• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 2019

건설 방수재로 사용되는 고무아스팔트 씰재에 대한 한국 및 중국의 공동 품질관리 규정 제정을 위해 양국의 재료 및 품질기준 현황을 조사하고, 향후 방향을 제시한 연구다. 고무아스팔트 씰재에 대한 한중 무역교류가 추진되고 있 있으나, 국가 간에 제시된 품질기준이 달라 제품에 대한 품질 검증의 어려움이 있고, 이를 해소하기 위해 양국의 현황을 파악하여 공동 품질관리 규정 제정의 필요성을 제시하였다 .한국과 중국의 고무아스팔트 씰재에 대한 구성 재료 비교, 품질관리 기준(성능평가 항목)의 비교 결과, 구성 재료에 있어서 방수 성능을 발현하는 주성분 원료인 "아스팔트와 고무"의 사용 비율에 차이가 있고, 부원료(충전제, 증점제, 접착제 등)의 사용 소재 종류도 다르게 나타났으며, 성능평가 항목에 있어서도 양국의 요구 성능 항목이 크게 다르다는 것을 파악되었다. 이러한 문제을 해소하기 위하여 일반적으로 ISO(국제표준기구 : International Organization for Standardization)에서 제시한 표준 기준을 활용하는 등의 대안이 있으나 고무 아스팔트 씰재에 대한 방수재 ISO 표준은 전무하며, 한중간 무역 교류를 위하여 ISO 규격을 제정하기에는 소모되는 시간이나 비용에 따른 경제적 여건이 불합리한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한중 양국 간에 공동으로 적용할 수 있는 품질규격을 제정하여 상호 무역 교류 시 이를 적용함으로써 제품에 대한 물성파악이 용이한 국제공동규격 제정을 위한 성능평가 요소로써 주요 성능 항목으로 "화학저항성능, 투수저항성능, 온도안정성능, 습윤면 부착성능"을, 부가 성능 항목으로 "균열 거동 대응성능", "점도", "고형분" 등 7가지 항목을 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2007

Objectives : To inform the 5th WHO Informal Consultation meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, held in Osaka, Japan, on September $27{\sim}29$, 2005. Results and Conclusions : Nine experts from Korea, China and Japan discussed the principles of acupuncture points locations and the point locations of 33 controversial acupoints that were not agreed at the previous meeting, as well as 328 non-controversial points that all 3 nations agreed on the locations to confirm the expression of every single point. Through this meeting, the locations of ST30, SP12, LR7 and expressions of LU6, LI8, LI9, LI10, LI 13, SP13, BL60, KI3, GB38, LR11, LR12 were agreed. Furthermore, locations of BL39, GB27, GB28 were confirmed out of 6 non-discussed points. However, several points were still required to held additional meeting to discuss. That includes LI19, LI20, ST36, ST37, ST38, ST39, SI6, KI9, PC8, PC9, TE9, TE17, TE23, GB7, GB30, GV26. In addition, foundation for the international society for the acupuncture point location was proposed to make a regular revision of standard acupuncture point location.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.345-354
• /
• 2005

20세기부터 교통과 산업이 발달함에 따라 국제적인 교류가 더욱 활발해지면서 각국에서 사용하는 픽토그램의 국제표준에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 하지만 근원적으로 서로 다른 배경과 문화를 가진 국가간의 합의를 이루어낸다는 것은 결코 쉬운 일이 아니기 때문에 국제표준화기구에서는 1947년 설립 이래 국제표준(ISO)을 제정하는 기준과 절차에 대한 논의가 끊임없이 되풀이되고 있는 실정이다. 현재 사용하고 있는 ISO 9186이라는 그래픽 심볼의 평가방법은 그 절차가 까다롭고 비용이 많이 드는데 비해 기호를 읽고 해석하는 경험세계의 본질적인 변수를 반영하고 있지 못하기 때문에 점점 회원국의 호응을 잃어가고 있다. 본 연구는 그래픽 기호와 지각메카니즘에 대하여 그 이론적 배경을 살펴보고 네트 문화의 시대를 살고 있는 우리에게 과연 문화적 차이는 존재하는지 디지털 미학의 관점에서 현실세계의 사물이 갖고 있는 리얼리티는 어떻게 해석되는지를 고찰한다. 3장에서는 국제표준화 절차와 기준의 문제점을 분석하고 지각메커니즘에 의한 그래픽기호의 전달과정이론에 바탕을 둔 픽토그램의 국제표준화는 어떻게 이루어져야하는지 또한 반드시 고려되어야할 사항은 무엇인지에 대해서 연구한다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2002

정부와 공공업무에 사용되는 정보의 대부분은 지리정보와 직간접적으로 관련 있으며 따라서, 효율적인 지리정보의 활용과 신뢰성 있는 정보서비스제공을 위해 체계적인 표준의 개발이 가장 근본적이며 시급한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 우리 나라에서도 1995년 이후 추진해 온 국가지리정보체계 구축사업의 일환으로 표준화부분을 수행하고 있으며, 다양한 표준과 지침이 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 단위사업의 필요에 의한 표준개발과 일관된 표준개발 체계의 부재로 인해 상호호환성과 재사용 등을 통한 중복투자 방지의 근본적인 목적달성이 충분히 반영되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국제표준화기구인 ISO(International Organization for Standardization)를 기반으로 하여 캐나다 등에서 이미 추진중인 프로파일(profile)을 통한 선진 외국의 표준화 상황을 분석하고, 국가표준개발과정에 적용하기 위한 구체적인 방법을 제시한다. 이러한 표준화 메카니즘을 도입함으로서 국제표준 및 범용표준에 기반 한 국가표준개발 체계를 확립할 수 있으며, 다양한 표준들을 일관된 체계 하에서 개발하여 궁극적으로는 지리정보 및 서비스에 대한 접근과 상호 운용성을 극대화할 수 있을 것이다.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.781-810
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This paper studied about the integration for management system of representative international standard related to sustainable development. The well-known International standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 (ISO 45001) can be operated in accordance with the organizational situation individually, or in a variety of ways of integration. It can be applied to help organizations utilizing the newly established "ISO IEC Directive Part1 Annex SL", when integrating quality, environmental and safety & health management systems based on international standards. Methods: We conducted an empirical survey of management executives and experts to study how three factors (management systems, organizational capabilities and integration methods) could affect business performance. Results: The questionnaire was analyzed using AMOS structural equation model. Quality, environmental and safety and health management systems affected management performance, and integration methods of management system affected business efficiency, risk performance and financial performance. Integration method is also important because organizational competence affects various aspects of integrated management. However, factors that affect integration should also be considered in terms of organizational capabilities. This is because organizational capacity influences the integration plan. Conclusion: To integrate the document system at the strategic level, management should actively participate in integrated operations to integrate organizations, eliminate duplicate tasks, and foster document integration experts to reflect the characteristics of individual standard. In the case of document integration, quality management is focusing, but once ISO 45001 is issued, the use of Annex SL is increasing, and Quality, environment and safety & health integration will also be expanded. It is possible to increase the effect of integration by strategically approaching and establishing organization document system rather than simple integration according to management system standard arrangement.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Since the end of the 1990s the question of detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators have been rasied, the study of detecting tactile walking surface indicators has been started in Japan, German, and Sweden. Through the study, Japan, German, Sweden, and international's standard was revised. The Korean standard of tactile walking surface indicators was revised in 2013, the remarkable point was missed. Therefore, this study suggested deriving a range of types and dimensions of tactile walking surface indicators reasonable, and presenting the design principles for the development of new tactile walking surface indicators though domestic and international literature review. Method: This study was proceeded by comparison analysis of results from various tactile walking surface indicators' literature review from Japan, German, and Sweden, the most suitable range of types and dimensions was abstracted. Then, the range of types and dimensions was compared to the international standards and international reference standard, the ground rules were confirmed to apply new tactile walking surface indicators design. Results: Rationally, the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be downsized in order to improve detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators. And with same purpose, the ratio of the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be decided. The design of the tactile walking surface indicators in addition to the size and spacing of the protrusions should be to reflect the common elements that have been suggested a number of standard criteria. Implication: In this study, the design principles was derived through test results and theoretical studies, and new tactile walking surface indicators would need to be validated in local user.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.742-756
• /
• 2008

최근 산업분야 제품의 양적, 질적 확대와 더불어 이와 관련된 응용 기술의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그 중의 하나가 산업분야에서 사용되는 소프트웨어라 할 수 있는데, 이러한 소프트웨어는 현재 산업용 장비를 활용하는데 있어 가장 중요시되는 부분이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 산업용 장비를 이용하여 해당 작업을 수행하는데 있어 두뇌역할을 담당하는 소프트웨어는 그것의 품질에 따라 해당 장비의 성능을 나타낸다 할 수 있다. 이러한 시점에서 산업용 장비에 내장되는 소프트웨어의 품질에 대한 평가와 이를 통한 품질향상 의식이 고취되고 있으며 이러한 요구에 따라 관련 연구개발이 국내외적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 품질을 측정, 평가하기 위하여 소프트웨어의 일반적 품질 요구사항을 위한 국제표준인 ISO/IEC 12119, 소프트웨어 품질특성 및 부특성 평가를 위한 국제표준인 ISO9126을 바탕으로 평가 메트릭을 구축하였고, 이의 수행을 위하여 평가모듈의 구성을 위한 국제표준인 ISO/IEC 14598을 바탕으로 산업용 소프트웨어의 정략적인 품질을 측정, 평가하여 품질측정의 결과를 토대로 품질을 인증하는 산업용 소프트웨어 국제표준 적합성 인증 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2020

In order to improve the sustainability and smart construction, it is discussed arguably that developing and applying consistent "standard model" to plan business, design, construct and operate a building is considered to be one of the effective and efficient approach. The scope of this article is to examine, from the international developer's perspective, the "standard model" approach of a hotel brand to building projects in the UK, and also to explore potential role of project team to mitigate any local difference at the project level. These projects are developed by the same developer adopting the same business plan, design and operation to each project. In order to clarify the actual and likely difference in construction results, reference is also made to those building projects located in other geographical markets including Japan, Germany and USA, and focus is given on the analysis of its programme and cost. Principle findings are that there exists geographical difference especially in environmental and planning system, and that major local difference is found at least in the programme at the design stage. In contrast, the difference in the building cost itself may not be necessarily considered major if currency exchange rate being taken into account appropriately. It is also observed that there were cases where any difference in the programme was mitigated by taking different approach to procuring and defining roles of management and professional team at the project level. In conclusion, from the international developer's perspective, the geographical difference of the "construction system" surrounding building projects can typically lead to major prolongation of programme, however, these different construction results could be mitigated at least to a certain extent by introducing appropriate changes to the role of project team.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제12권
• /
• pp.133-162
• /
• 1999

The international sale transaction is in essence a sale of goods and presents all those commercial and legal problems in any sale of goods. As a result, A International sales contract imposes several duties on the parties : the seller must deliver the goods and transfer ownership in them, while the buyer must pay the price and take delivery of the goods. However, there are several problems which impede a active transaction between seller and buyer who have their places of business in other countries each other. Therefore, It is necessary to provide the concept on the conformity of goods in the Int'l Sale of Goods. Especially, In our consideration for the point of time when defects occurs, the existence of non-conformity of goods should be judged on the basis of time of delivery rather than time of contract. Moreover, The burden of proof about nonconformity of goods is another fact which make an international dispute between the contractual parties in an international trade. Thus, The consistency in the interpretation of law must be maintained betweened the warranty and seller's liability. In the Uniform Commercial Code and UN Convention, non-conformity of contract is made of contract liability. And in our civil and commercial law provisions of warranty should be understand as the special ones of the provisions of general non-performance of obligation liability. As a result, More concrete study of them is required because they may have a great influence especially on international trade. As a result, We should be our best in finding a helpful and systematic structure that the dualistic structure of nonperformance of obligation liability and warranty liability must be unified by studying the theories of English and American warranty and our legal system, as well as international practice and usage being used in an international trade.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.779-788
• /
• 2009

To establish the fundament for EBM of Traditional Korean Medicine, the papers on Samul-tang which was frequently used in medical institutions of Traditional Korean Medicine were analyzed through researching domestic and international literatures. The papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, by the year of publishment, by experimental methods, by laboratory animals used in biological experiment and by the kinds of studies on biological efficacy. Of total 67 papers on Samul-tang, 58 volumes were registered in domestic journals and 9 volumes were in international journals of which 8 volumes were in SCI journals. Since 1978, publishments of papers have continuously increased. The papers on instrumental analyses were 6, biological studies were 58 volumes, clinical studies were 3. Instrumental analyses were preceeded with standard compounds(gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, 5-HMF). And biological studies showed improvement of cardiovascular function and circulation, antianemia, brain protection, immunoregulation, antistress, radioprotection, antifatigue, antiinflammation and antiallergy, antioxidative effect. Through clinical studies, antifatigue, improvement of insomnia and osteoporosis were reported. Samul-tang could be used to tonify and activate blood. And further study on clinical field need to be conducted in accordance with biological study.