.1$ METs), and sowing seeds ($5.4{\pm}0.7$ METs) were moderate intensity physical activities. Running and skipping rope were significantly more intense than the other activities (P < 0.0001). The gardening tasks such as planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot showed similar exercise intensities and energy costs as walking and throwing a ball. This study indicates that gardening can be used as a physical activity intervention to provide health benefits similar to more common physical activities such as walking and running.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4629-4635
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• 2012

This study was aimed at the relationship between peak EMG amplitude on low back muscles acting on L5/S1 and load center of gravity, trunk lateral bending while lifting an object. Musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain can occur even when handling heavy objects only once as well as when doing non-heavy materials repeatedly. 11 male subjects with average 23 age were required to lift a 15.8kg object symmetrically three times. Peak EMG amplitudes on 6 muscles related with L5/S1 were recorded and analyzed. The lifting conditions consisted of lifting symmetric load with no trunk lateral bending, asymmetric load with no trunk lateral bending, and asymmetric load with trunk lateral bending to the load center of gravity within an object. The results showed that peak EMG amplitude on back muscles contralateral to load center of gravity was observed greater in comparison with the symmetric load. Also, in case of lifting asymmetric load the posture with trunk lateral bending increased peak EMG amplitude on muscles contralateral to load center of gravity more than with no trunk lateral bending. This research can be used as one administrative intervention in order to reduce the low back pain incidence with suggesting workers that they keep the trunk not bending to load center of gravity if possible when lifting a heavy asymmetric object.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4660-4668
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among stress, ego-resilience and school adjustment resilience of the high school girl students. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. The subjects were 250 students from 3 high schools located in I city. Data were collected on September, 2010 by using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using PASW/WIN 18.0 program. The mean score of stress was 3.05, among the subitems, the score of the school related stress was the highest. The mean score of ego resilience was 2.86, and school adjustment resilience was 75.58. Stress showed significant differences according to satisfaction level with school and teachers. School adjustment resilience was significantly different in terms of satisfaction level with school and teachers, grade, alcohol drinking experience and having counter sex friends. And there were significant correlations among school adjustment resilience and school related, family related, friend related stress. These results suggest that the school life, teachers, and friends have important duties to improve school adjustment resilience. Therefore, it is needed to develop intervention program considerated school related factors to release stressors of the high school girl students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.169-177
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• 2012

Due to the influences of global financial crisis, countries are putting their efforts on the enhancement of appropriateness and transparency of director compensation. In several countries including Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, listed companies and financial institutions in certain levels make public announcement for compensations of individual directors, not the averages. Recently, even Asian countries including China, Hong Kong, and Singapore are introducing individual director compensation public announcement policies. On the other hand, in cases of companies, which must submit annual reports, under current Korean capital market laws and enforcement ordinances, they are obligated to mention 'total wage paid to all executives in that business year' on the annual report, but does not have to mention individual wages of each executive. About this, at the 17th national assembly, revised bill for the Securities and Exchange Act for companies to mention wages of each executive. The financial world is opposing to open individual director compensation to the public as they concern about the shrinking of outstanding human resources recruitment, breach of corporate confidence, privacy invasion, deterioration of labor-management relations, and downfall of the executive's management will as director compensation will be standardized downward; however, if public opening of individual director compensation is forced, domestic companies will prepare more objective and rational standards when they calculate director compensations, and moreover, it will prevent arbitrary intervention of dominant shareholders. Therefore, to clearly and efficiently control director compensation, we need regulations for obligating public opening of individual director compensation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5179-5186
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• 2012

Miglitol, a well-known therapeutic intervention agents for diabetes, exhibits competitive inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and it is usually produced through three sequential steps including chemical and bioconversion processes. Gluconobactor oxydans (G. oxydans) belonging to acetic acid bacteria biologically, converts 1-deoxy-1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-D-glucitol (P1) into a key intermidiate, 6-(2-hydroxyetyl) amino-6-deoxy-${\alpha}$-L-sorbofuranose (P2) by incomplete oxidation. In this study, we identified and optimized fermentation conditions of CK-2165, that was selected in soil samples by comparing the bioconversion yield. CK-2165 strain was found to be closely related to G. oxydans based on the result of phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequence. Utilization of API 20 kits revealed that this strain could use glucose, mannose, inositol, sorbitol, rhamnose, sucrose, melibiose, amygdalin and arabinose as carbon sources. The culture conditions were optimized for industrial production and several important factors affecting bioconversion rate were also tested using mycelial cake. Cell harvested at the late-stationary phase showed the highest bioconversion yield and $MgSO_4$ was critically required for the catalytic activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5317-5325
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors, and we wanted to evaluated the related factors in urban areas. 1,388 adults of 30 years and over, not recognized as taking medicines for or having cardiovascular diseases, who underwent health package check-up at the health promotion center of a university hospital. All subjects were measured by height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and blood chemistry(lipid profile). As a results, the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome of study subjects were 21.7%, and the rates of metabolic risk factors were HDL-C, blood pressure, TG, abdominal obesity and FBS in that order. And the factors such influencing on metabolic syndrome as age, BMI, smoking habits, vegetable consumption and family history of the diabetes. Consequently, it is suggested that the evaluation and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in order to the risk management of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of muscle strength and gait ability of paralyzed lower extremity through convergent stimulation of tDCS(transcranial direct current stimulation) during mirror therapy with resistance exercise in chronic stroke patients. 12 patients with stroke were randomly assigned and divided into groupI(n=6) and groupII(n=6). GroupI provided NDT(neurodevelopmental treatment) and mirror therapy with sham tDCS, and groupII provided NDT and mirror therapy with tDCS. Each convergent stimulation was conducted 5 times a week, 30 minutes per session for a total of 4 weeks. All evaluation was conducted before intervention and performed after 4 weeks. Lower extremity strength showed a significant improvement in groupII compared to groupI(p<.05), and in comparison between groups by variance, significant difference in the quadriceps(p<.01) and tibialis anterior(p<.01). Gait ability showed a significant improvement in both groupI(p<.05) and groupII(p<.05), and significant difference in comparison between groups by variance(p<.01). In conclusion, mirror therapy with tDCS convergent stimulation had a positive improvement effect on paralyzed lower extremity to strength and gait ability through the overlapping interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.417-424
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• 2020

There is increasing tension and anxiety about being evaluated by others such as anxiety, which is felt when others' evaluation is expected or actual, and this is called social interaction anxiety. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing intervention program that can reduce social interaction anxiety among nursing college students by analyzing factors affecting social interaction anxiety in nursing college students. The subjects of this study were four nursing college students in B city and C city. The survey data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The results of this study show that social interaction anxiety was positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation (r=.67, p<.001), fear of positive evaluation (r=.56, p<.001), and intolerance of uncertainty (r=.44, p<.001). Factors affecting ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in terms of social interaction anxiety was interpersonal relationship (β=.19, p<.001), fear of negative evaluation (β=.43, p<.001), and fear of positive evaluation (β=.34, p<.001). The explanatory power of these variables was 58.1%. Therefore, it is thought that nursing college students need to provide a support system to maintain good interpersonal relationships, to reduce sensitivity to positive and negative evaluation, and to accept and positively evaluate their own ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.498-507
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of thoracic flexibility exercise on sitting balance, static standing balance, gait parameters, and the fall risk of patients with chronic stroke. The participants were randomized into the control (n=12) and thoracic flexibility exercise groups (n=12). Both groups received standard rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes per session. The subjects in the experimental group performed additional thoracic flexibility exercises 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The trunk impairment scale, static standing balance, gait speed, cadence, and fall risk were assessed for all the participants before and after the intervention. The thoracic flexibility exercise group showed greater improvement than did the control group on the trunk impairment scale (t=-3.57, p=.002), static standing balance (t=5.37, p<.001), gait speed (t=-3.29, p=.003), cadence (t=-2.77, p=.011), and fall risk (t=6.33, p<.001). Furthermore, the thoracic flexibility exercise group significantly improved all the outcomes compared to the baseline values (P<.05). This study showed that the thoracic flexibility exercise improved the functional ability of patients with chronic stroke.