• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.449-452
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• 2017

The nipple-sharing technique for nipple reconstruction offers excellent tissue matching. The method used for nipple graft harvesting determines the quality of the graft and hence, the success of nipple sharing. Here, we described a guillotine technique wherein the nipple is first transfixed with 2 straight needles to stabilise it. Two No. 11 blades are then inserted in the center and simultaneously swept outwards to amputate the distal portion of the nipple. This technique provides good control, resulting in a very evenly cut base. The recipient bed is deepithelialized thinly, and the nipple graft is inset with interrupted 8-0 nylon sutures under magnification. Being a composite graft, it is protected with splint dressings for 6 weeks, and the dressing is regularly changed by the surgeon. The height of the nipple grafts ranges from 4 to 8 mm. This technique was performed in 9 patients with an average follow-up of 2.9 years (range, 1-4.5 years). Apposition between the nipple graft and its bed is crucial for the success of this technique. When correctly applied, we observed rapid revascularization of the graft.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.822-825
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• 2002

The paravalvular leak after redo mitral prosthetic valve replacement is rare but serious complication when it does happen. This condition should be corrected surgically to increase life span and improve symptoms. But simple closure or patch closure of paravalvular leak are not effective in cases of weak annulus or broad defect. We report 3 cases of trido mitral valve replacement using mechanical valve with its sewing ring expanded by a collar of Dacron sheet. The prosthetic sewing ring is anchored on the weak mitral annulus with multiple interrupted sutures, while the Dacron collar is contineuously sutured to the left atrial wall for blood tight sealing. All of the three cases showed event free postoperative course.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.178-181
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• 2013

A single specimen (506 mm SL) of Gempylus serpens, belonging to the family Gempylidae, order Perciformes, was firstly collected from Jeju Island, Korea in April 2013. This specimen was characterized by having the lower jaw protruded than upper jaw; three big fangs on upper jaw; five dorsal finlets and seven anal finlets; two lateral lines split at the dorsal origin, upper line interrupted at the end of the first dorsal fin, but lower line extend to the caudal fin base. The new Korean name "Se-jang-gal-chi-ggo-chi-sok" is proposed for the genus Gempylus, and "Se-jang-gal-chi-ggo-chi" for the species G. serpens.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of family visits upon the stress response of patients and their families, Methods: This study was the interrupted time series design, The subjects consisted of 197 patients and 197 family members in the cardiac intensive care unit of S Hospital in Bucheon. Physiological stress responses such as blood pressure, heart rates, respiration rates, and oxygen saturation were measured using HP monitors. VAS was used to measure the emotional stress. Collected data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA, t-test by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results: The family visits did not change patients' blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate and oxygen saturation, However the anxiety level of patients and their family members were decreased significantly during family visits. Furthermore, 30-minute family visit reduced more effectively patient's anxiety than 15-minute family visit. Conclusion: Family visits need to be used as a means of nursing intervention to ease the emotional stress of patients and their families. In addition, increasing of visiting time should be considered.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2011

Ceramium riosmenae sp. nov. is described from Baja California Sur, Mexico based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is characterized by erect thalli only, penetrating rhizoids on Gracilaria, 7-8 periaxial cells, five cortical initials per periaxial cell, complete cortication throughout, an average of 11-12 segments between branching points, rare adventitious branchlets, and cruciate tetrasporangia. Although C. riosmenae sp. nov. is similar to C. interruptum, C. sinicola, and C. codicola reported from Baja California Sur, Mexico in size and habit, it differs from these species in the number of cortical initials, habit, degree of cortication, host, and the shape of rhizoidal tips. C. riosmenae is separated from C. interruptum with interrupted cortication and four cortical initials from C. sinicola with spins near the apex and incomplete cortication near the base and from C. codicola with bulbous rhizoids on Codium. Our rbcL sequences reveal sufficient sequence divergence (2.4-3.9%) between C. riosmenae and C. interruptum, C. sinicola, and C. codicola to warrant species recognition and to separate C. riosmenae from these species on a phylogenetic tree.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

A large number of parameters have been defined in order to describe and to evaluate the acoustical propeTies in rooms. Reverberation time is an impoTant characteristic of conceT halls, theaters and studios, etc. Over the years, a number of different methods for measuring the reverberation time have been developed, the most common being: the interrupted noise method, the integrated impulse response method, and the method of recording the room response to an impulsive source. However, the reverberation time can be changed by the measurement method, sound source and microphone. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately measure the reverberation time in a room. In this paper, it will be analyzed the interpretation method of the reverberation time and discussed the limitations.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.501-506
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• 2001

The creep crack growth properties in 3.5NiCrMoV steel were investigated at $550^{\circ}C$ by using CT specimen under constant $C_t$ condition that was held during crack growth of 1mm distance. $C_t$ lely on load line displacement rate and $C^*$ usually increase with crack length though load is reduced in order to maintain constant $C_t$ value as crack growth. Fully coalesced area(FCA) ahead of crack tip tend to increase as $C_t$ increase to the critical value, and after that value FCA decrease. For the tertiary creep stage of crack growth test, the most of displacement is due to the steady state creep, except only small part due to the primary creep and other effects. Therefore, tests were mainly interrupted in the tertiary stage to obtain high value of $C_t$. At constant load and $C_t$ region, crack growth slope was 0.900 and 0.844 each, on the other hand $C^*$ slope was 0.480.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.453-457
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• 2017

The proximate, fatty acid and dimethyl acetal (DMA) composition, and mineral and total amino acid content of limpets Cellana spp. were studied. Limpets contained 17.6% protein, 1.82% lipids, and 1.28% ash. The most prominent fatty acids in limpets were 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 18:1n-9, 16:0, 18:0, and 22:2 nonmethylene-interrupted diene (7,13). Limpets contained significant amounts of 18:0DMA (7.79%) and 20:0DMA (2.45%) derived from plasmalogen. They also contained large amounts of calcium (192.4 mg/100 g) and iron (9.4 mg/100 g), which are components of limpet teeth. The most prominent total amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine. These results suggest that limpets are a good source of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, plasmalogen, calcium iron, and arginine.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.35-44
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• 1999

The performance of interrupted cutting operations like milling is consideraly affected by cuter runout. In this study, cutter runout is selected as an important machining parameter for evaluation of machinability in ball-end milling and caused from misalignments of tool and holder, unbalanced mass of parts and tool deflection under machining. To evaluate the machinability due to cutter runout, the rotating accuracy of spindle, cutting force and surface roughness are measured. The rotating characteristics of spindle in each revolution speed were investigated by cutter runout in freeload. The predicted surface form of workpiece by measuring cutter runout data was compared with real surfaces. The results show that measuring runout with high response gap sensor is useful for studying the phenomenon of high-speed machining and the monitor surface form using in-process runout measurements in ball-end milling is possible.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.296-303
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• 2001

Kachanov-Rabotnov(K-R) creep damage theory was reviewed, and applied to design a creep curve for type 316LN stainless steel. Seven coefficients used in the theory, i.e., A, B, k, m, λ, r, and q were determined, and their physical meanings were analyzed clearly. In order to quantify a damage parameter ($\omega$), cavity amount was measured in the crept specimen taken from interrupted creep test with time variation, and then the amount was reflected into K-R damage equations. Coefficient λ, which is regarded as a creep tolerance feature of a material, increased with creep strain. Mater curve with λ=2.8 was well coincided with an experimental one to the full lifetime. The relationship between damage parameter and life fraction was matched with the theory at exponent ${\gamma}$=24 value. It is concluded that K-R damage equation was reliable as the modelling equation for type 316LN stainless steel. Coefficient data obtained from type 316LN stainless steel can be utilized for life prediction of operating material.