• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2001

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on the vegetative growth in a mature stand of Korean white pine based on climatic estimates. For this, the annual increments of stand variables such as DBH, height, basal area and volume were measured and estimated for seven years from 1974 to 1980. The local climatic conditions in the study site were also estimated by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. The local climatic conditions were then correlated with and regressed on the growth factors to reveal the relationships between the climatic estimates and the growth. It is found that relatively high temperatures had positive effects on the diameter growth. The yearly diameter growth increased when each of mean, maximum, and minimum temperature during the growing season was high. Height growth showed positively significant correlation with three climatic variables. The most important variable influencing height growth was the average of maximum temperature for 10 months from January to October. It means that the higher the average of maximum temperature for 10 months from January to October is, the more height growth of Korean white pine increases. Other climatic variables related to height growth were average of minimum temperature for 3 months in the early growing season and mean relative humidity for the growing season. Six climatic variables related to temperature had effects on basal area increment and all of them were positively correlated with basal area increment. Especially, temperatures from January to March were important factors affecting the basal area increment. In volume increment, high correlation was also recognized with most of temperature variables. This tendency was the same as the results in diameter and hight increments. This means that the volume growth increases when temperatures during the growing season are relatively high.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

This study was conducted to delineate temporal and spatial patterns of potential risk of cold injury by combining the short-term cold hardiness of Campbell Early grapevine and the IPCC projected climate winter season minimum temperature at a landscape scale. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270m cell spacing ("High Definition Digital Temperature Map", HD-DTM) were prepared for the current climatological normal year (1971-2000) based on observations at the 56 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) stations using a geospatial interpolation scheme for correcting land surface effects (e.g., land use, topography, and elevation). The same procedure was applied to the official temperature projection dataset covering South Korea (under the auspices of the IPCC-SRES A2 and A1B scenarios) for 2071-2100. The dormancy depth model was run with the gridded datasets to estimate the geographical pattern of any changes in the short-term cold hardiness of Campbell Early across South Korea for the current and future normal years (1971-2000 and 2071-2100). We combined this result with the projected mean annual minimum temperature for each period to obtain the potential risk of cold injury. Results showed that both the land areas with the normal cold-hardiness (-150 and below for dormancy depth) and those with the sub-threshold temperature for freezing damage ($-15^{\circ}C$ and below) will decrease in 2071-2100, reducing the freezing risk. Although more land area will encounter less risk in the future, the land area with higher risk (>70%) will expand from 14% at the current normal year to 23 (A1B) ${\sim}5%$ (A2) in the future. Our method can be applied to other deciduous fruit trees for delineating geographical shift of cold-hardiness zone under the projected climate change in the future, thereby providing valuable information for adaptation strategy in fruit industry.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.117-132
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• 2005

It was to study a following research of "A Kinematic Analysis of Air-rolling-breakfall in Judo". The purpose of this study was to analyze the Center of Gravity(COG) variables when performing Air-rolling-breakfall motion, while passing forward over(PFO) to the vertical-hurdles(2m height, take off board 1m height) in judo. Subjects were four males of Y. University squad, who were trainees of the demonstration exhibition team, representatives of national level judoists and were filmed by four 5-VHS 16mm video cameras(60field/sec.) through the three dimensional film analysis methods.COG variable were anterior-posterior directional COG and linear velocity of COG, vertical directional COG and linear velocity of COG. The data collections of this study were digitized by KWON3D program computed The data were standardized using cubic spline interpolation based by calculating the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing the Air-rolling-breakfall, from the data analysis and discussions, the conclusions were as follows : 1. Anterior-posterior directional COG(APD-COG) when performing Air-rolling-breakfall motion, while PFO over to the vertical-hurdles(2m height) in judo. The range of APD-COG by forward was $0.31{\sim}0.41m$ in take-off position(event 1), $1.20{\sim}1.33m$ in the air-top position(event 2), $2.12{\sim}2.30m$ in the touch-down position(event 3), gradually and $2.14{\sim}2.32m$ in safety breakfall position(event 4), respectively. 2 The linear velocity of APD-COG was $1.03{\sim}2.14m/sec$. in take-off position(event 1), $1.97{\sim}2.22m/sec$. gradually in the air-top position(event 2), $1.05{\sim}1.32m/sec$. in the touch-down position (event 3), gradual decrease and $0.91{\sim}1.23m/sec$. in the safety breakfall position(event 4), respectively. 3. The vertical directional COG(VD-COG) when performing Air-rolling-breakfall motion, while PFO to the vertical-hurdles(2m height) in judo. The range of VD-COG toward upward from mat was $1.35{\sim}1.46m$ in take-off position(event 1), the highest $2.07{\sim}2.23m$ in the air-top position(event 2), and after rapid decrease $0.3{\sim}0.58m$ in the touch-down position(event 3), gradual decrease $0.22{\sim}0.50m$ in safety breakfall position(event 4), respectively. 4. The linear velocity of VlJ.COG was $1.60{\sim}1.87m/sec$. in take-off position(event 1), $0.03{\sim}0.08m/sec$. gradually in the air-top position(event 2), $-4.37{\sim}\;-4.76m/sec$. gradual decrease in the touch-down position(event 3), gradual decrease and -4.40${\sim}\;-4.77m/sec$. in safety breakfall position(event 4), respectively. When performing Air-rolling-breakfall showed parabolic movement from take-off position to air-top position, and after showed vertical fall movement from air-top position to safety breakfall. In conclusion, Ukemi(breakfall) is safety fall method Therefore, actions need for performing safety fall movement, that decrease and minimize shock and impact during Air-rolling-breakfall from take-off board action to air-top position must be maximize of angular momentum, and after must be minimize in touch-down position and safety breakfall position.