• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.208-215
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data of a dummy design for more suitable ready made clothing by making a pattern of somatic types and analyzing their morphological characteristics in accordance with different pattern of somatic types. The side view silhouettes of 90 junior high school girls of age $13\~16$ in seoul urban area were measured by means of the plan photographing and the low data were examined by principal component analysis, while the principal component analysis was applied and three components were extracted and then interpreted to explain to variation of the form of the body. Using three components respectively the cluster analysis was carried out and the subject classified into 4 cluster The following outcomes are obtained. . The results of principal component analysis of this study would be turned out the three; 1) The first principal component shows the degree of erectness or stoop of the figure. 2) The second principal component was a stature length or a growth rate. 3) The third principal component was the obesity component. 2. The results of cluster analysis by using three principal component analysis would be turned out the four cluser; 1) Cluster 1 ($29\%$ of the total) is characterized with lower stature. 2) Cluster 2 ($21\%$ of the total) is characterized with backward somatotype, and the highest leg. 3) Cluster 3 ($23\%$ of the total) is thicked back of neck. 4) Cluster 4 ($27\%$ of the total) is characterized with forward somatotype, and highest stature, height.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.184-196
• /
• 2008

호주 Victoria주 Bendigo 북부 지역에서 심부 지질 구조를 조사하기 위하여 MT 탐사를 수행하였다. 이 탐사의 주 목적은 이 지역에 발달한 단층대의 연장 상황을 파악하는데 일차적으로 그 목적이 있다. 총 11일에 걸쳐 71개의 측점에서 MT시계열을 획득하였으며 이와 동시에 원거리기준점에서도 자료를 획득하여 자료 처리 및 해석의 신뢰도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 획득된 자료는 임피던스 추출, 원거리기준점 자기장을 이용한 로버스트 자료처리 등을 거쳐 임피던스를 추출하였으며, 3차원 역산 알고리듬을 이용하여 최종적으로 전기비저항 영상을 획득하였다. 이러한 MT 탐사 결과를 이 지역에 대한 지질 자료 및 동일한 측선에서의 탄성파 반사법 자료와 비교한 결과 상호 부합함을 알 수 있었으며 이 지역에 발달된 단층대의 연장 상황을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 복식
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.120-136
• /
• 2012

This thesis takes an aim to investigate the relationship between the costume and enlightenment ideology by studying the change of costume, and reviewing the portraiture of Queen Marie Antoinette. The method of this research is to select the 29 pieces among the portraitures from 1770 to 1793, and to analyze the headdress, shape of robes and ornaments. The results are as follows. The first period(1770-1774): The costume in this period of Dauphin of France is described as vivid, and simple like her characters, and also represents her active lifestyle. The ideology of equality between the two sexes from the enlightenment slightly influence the costumes seen inside the portrait of Dauphin. The second period (1775-1779): This is the early period of the Queen's enthronement and also before her childbirth. The relatively small number of portraits showed her as an authoritative figure because her skirts were expanded with huge panier, the waist were tightened with corset, and her headdress was enlarged. Thus, this period could not be defined as the one of enlightenment philosophies in light of the persistent unsanitary construction of costumes distorting the body. The third period(1780-1789): There are many portraits depicting the Queen and her children. It is noteworthy that the English style picturesque garden was illustrated as a background while the costume was simple and sanitary, both being affected by the enlightenment. The last period(1789-1793): This is the period between the French revolution and the death of the Queen. The form of costumes was transformed into the neoclassic style, headdress was reduced in size, and was simplified as a result of complete change of costume for the enlightenment. This research is to be interpreted as a tool of study about the relationship of costume, society and ideological streams and also be a means of elucidating the contemporary times in view of the past ones.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.127-151
• /
• 2021

The core tenets of Daesoon Jinrihoe in Jeungsanism are encapsulated in the teachings of Eumyang-hapdeok (陰陽合德, Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang), Shinin-johwa (神人調化, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings), Haewon-sangsaeng (解寃相生, Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence) and Dotongjingyeong (道通眞境, Perfected Unification with Dao). Among them, the first three teachings eventually turn towards the prophetic thought of Dotong-jingyeong, which is the process of man becoming a divine figure. While these principles are considered crucial advice for overcoming an unstable life, there are many curious questions that help for better comprehension. What is the reality of Jin-gyeong (眞境) for their followers? How can one reach the ultimate stage under this belief system? Is this ideological concept different from similar perspectives of other major religions? How is this concept related to the idea of Jisang-cheonguk (地上天國, earthly paradise)? This paper analyses these issues of Jin-gyeong from the historical and social narratives of Haengnok (行錄, Acts), Gongsa (公事, Reordering Works), Gyoun (敎運, Progress of the Order), Gyobeop (敎法, Dharma), Gwonji (權智, Authority and Foreknowledge) and Yesi (豫示, Prophetic Elucidations) in The canonical scripture of Jeon-gyeong and also from the ontological approaches of East Asian faiths in order to identify alternative notions of Daesoon cosmology. The paper, based on the sayings of Kang Jeungsan, particularly his philosophy of the Later World, argues the insight that the Jin-gyeong world can be interpreted as created through the Cheonji-gongsa (天地公事, Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth) project in terms of Gaebyeok (開闢, Great Opening) and the earthly paradise as open only for those who achieve the condition of Sin-ingan (新人間, literally means 'new humans' but symbolizing 'being a human-god') by the personal cultivation of Dotong (道通, the unity with Dao).

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2003

20세기 초 영, 독일의 미술과 공예협회인 독일 베르크분트(Deutcher Werkbund)로부터 산업제품을 위한 디자인 표준화의 제기와 기능주의의 새로운 미를 적용하려는 노력은 시작되었다. 같은 맥락에서 1919년 독일의 바우하우스(Bauhaus)에 의해 굿디자인은 기술과 예술의 혼합에 의해 이루어진다는 현대적 개념의 디자인이 그 뒤를 이었다. 1950-1955년, 뉴욕 MOMA(Museum of Modem Art)에 의해 행해진 소비자 교육프로그램인 굿디자인(Good Design) 전시회에 의해 그 용어는 현대적으로 사용되었으며, 굿디자인의 임무는 모던디자인을 일반대중에게 인식시키는 것이었다. 20세기 후반 이후 많은 전문가들은 각기 독특한 입장에서 굿디자인을 다양하게 정의하기 시작하였다. 그 정의는 디자이너, 기술자, 생산자, 비즈니스맨, 소비자들에게 이르기까지 각 영역의 특성에 맞게 해석되어 적용될 수 있었기 때문이었다. 디자인 학자인 람스(Rams)와 노만(Norman)은 물리적, 심리적인 관점으로부터 굿디자인을 해석하고 있으며, 기능, 미, 테크놀로지, 등에 관련해 구체적으로 굿디자인의 표준과 올바른 접근방향을 언급하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 굿디자인의 역사적 고찰과 정의 및 람스와 노만의 주장을 비교와 분석을 통해 굿디자인의 세부적인 기준과 정의의 관계를 정립하였으며, 최종적으로 그들이 주장하는 물리적, 심리적으로 접근한 사용자 중심의 디자인이 굿디자인임을 찾고자 하였다.

• 조형예술학연구
• /
• 제6권
• /
• pp.119-139
• /
• 2004

The intention of the research is to look into the form reflecting the spiritual image due to Oriental aesthetic from a realistic point of view. In this regard, I will pay attention to examining the process from figurative perspectives, in which painting image by subject acquires the beauty of form. Of the main subjection this paper, figure is an image itself appearing in painting. At this point, I will attempt to show how the meaning and value of image have been interpreted and judged on the aesthetic standard in Oriental painting in particular. For this process, I generalize the conception of the image as 'figure' and through this I will reconsider the standard of understanding and the value of perception regarding painting images on the method which are more applicable to the expressions of Oriental painting. The reason why I try to find out the true nature of images in Oriental painting from a figurative viewpoint is to convert a conventional sense of value which recognizes the images of Oriental painting only as results of idealism, into more practical field. If the true nature of Oriental painting is fixed and restricted to natures of idealism, any productive development and any changes in form for future couldn't be expected at all. In fact, what the ideological and aesthetic values of art suggest is clearly a proof of real art form. However, it is not a hard thing to prospect that only a superficial idealism will be ceaselessly produced, while the practical study about aesthetic values, meaningful results of painting expressions, is totally ignored, if ideology itself is used as criteria to judge the identity of it or if only the idealistic aesthetic values are emphasized while any clue to show a real existence of oriental paintings is not certain. Actually, nobody can deny the fact that interests about real natures regarding art expressions have been relatively ignored while armed with mental ideology for esthetic view of oriental painting in traditionalism Therefore, it is clear that 'spiritual status' itself can generate any form. Traditionally, in the Orient, the standard of judging a real value of things, which put a focus on a spiritual view of value rather than on a materialistic view of it, has been vaguely positioned the identity of images in painting As a result, the aesthetic convention has finally committed to an error that for images of oriental painting, ideological criteria like so called spiritualism are applied as a judging way, and esthetic meanings and values of real painting are considered as strategic results and spiritual intentions.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to understand melanin with both Korean and Western medicine.Methods : We investigated the comprehension of melanin in both western and Korean medicine through literature review and studied relationships between melanin and five viscera(五臟), especially liver(肝), spleen(脾), kidney(腎). We Also studied representative pigmentary disorders(melasma, vitiligo) in western and Korean medicine to figure out how to understand pigmentary disorders in oriental medicine.Results : The results are as follows. 1. Melanin is associate with liver, because free coursing(疎泄) function of liver is the origin of transport melanin to keratinocyte from melanocyte. Also, melanogenesis factors like MITF and CREB are closely associated with liver and pigmentary disorders occur frequently after stress conditions or women. 2. Melanin is absorbed and scattered in keratinocytes by the function of spleen. Pigmentary disorders result from failure of spleen and formation of phlegm-retained fluid(痰飮). 3. Kidney essence(腎精) is the origin of melanin formation. In addition, corticosteroid, the major hormone of melanogenesis is secreted by adrenalin and adrenalin belongs to kidney(腎) in Korean medicine. 4. Melasma is created by disorder of melanin transport and absorbtion, so melasma is associated liver (肝) and spleen(脾). Therefore the treatment for melasma may focus on improvement function of liver and spleen. 5. The destruction of melanocyte or abnormal melanogenesis by disorder of the immune system, metabolic and affective disorders can make vitiligo, so vitiligo is associated with liver and kidney which are major part of melanin formation. Therefore the treatment of vitiligo can focus on improvement function of liver(肝) and kidney(腎).Conclusion : We compared Korean and western medicine to understand melanin. We also interpreted the mechanism of melanin and pigmantary disorders in western medicine and considered the relationship with visceral manifestation theory(臟象論) in traditional Korean medicine. Further studies are needed to apply comprehension of melanin to clinical stage.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This article tackles risk communication issues and aims to address the characteristics of MERS risk information distribution in South Korea, and secondly to examine the communicative behavior of the public health authority in terms of the quality of communication strategies. Thirdly, the study attempts to figure out the risk communication to cope with MERS through the applications of SMCRE model in chronological order. We employ the social amplification of risk framework for analyzing the emergent public response as one of the main approaches. Research Design, Data and Methodology - The main framework of this study is theoretically based on the social amplification of risk, which describes signals about risk transmitted and processed by individuals and social groups. The model also reflects the interactions between social groups and institutes about disaster-related risk issues, which are potential amplifiers or attenuators of communication signals. S-M-C-R-E Model is methodologically employed to examine the social amplification for MERS risk information in each period, which we defined operationally. The proposed methodology allows the assessment of effectiveness and ineffectiveness on risk communication to be conceptualized as a countermeasure against disasters. The paper focuses on exploring how social risk amplification can be applied and organized in each stage. Results - The SMCRE model describes the exchange of risk information and is also applied to all forms of communication between stakeholders including public health authority, local government and media. Each factor of risk communication includes source, message, channel, receiver and effect. The results support that the effective risk communication involves not only the improved reliability of public health authority as a key factor of risk communication, but also a close cooperation and good collaboration with local governments. It does not seem to be possible that the government-initiated risk communication based on controllability and management cope effectively with infectious disease in early stage. The results of this study imply that the shared risks between local, regional and national authorities can enhance risk communication system. Conclusions - The study supports that the disparities in how disaster-related risk information is interpreted and coded, have made effective risk communication and public sense-making impeded. Our findings support a more communicative discussion about the role of risk information sharing between governments for the improvement of emergency management and underline the importance of social elements in the risk communication, such as relationship and trust building. Findings suggest that trust building between stakeholders could be added to help explain the processes of social amplification and attenuation of risk. It would be recommended that the continuous risk communication with all the involved stakeholders will be able to help national health promotion policy to be improved regarding emergency management. Furthermore, risk communication has to be a scientific approach for the communication pertaining to potentially sensitive or controversial situations with public concerns and low public trust.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.52-78
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 근대기 한국 불교미술의 주요 인물인 석하시찬(石霞施讚, 1893~1958)의 조각 예술을 분석하여 그의 작품이 한국 불교미술사에서 차지하는 위상과 기여를 재조명하였다. 시찬은 스승 완호낙현(玩虎洛現)으로부터 받은 전통적 조형 기법을 바탕으로 독창적인 양식을 개발하여 근대기 한국 불교미술의 경계를 확장하였다. 시찬의 작품 특징과 조형적 변화를 중심으로 그의 예술적 발전 과정을 규명하였다. 시찬의 초기 작품은 석굴암 본존불을 모델로 한 작품과 스승 완호낙현(玩虎洛現)의 영향이 짙게 드러나는 소형 조각들로 구성되어 있다. 후기 작품에서는 육중한 괴량감이 느껴지는 조형감, 작품의 대형화, 자세의 직립화, 불상과 대좌의 일체화, 그리고 옷주름의 장식화 등의 특징이 두드러진다. 이러한 변화는 시찬이 사회적 변화에 대응하며 자신의 내면적 성찰과 예술적 탐구를 작품에 반영한 결과로 해석된다. 본 연구는 문헌 조사와 새롭게 발견된 시찬의 작품을 통해 스승 완호낙현(玩虎洛現)의 영향, 퇴운원일(退雲圓日)과의 협업, 후원자 김지성화(金至誠華)와의 교류, 계승자 금춘성필(金春性必)과의 사승 관계 등을 밝혀냈다. 시찬의 작품과 그의 예술적 변화 과정은 근대기 한국 불교조각사의 중요한 이정표로, 전통과 근대적 감각을 융합한 독창적인 조형성을 보여준다. 본 연구는 시찬의 예술적 유산이 후대에 어떻게 계승되고 발전했는지를 보여주며, 한국 근대 불교조각사 연구에 중요한 자료를 제공한다.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권43호
• /
• pp.29-55
• /
• 2018

Arctic sea ice has been retreating as a result of the global warming. Arctic sea ice extent for April 2018 averaged 13.71 million square kilometers. This figure shows far less sea ice compared to the average extent from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, 287 times of maritime transits through the Northwest Passage have been made during the 2017 and the first ship traversed the Northern Sea Route without the assistant of ice-breaker in August 2017. Commercialization of the Arctic Passage means significant economic and strategic advantages by shortening the distance. In this article, 'Arctic Passage' means Northern Sea Route along the Arctic coast of Russia and Northwest Passage crossing Canadian Arctic Ocean. As climate changes, the potential feasibility of the Arctic Passage has been drawing international attention. Since navigation in this area remains hazardous in some aspects, IMO adopted Polar Code to promote safe, secure and sustainable shipping through the Arctic Passage. Futhermore, Russia and Canada regulate foreign vessels over the maritime zones with the authority to unilaterally exercise jurisdiction pursuant to the Article 234 of UNCLOS. The dispute over the navigation regime of the arctic passage materialized with Russia proclaimed Dmitrii Laptev and Sannikov Straits as historically belong to U.S.S.R. in the mid 1960s and Canada declared that the waters of the passage are historic internal waters in 1973 for the first time. So as to support their claims, In 1985, Russia and Canada established straight baseline including Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage. The United States has consistently protested that the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage are straits used for international navigation which are subject to the regime of transit passage. Firstly, it seems that Russia and Canada do not meet the basic requirements for acquiring a historic title. Secondly, since the Law of the Sea had adopted before the establishment of straight baseline over the Russian Arctic Archipelago and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Ships can exercise at least the right of innocent passage. Lastly, Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage have fulfilled the both geographical and functional criteria pertaining to the strait used for international navigation under the international law. Especially, should the arctic passage become commercially viable, it can be expected to accumulate the functional criterion. Russia and Canada regulate the ships navigate in their maritime zones by adopting the higher degree of an environmental standard than generally accepted international rules and standard mainly under the Article 234 of UNCLOS. However, the Article 234 must be interpreted restrictively as this contains constraint on the freedom of navigation. Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the Article 234 is limited only to the EEZ of coastal states. Therefore, ships navigating in the Arctic Passage with the legal status of the territorial sea and the international straits under the law of the sea have the right of innocent passage and transit passage as usual.