• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2069-2087
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• 2023

In nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents, the containment is subject to high temperatures and high internal pressures, which may further trigger serious chain accidents such as core meltdown and hydrogen explosion, resulting in a significantly higher accident level. Therefore, studying the mechanical performance of a containment under high temperature and high internal pressure is relevant to the safety of NPPs. Based on similarity principles, the 1:3.2 scale model of a prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV) of a NPP was designed. The loading method, which considers the thermal-pressure coupling conditions, was used. The mechanical response of the PCCV was investigated with a simultaneous increase in internal pressure and temperature, and the failure mechanism of the PCCV under thermal-pressure coupling conditions was revealed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.830-833
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• 2004

Hydraulic structures have been constructed with low cost concrete so as to increase the investment efficiency. But, it has caused to produce structures having excess internal voids inside concrete. As the construction of agricultural irrigation and drainage project is concentrated on off-farming season and scattered in wider area, variation of quality of structures is big and it caused increase of internal voids. Due to that reason, hazardous substance is passing rather freely through the voids causing occur of crack and accordingly life time of structures is getting shortened. It is necessary to make a thesis of design criteria for design strength to increase life time, range of variation of quality, strength of ready-mixed concrete proper to design strength, and water-cement ratio and air content.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

Grouting internally with grout materials can repair the micro-cracks and micro-voids of construction joints more efficiently than injecting grouts from the surface of cracks. A new internal grouting method using perforated bundled-cables was developed in this study to enhance the structural integrity of the construction joints. The extensive experiments were performed to examine the mechanical behavior of construction joints which are repaired internally by the developed method. The tests were conducted for rectangular-shaped box wall structures and straight wall structures. The strength and permeability tests at grouted construction joints were conducted to evaluate the structural behavior of repaired construction joints. The present study indicates that the internal grouting method developed in this study enhances greatly the performance of construction joints and may be efficiently used for the leak-tight integrity of construction joints in concrete structures.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

The seismic response of the reactor structures depends on the dynamic charact-eristics of the structures and the input earthquake loadings. The stuctural integ-rity of the reactor internal components can be verified by the dynamic response analyses to implement the effects of the design loadings like earthquakes. The sensitivity analyses of the dynamic characteristics for the analytical model of reactor structures considering the possible variations of the stiffnesses of the CSB upper flange and the snubber were performed to improve the dynamic characteri-stics of the structures against seismic loading. And to enhance the structural design margin of the reactor internal components the nonlinear time history analyses were attempted for the modified analytical model, and the results were compared between the reference model and the modified ones.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.393-400
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• 2001

A simple numerical modelling technique is proposed for estimating the shear stress distribution in beams of framed tube structures with multiple internal tubes. The structures are analysed using a continuum approach in which each tube is individually modelled by a tube beam that accounts for the flexural and shear deformations, as well as the shear lag effects. The method idealises the discrete tubes-in-tube structures as an assemblage of equivalent multiple beams, each composed of orthotropic plate panels. The numerical analysis of shear stress is based on the elastic theory in conjunction with the minimum potential energy principle. By simplifying assumptions regarding the form of strain distributions in external and internal tubes, the shear stress distributions are expressed in terms of a series of linear functions of the second moments of area of the structures and the corresponding geometric and material properties, as well as the applied loads. The simplicity and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through the solutions of three numerical examples.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-237
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• 2022

This paper is concerned with nonlinear modeling and efficient numerical simulation of electrostrictive materials and structures. Two types of such materials are considered: relaxor ferroelectric ceramics and electrostrictive polymers. For ceramics, a geometrically linear formulation is developed, whereas polymers are studied in a geometrically nonlinear regime. In the paper, we focus on constitutive modeling first. For the reversible constitutive response under consideration, we introduce the augmented Helmholtz free energy, which is composed of a purely elastic part, a dielectric part and an augmentation term. For the elastic part, we involve an additive decomposition of the strain tensor into an elastic strain and an electrostrictive eigenstrain, which depends on the polarization of the material. In the geometrically nonlinear case, a corresponding multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor replaces the additive strain decomposition used in the geometrically linear formulation. For the dielectric part, we first introduce the internal energy, to which a Legendre transformation is applied to compute the free energy. The augmentation term accounts for the contribution from vacuum to the energy. In our formulation, the augmented free energy depends not only on the strain and the electric field, but also on the polarization and an internal polarization; the latter two are internal variables. With the constitutive framework established, a Finite Element implementation is briefly discussed. We use high-order elements for the discretization of the independent variables, which include also the internal variables and, in case the material is assumed incompressible, the hydrostatic pressure, which is introduced as a Lagrange multiplier. The elements are implemented in the open source code Netgen/NGSolve. Finally, example problems are solved for both, relaxor ferroelectric ceramics and electrostrictive polymers. We focus on thin plate-type structures to show the efficiency of the numerical scheme and its applicability to thin electrostrictive structures.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

Though anatomical and histological investigations on the novel threadlike and corpuscular structures, Bonghan duct(BHD) and Bonghan corpuscles(BHC) of internal organs of rats and rabbits were extensively studied. In this article we introduce the refined method to observe the BHD and BHC on the internal organs of mice. This development is needed because immunohistochemical analysis and other modern biological techniques were mostly applicable only to mice but not to rats and rabbits. We made uses of grazing effect of light as well as discriminating technique of BHD/C from fibrin and take the novel structures, BHD/C on mouse internal organ. The specimens taken were examined by hematoxyline and eosin(H & E) and revealed as novel structures. Our method described herein to take BHD/C characterization of mouse, especially for stem cell related researches.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1065-1068
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• 2008

Concrete is still one most common construction materials even in railway structures. As structures become massive and mega-sized, the importance of early age concrete quality control becomes more significant. Among various factors, relative humidity and temperature are the primary factors governing the early age quality. Temperature raise due to cement hydration causes stress, which can develop to cracking with internal and/or external restraints. Exposure conditions including ambient temperature, humidity and wind also significantly affect the cracking behavior of early age concrete. Among many of studies on the early age concrete behavior, investigation on the variation of temperature and relative humidity internal of concrete is not common. That is in part because the difficulties in measuring the relative humidity and temperature inside the concrete. This study used a digital sensor with an appropriate logger to measure internal temperature and relative humidity. This direct measuring method is expected to provide more reliable and comprehensive data acquisition on the early age behavior of concrete.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Recent developments in contactless, air-coupled sensing of seismic and ultrasonic waves in concrete structures are presented. Contactless sensing allows for rapid, efficient and consistent data collection over a large volume of material. Two inspection applications are discussed: air-coupled impact-echo scanning of concrete structures using seismically generated waves, and air-coupled imaging of internal damages in concrete using ultrasonic tomography. The first application aims to locate and characterize shallow delamination defects within concrete bridge decks. Impact-echo method is applied to scan defected concrete slabs using air coupled sensors. Next, efforts to apply air-coupled ultrasonic tomography to concrete damage imaging are discussed. Preliminary results are presented for air-coupled ultrasonic tomography applied to solid elements to locate internal defects. The results demonstrate that, with continued development, air-coupled ultrasonic tomography may provide improved evaluation of unseen material defects within structures.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-65
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• 2015

As South Korean large business groups, also known as Chaebol, have broadened their influence in the domestic economy, it is important to analyze the influence of internal transactions among Chaebol affiliates on their performance. In this paper, relationship between internal transactions and efficiency of Chaebol affiliates has been analyzed. Top five Chaebol groups in South Korea are selected; they include Samsung, Hyundai Motors, LG, SK, and Lotte group. Based on internal transactions among affiliates, social networks are constructed for each Chaebol group to analyze centrality, network structures and cliques. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was conducted to examine the efficiency of the Chaebol affiliates. Then, correlations between the degree centrality and the efficiency of Chaebol affiliates were analyzed, and the network structures of Chaebol groups are presented. The result shows that positive correlations between degree centrality and efficiency are observed among four Chaebol Groups. This paper shows that the Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques can be used in the empirical research for the analysis of internal transactions of Chaebol groups.