• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2023

FIDIC Red Book은 발주자가 설계를 하고 시공자가 시공을 하는 국제표준계약조건이다. FIDIC Red Book의 Engineer는 발주자의 대리인 으로서가 아닌, 중립적으로 3.7조에 따라 클레임 또는 모든 사안에 대하여 합의하거나 결정하여야 한다. 본 연구는 델파이 기법을 이용하여 18년 만에 최근 개정된 FIDIC Red Book의 Engineer가 3.7조에 따라 합의하거나 결정해야할 49개의 세부조항들 중 핵심 리스크 세부조항 도출을 목표로 하였다. 국제건설계약에 대한 10년 이상의 경험과 전문지식을 보유한 35명의 전문가 패널을 구성하여 총 3회의 델파이 설문조사 과정을 통해 판단과정에서의 오류 및 편향을 방지하여 신뢰성을 향상시켰다. 연구 수행 방법은 계약조건 분석을 통해 FIDIC Red Book 3.7조에 따라 Engineer가 합의하거나 결정해야 하는 세부조항들을 49개로 조사하였다. 49개의 세부조항들별 계약적 리스크 발생도와 영향도를 평가하기 위해 델파이 조사는 리커트 10점 척도로 폐쇄형 설문조사를 3회 반복 수행하였다. 델파이 1차 설문조사 결과를 2차 설문조사 시 전달하고 2차 설문 조사 결과를 3차 설문조사에 전달하여 전문가 의견의 일치성을 높이는 방향으로 재평가하였다. 델파이 3차 조사 결과의 신뢰성은 변이계수 COV 값으로 검증하였다. 49개의 세부조항들 각각의 리스크 발생도와 영향도 평균값을 PI Risk Matrix를 적용하여 최종적으로 Extreme Risk 범위에 속하는 9개의 핵심 리스크 세부조항들을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

Nowadays the flow of international trade is that there seems to appear economic block significantly because most countries contract FTAs, so our market condition is changing to a severe competitive situation. Korea which has 70% of foreign dependence of trade must get involved in regionalism, and also actively promote FTA more than any other countries. FTA on February in 2006, the pharmaceutical industry are anxious. The pharmaceutical industry in Korea has recently come to a crisis that it is hard to expect a growth due to structure of profit and a change for the worse of management. If Korea-U.S. FTA are contracted in this kind of situation, domestic pharmaceutical companies will be at stake. We can anticipate that FTA with the country that has a strong competitive power like U.S. affect negatively on pharmaceutical industry, because the industry doesn't have enough self-competitiveness. Considering this kind of surroundings, we need to present the policy to enhance competitiveness for damage limitation on pharmaceutical industry by Korea-U.S. FTA. Under this background, this research has groped for a direction to strengthen the competitiveness to develop pharmaceutical industry in quality. The competitive enhancement plan is presented which is divided into the government policy part, the R&D part, and the management part. Although Korea-U.S. FTA is analyzed to wither the pharmaceutical industry, it would be thought that it is a good chance to upgrade domestic pharmaceutical industry if we make the best use of it, and also to make in roads into foreign market.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-123
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• 2018

Korean businesses engaging in transactions with U.S. entities are increasingly favoring arbitration clauses to address unexpected disputes. How best ought the parties' arbitration contractual terms be drafted to avoid lengthy, protracted and expensive legal disputes? Authors examine the public policy favoring arbitration through the U.S. Federal Arbitration Act. Korean litigants seeking a "Motion to Compel Arbitration" rely on arbitration clauses designed to address four factors U.S. courts use to evaluate the enforceability of arbitration contract clauses. What role does U.S. state court jurisdiction hinder or help Korean businesses contracting with U.S. business entities located within certain boundaries? What is the effect of an arbitration clause that designates the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board in Seoul to arbitrate? All cases analyzed entail Korean business entities. Eleven cases demonstrate the results of seeking motions to compel arbitration in U.S. courts. Three cases illustrate motions to compel arbitration drafted to use the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board in Seoul. The results provide Korean businesses and legal practitioners insight into addressing the specific goals of including contractual arbitration clauses to enhance their international commercial interests in the United States.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.240-243
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• 2004

"전자무역플랫폼(e-trade Platform)"은 최신의 정보기술을 활용하여 무역업체가 시장조사에서 계약, 상역, 외환, 통관, 물류, 결제까지 모든 무역업무프로세스를 단절 없이(Seamless) 처리할 수 있는 단일창구(Single Window)를 제공하며, 무역업체의 정보화 수준에 따라 다양한 서비스 및 인프라에 대한 연계방식(Interface)을 제공함으로써 대기업뿐만 아니라 중소기업도 무역관련 유관기관 및 정부, 나아가서는 글로벌 연계까지 가능케 하는 전자무역서비스와 이를 연계하여 통합된 환경을 제공하는 전자무역인프라 (전자무역문서 보관소, 전자무역 중계시스템, 전자무역 표준저장소)를 총칭한다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.860-888
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• 2011

절충교역은 해외 무기체계 구매사업에 수반되는 특수한 형태의 조건부 교역으로서 우리나라 국방과학기술 발전을 위해 필요한 과학기술을 효과적으로 획득할 수 있는 주요한 창구이다. 우리나라는 1983년 이후 국방과학기술의 발전과 방위산업 활성화를 위해 절충교역 제도를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 절충교역의 실효성에 대한 논란이 존재하는 것이 사실이고 특히, 국민의 혈세 지출로 획득된 소중한 국방과학기술이 누가 어떻게 활용하여 어떠한 성과를 창출하였는지를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 성과관리 시스템이 부재하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 절충교역 획득기술의 활용성과를 체계적으로 관리하기 위해 필요한 주요 성과항목을 논리적이고 객관적인 방법으로 도출하여 향후 정책적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.121-143
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• 2001

Arbitration agreement is an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not. Arbitration has become increasingly popular in settling international and domestic commercial disputes nowadays. The importance of arbitration agreement cannot be overemphasized. It is the most reasonable way to settle commercial disputes. There are two types in arbitration agreement. one is arbitration clause, the other is submission agreement. The arbitration agreement must be made in writing, in addition, other communication instruments shall be considered as effective arbitration agreement if they are properly documented. Over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on the legal property of arbitration agreement in Germany and Japan. Its legal property is aspect of substantial law contract. The basis of arbitration agreement is the principle of party autonomy. The important effect of arbitration agreement is to preclude jurisdiction from national court. The respondent shall raise a plea not later than when submitting his first defense on the merits of the action. As positive effect of arbitration agreement, the court must support the conduct of arbitral proceedings and arbitrator can be appointed upon request of a party.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

본 연구는 장기계약에 관해 국내에서 유일하게 다루고 있는 방위사업법과 국가계약법의 주요 특징을 비교하고, 무기체계획득시 연구개발 사업에 대한 개선방안을 도출 하였다. 무기체계 연구개발 사업에 기성제도를 적용할 경우에는 당사자간의 분쟁을 예방할 수 있고, 원활한 파트너십을 통해 안정적인 개발환경을 조성할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 적용하게 되면 지체상금 부과로 인한 분쟁 대응에 소요되는 행정력 낭비와 업체측의 결과예측곤란으로 인한 영업활동의 제한 등 직간접 손실을 경감시킬 수 있고, 나아가서 우리 방산기업의 성장을 통해 국제적 경쟁력을 갖추는 것은 물론 국가의 안보를 지원하는 양질의 무기체계를 적기에 조달할 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2016

Re-auction happens when a bid winner defaults on the payment without making second in-line purchase declaration even after determining sales permission. This is a process of selling under the court's authority. Re-auctioning contract price of real estate is largely influenced by the real estate business, real estate value, and the number of bidders. This paper is designed to establish a statistical model that deals with the number of bidders participating especially in apartment re-auctioning. For these, diverse factors are taken into consideration, including ratio of minimum sales value from the point of selling to re-auctioning, number of bidders at the time of selling, investment value of the real estate, and so forth. As an attempt to consider ambiguous and vague factors, this paper presents a comparatively vague concept of real estate and bidders as trapezoid fuzzy number. Two different methods based on the least squares estimation are applied to fuzzy regression model in this paper. The first method is the estimating method applying substitution after obtaining the estimators of regression coefficients, and the other method is to estimate directly from the estimating procedure without substitution. These methods are provided in application for re-auction data, and appropriate performance measure is also provided to compare the accuracies.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.51-70
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean rice must compete with the rice of advanced countries under Doha Development Agenda(DDA) and free Trade Agreement(FTA). Therefore we should find more active and positive solution in rice industry according to the inncreasing power of international pressure. Increasing rice production was the most important policy during the past food-deficient days, but recently, with overproduction of rice, various circulation system by the brand(price)-differentiation should be settled in a recent market of Korea. Nowadays, some advanced rice farmers and Rice Processing Complex(RPC) managers developed new brands of rice with high-quality, adding healthy materials and environment-friendly farming methods. Therefore, the future strategy of making a new brand rice should be planned including selection of rice variety, cultural and post-harvest techniques, circulation and processing methods to compete against foreign rice. And environment-friendly farming is also recommendable for food safety and differentiate from imported rice. For the purpose of successful brand-rice, the following points might be considered. Firstly, selection of good quality rice and continual development of good variety must be conducted for the differentiation of Korean rice from foreign rice. Secondly, a special contract between producer and consumer with functional-rice, organic filming-rice, specific-rice will be recommendable. Thirdly, improvement of post-harvest management and milling system are necessary for the production of differentiated-rice. Fortunately, standard of inspection, rules of description for brand-rice must be developed by a more scientific examination in order to settlement of trust for consumer. Finally, provincial or regional-representative brand rice must be settled and conducted for the development of agreement market system between producer and consumer.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.377-401
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• 2004

Delay in the air transport occurs when passengers, baggage or cargo do not arrive at their destination at the time indicated in the contract of carriage. The causes of delay in the carriage of cargo are no reservation, lack of space, failure to load the cargo on board, loading the cargo on the wrong plane, failure to off-load the cargo at the right place, or to deliver the covering documents at the right place. The Montreal Convention of 1999 Article 19 provides that "The carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of cargo. Nevertheless, the carrier shall not be liable for damage occasioned by delay if it proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the damage or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures." The Montreal Convention Article 22 provides liability limits of the carrier in case of delay for cargo. In the carriage of cargo, the liability of the carrier is limited to 17 SDR per kilogram unless a special declaration as to the value of the cargo has been made. The Montreal Convention Article 19 has shortcomings: it is silent on the duration of the liability for carriage. It does not give any indication concerning the circumstances to be taken into account in cases of delay, and about the length of delay. In conclusion, it is desirable to define the period of carriage with accuracy, and to insert the word 'unreasonable' in Article 19.