• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.223-245
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• 2017

This study is examined interaction between carbon market with stock market using a multivariate GARCH(DCC) model. Carbon market is EU ETS EUA price, stock market is the iron and cement stock price which has relatively energy intensive and massive carbon emissions sector in the industrial sector. It also analyzed changes in the correlation between the markets through an analysis of correlation coefficients. Moreover, it checked whether there was marketability expansion(or expansion of carbon emissions reduction) through the analysis above. As a result of empirical tests, it showed that the price spillover effect was insignificant. In addition, it represented that there was a weak correlation between the two markets since the volatility spillover effect disappeared in the second phase by an external shock(a financial crisis). Moreover, it was revealed that there were no significant changes although there was a weak upward trend in terms of the correlation between the carbon market and the stock market. This implies that emission rights could not expand marketability to financial market as a commodity(or did not play its natural role of the reduction of carbon emission).

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.54
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• pp.345-382
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• 2018

Sports events are not copyrighted and sports organizer's profit from sports events is not subject to intellectual property law in our legislation. Most other countries, except for France, do not also recognize sports organizer's profit as an intellectual property right. For this reason, legal grounds protecting sports organizer's profit must be found from current law such as tort law or Unfair Competition and Trade Secret Protection Act. It is irrefutable that these laws play a significant role in protecting sports organizer's profit by imposing restrictions on taking unfair advantage of others' efforts or investment. Nevertheless, protecting sports organizer's profit through such laws has its limits because sports events and relevant information outside the protection category of intellectual property law are considered as public domain. Therefore, introduction of sports organizer's intellectual property right through legislation will serve to faithfully protect sports organizer's profit. Even countries where spectator sports industry is fully in force actively discuss the issue of introducing sports organizer's intellectual property right. Intellectual property law, like other laws, is keenly subject to international trends due to market globalization and sensitively responds to the trends. I believe that further discussions are highly required about the introduction of sports organizer's intellectual property right that properly reflects international trends.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

The advanced development of the world's economies requires a detailed study of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization, to ensure economic growth and promote the use of information and communication technologies in the digital economy. Digitalization of the world's economies is ensured through the implementation of relevant regulations and policy decisions to implement public policy and strategy of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to establish the pattern of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization of world economies by conducting a regression analysis to reflect the dependence of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization in 25 economies (by IMD digital competitiveness), to check the level of digitalization of the world's economies. It is necessary to analyze the ranking of countries in the world according to the DiGiX Index, IMD, and DESI Digital Competitiveness Rating. Research methods: information synthesis method; regression analysis; systematization, and generalization. Results. It was found that because of regression analysis, the value of the coefficient of determination indicates that the regression model by 78% explains the relationship between future readiness of countries to implement digital technologies and information and communication technologies, but there are still a small number of other factors not included in the regression model. It is determined that the greatest progress among EU member states for the period 2015-2020 according to the DESI index belongs to Ireland, the Netherlands, Malta, and Spain. It is established that Estonia, Spain, and Denmark are in the lead in the DESI rating, in terms of e-government implementation. The study found that the impact of factors on the level of digitalization of world economies contributes to solving current economic problems through further implementation of information and communication technologies and improving legislation in the digital economy, which will ensure the implementation of effective digital policy. It is established that ensuring the appropriate level of digitalization of the world's economies should solve the problems in the digital economy sector faced by governments and businesses, which requires the implementation of measures to regulate and ensure the continued operation of the digital economy.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

Social media users are an important part of our lives as they spend a lot of time and actively use them. However, it is known that there are many users who feel the psychological stress of SNS stress or fall into addiction due to SNS use. SNS stress negatively affects not only the user's mind but also the body. This study investigates the associations between SNS stress and addiction. To test the hypotheses, the study performed structural equation modeling using Amos. We collected 210 data from SNS users. The empirical results showed that SNS overuse had a significant effect on SNS stress. Second, SNS stress had a significant relationship with SNS addiction. Third, it was found that SNS overuse did not directly affect SNS addiction. This study suggests that it is necessary to recognize the importance of the relationship between SNS addiction and SNS stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.554-562
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• 2022

Humans technological advancements have resulted in the depletion of whale resources. Accordingly, the International Whaling Commission was established to preserve whale resources and ensure the orderly development of the whaling industry. After a commercial whaling moratorium came into effect, the international trade of whale meat and related products was banned. However, There is a systematic activity through illegal remodeling ships because whales incidentally caught may be distributed in Korea and have a significant economic benefit. Although suspected illegal whaling is actively cracked down, but it is still insufficient to prevent illegal whaling and distribution. To prevent this, stereoscopic crackdowns utilizing air forces and patrol ships are effective, and it is necessary to quickly separate the captured ship and crew to prevent the destruction of evidence. For the transparent distribution of whale meat, it is necessary to advance related technologies such as whale species identification and individual identification of forensic science institutions based on whale DNA database of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. Accordingly, the Korea Coast Guard Research Center is directly conducting research on related national R&D project. To increase the efficiency of identifying whale-related evidence at crime scene, a rapid test kit that responds specifically to whale bloodstrains is developing and evidence transport packs are manufacturing and distributing, while identification technologies are also being advanced.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown promise in various applications, including molecular separation, dye separation, gas separation, filtration, and desalination. Integrating COFs into membranes enhances permeability, selectivity, and stability, improving separation processes. Combining COFs with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) creates nanocomposite membranes with high permeability and stability, ideal for dye separation. Incorporating COFs into polyamide (PA) membranes improves permeability and selectivity through a synthetic interfacial strategy. Three-dimensional COF fillers in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) enhance CO₂/CH₄ separation, making them suitable for biogas upgrading. All-nanoporous composite (ANC) membranes, which combine COFs and metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes, overcome permeance-selectivity trade-offs, significantly improving gas permeance. Computational simulations using hypothetical COFs (hypoCOFs) demonstrate superior CO₂ selectivity and working capacity relevant for CO₂ separation and H₂ purification. COFs integrated into thin-film composite (TFC) and polysulfonamide (PSA) membranes enhance rejection performance for organic contaminants, salt contaminants, and heavy metal ions, improving separation capabilities. TpPa-SO₃H/PAN covalent organic framework membranes (COFMs) exhibited superior desalination performance compared to traditional polyamide membranes by utilizing charged groups to enable efficient desalination through electrostatic repulsion, suggesting their potential for ionic and molecular separations. These findings highlight COFs' potential in membrane technology for enhanced separation processes by improving permeability, selectivity, and stability. In this review, COF applied for the separation process is discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2008

With the growth of airline management, as well as computer and IT security, the international trade in this modern society has been rapidly increasing, Along with the advancing, airplanes have become a universal means of communication. However, the complications associated with airplane safety have also been brought up as a result, the most concerning of which is terrorism. One of the main counterplans for preventing terrorism is Ground security activities the core of Ground security activities is absolute safety for passengers in both passenger terminal and freight terminal. Subastral security refers to physical protection, proximity control and 100% security search and freight guarding of the passengers' possessions, and the personnel's duties to perform such jobs are be! coming more crucial. On the other hand, Airport security check has bee n gradually developing since the 1960's, when hijacking began to take place. Although the airports have been providing more safe and comfortable services to their customers, terrorism is still happening today. When Ground security activities is minute, the users feel displeasure and discomfort, yet considering solely their convenience can brings problems in achieving safety. Since the 9.11 terror in 2001, the idea of improving and strengthening airport security was reinforced and a considerable amount of estate is being spent today for invention and application of new technology. Various nations, including the United States, have been improving their systems of security through public services; public police department is actively carrying out their duties in airports as well. In San Francisco International Airport, private police department is in charge of collection of data, national events, VIP protection, law enforcement, cooperation within facilities, daily-based patrol and traffic control. Under guidance and supervision of national organizations, such as TSA, general police department interprets X-Rays, operates metal detectors, checks passports or IDs and observes reactions to explosives. Under these circumstances, studies about advancement of cooperation and duties of general police department and private police department necessitated: especially about private police department and their training for searching equipments, decrease in number of turn over rate, invention of technology and prior settlement in estate for security. The privacy of the public, who make up the major population of airport passengers, must also be minimized. In the following research, the activities of police departments in San Francisco International Airport will be analyzed in order to understand recent actions of the United States on airport security.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.217-244
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• 2018

As Chinese insurance market grows rapidly due to market reforms, China got recognition as second-largest insurance market in the world in 2016. However Korean insurance companies have had difficulties to grow in Chinese insurance market despite Chinese participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the growth of chinese insurance market. The reason for the decline in Korean insurance companies is economic retaliation due to the deployment of THAAD in Korea. However, this is not a fundamental reason. The underlying cause of the effects of economic retaliation is the result of insufficient negotiations in Korea-China FTA services sector. In Service sector of Korea-China FTA, the level of concession between Korea and China differs greatly, when comparing China and South Korea's FTA. In addition, it has only been a few years since China collected the position of the WTO Doha Agenda, which currently deals with concessions on intellectual property rights and services. More important is that the Korea-China FTA service sector, as it stopped short of being protected by the most-favored-nation state treatment level when Korean insurance companies entered China. Further negotiations to supplement the weak points in the Korea-China FTA service sector were promised in December 2017, but international tensions over THAAD deployment made it impossible to hold such negotiations. However, due to changes in international affairs in 2018, the first additional negotiation was decided and held. This paper implicates strategies of further negotiation between Korea and China for service and investment chapter. Consequently, the aim of this paper suggests directions how to re-enter Chinese insurance market to Korean insurance companies.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.163-191
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• 2017

This article aims to review the recent, especially focusing on the year of 2016, situations and prospects of the Vietnamese politics, economy, and international relations. Politically, Vietnam completed the election of members for the National Assembly and organized new leadership at the 12th National Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party in 2016. One characteristic of the new leadership is that the politicians, especially the members of politburo, from the North continue to occupy the position of majority. The other one is that the new leadership promised to carry out the restructuring of economy toward industries producing higher value-added commodities even though Vietnam industries admittedly need to accelerate present industrialization and modernization as a developing country under the seemingly contradictory slogan of "the development of market economy for socialism." The declared goals of the new leadership in Vietnam are inevitable in a sense since the development of Vietnamese economy has been heavily dependent upon Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) taking advantage of Vietnamese cheap labor and simultaneously it is evident that its future is unsecure if it maintains status quo. In fact, the Vietnamese economy has impressively showed high growth rate by the help of foreign capitals since 1990s despite the repetitive recessions of global economy but its growth is not likely to be sustainable anymore if it will not reduce foreign dependency and social economic inequality in a long term. In a short run, global economic recession, the financial and monetary policies of global powers, and recent protectionism and uncertainty of trade agreements will be three crucial variables to affect Vietnamese economy. In terms of international relations, Vietnam is continuously expected to practise the policy of checks and balances among the powerful countries. Vietnam has seriously disputed with China on islands sovereignty in the South China Sea and attempted to maintain close relationship with other powerful countries including especially America. However, mainly due to the new protectionism by the regime of American president Donald Trump, the Vietnamese government also need to keep close relationship with China increasingly for both economic and diplomatic security. Under the circumstances, Vietnam is expected to maintain more practical and balanced international relations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.77-91
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• 2015

This study aims to suggest adequate soil management through the analysis of physicochemical properties of soil in the planting grounds of Incheon International Airport, which was constructed on a massive land reclamation site. Study areas were 5 sites at the international business complex, the passenger terminal, the airport support complex, the free trade zone, and the access road. Soil profile analysis showed that 9 plots out of the 27 plots were hardpan and heterospere within 80cm from the soil surface. The earth laid on the ground was categorized as gravel based soil(4 plots), dredged soil from the sea bottom and mixed reclamation materials(2 plots), clay with poor permeability(3 plots) and waste construction material(1 plot). Average soil hardness was $11.5kg/cm^2$ and soil textures were sandy soil, sandy loam and loamy sand. Average soil pH was 6.7 and average organic matter content was 0.7%. Electrical conductivity was 0.0dS/m and exchangeable cation concentrations were $Ca^{2+}$ 3.4cmol/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 1.5cmol/kg, $K^+$ 0.3cmol/kg and $Na^+$ 1.0cmol/kg. Average cation exchange capacity was 11.0cmol/kg. Although average figures in Solum mostly meet the landscape design criteria, properties of each soil layer showed various values sometimes over the limit. Base saturations were $Ca^{2+}$ 29.9%, $Mg^{2+}$ 13.3% and $K^+$ 3.7% for lower soil, $Ca^{2+}$ 33.3%, $Mg^{2+}$ 17.0% and $K^+$ 2.7% for mid-soil and $Ca^{2+}$ 32.6%, $Mg^{2+}$ 12.2% and $K^+$ 1.9% for upper soil. Exchangeable sodium percentages were 16.4% for lower soil, 7.5% for mid-soil and 4.7% upper soil. Sodium adsorption rates were 0.8 for lower soil, 0.3 for mid-soil and 0.2 for upper soil. Factors affecting to the vegetation growth were heterogeneity and poorness of solum, disturbance of dredged soils, high soil hardness including hardpan in the subsurface soil layer and shallow effective soil depth, high soil acidity, imbalance of base contents, low organic matter content and low available phosphate levels in the soil.