• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2004

Three extracellular protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis strains were transformed with the plasmid pCK98 containing the endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase (Eng) gene of B. subtilis BSE616. The three transformants, B. subtilis DB104 (pCK98), WB600 (pCK98) and WB700 (pCK98), produced the same high level of enzyme activity and showed similar patterns of cell growth and enzyme production. When B. subtilis DB 104 (pCK98), a two-extracellular protease deficient strain, was cultured for 22 h, almost all the secreted enzyme was found to be in the completely cleaved form by both activity staining and Western blotting studies. B. subtilis WB600 (pCK98), a six-extracellular protease-deficient strain, produced a partially cleaved form in addition to the intact form of the enzyme, although the degree of internal cleavage of the enzyme was greatly reduced. With B. subtilis WB700 (pCK98), a seven-extracellular protease-deficient strain, almost all the enzyme was produced as the intact uncleaved form. This study illustrates that a role of the V pr protease is to degrade foreign proteins produced in B. subtilis and WB700 is a suitable expression system for producing the intact form of the Eng and other foreign proteins that may lose at least part of their efficacy due to internal proteolytic cleavage.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.511-521
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• 2002

내부튜브를 가진 튜브 구조물의 보에 있는 전단응력을 평가하기 위하여 수치적인 해석기법이 제안되었다 이 기법은 휨과 전단변형을 고려한 튜브 보 개념 위에서 각각의 튜브를 연속 보로서 모델링 한다. 전단응력에 대한 수치해석은 패널에 작용하는 응력에 대한 탄성이론과 수학적인 유도를 기초로 하고 있다. 내부와 외부 튜브에 있는 변형곡선에 대한 표현식을 가정함으로써, 그 튜브에 있는 전단응력은 작용하중과 단면 2차 모멘트 그리고 구조물의 기하학적인 표현으로 구성된 선형 함수로서 표현된다 전단지체와 축 응력을 다룬 이전의 연구가 튜브내에 존재하는 전단응력을 수치적으로 해석하기 위하여 보완 발전되었다. 제안된 방법의 정확성과 유용성이 3개의 튜브 구조물의 해석을 통하여 증명 되었다

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 1992

The creep behaviors of 1%Cr-Mo-V and 12%Cr steam turbine rotor steels under static or cyclic load were examined at 600 and $700^{\circ}C$. The relationship between these two kinds of phenomena was studied and the experimental results were summarized as follows: 1) It is confirmed that the cyclic creep strain dependent on time is more available for creep, behavior analysis according to frequency change than that dependent on number of cycles, and the static creep, the special case of cyclic creep with stress ratio of 1 can be also more effectively analyzed by time-dependence. 2) The steady cyclic creep rate vs. the steady static creep rate, increases according to the increase of stress ratio, and this phenomena may occur on occasion of the decrease of the internal stress. 3) The initial strain affects on all the creep properties of the transient region, the steady state region and the rupture time in cyclic creep as well as static creep, and the quantitative relationships among them exist.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.409-424
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• 2007

In this paper, an identification method of impact force is proposed for composite structures. In this method, the relation between force histories and strain responses is first formulated. The transfer matrix, which relates the strain responses of sensors and impact force information, is constructed from the finite element method (FEM). Based on this relation, an optimization model to minimize the difference between the measured strain responses and numerically evaluated strain responses is built up to obtain the impact force history. The identification of force history is performed by a modified least-squares method that imposes the penalty on the first-order derivative of the force history. Moreover, from the relation of strain responses and force history, an error vector indicating the force location is defined and used for the force location identification. The above theory has also been extended into the cases when using acceleration information instead of strain information. The validity of the present method has been verified through two experimental examples. The obtained results demonstrate that the present approach works very well, even when the internal damages in composites happen due to impact events. Moreover, this method can be used for the real-time health monitoring of composite structures.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

In this study, the fungal strain KNUF-21-F39 was isolated from a declined apple tree (Malus domestica) in the Chungcheongbuk province in Korea. The strain KNUF-21-F39 presented a slow growth rate and a variety of macroconidia shapes and sizes ranging from ovoid to fusoid and 1- to 5-septate, primarily showing 3- and 4-septate, with "S" -shaped macroconidia rarely observed. The strain was identified based on morphological characteristics along with phylogenetic analysis performed using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1), and calmodulin (cal) genes. The fungal strain KNUF-21-F39 was identified as Fusarium diversisporum, which has not been previously reported in Korea. The ice nucleation activity (INA) of the strain was also evaluated, identifying the strain as positive for INA. This is the first report characterizing F. diversisporum as an IN-active fungal species.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2000

Objective : In order to know the antibacterial effects of Kyungok-go against Mycobacteria tuberculosis, Methods : In this study, I inverstigated these effects in terms of combination of other antibiotics with and without Kyungok-go on several different media conditions. Results: On Ogawa medium, Kyungok-go of the $10{\mu}/ml$ concentration showed the anti-Mycobacteria tuberculosis activity against antibiotic drug-sensitive strain. On Middle-blue medium, Kyungok-go of the $10{\mu}/ml$ concentration showed the anti-Mycobacteria tuberculosis activity against antibiotic drug-sensitive strain. Kyungok-go showed the anti mycobacteria tuberculosis activity with the meaningful result above a certain concentration. The resistance against M, tuberculosis as the concentration of Kyungok-go was decreased significantlly on the high concentration($500{\mu}/ml$) When rifampicin and Kyungok-go were used together, the resistance was decreased with the statistical significance as to the persistant antibacterial effect against M. tuberculosis, When ciprofloxacin and Kyungok-go were used together, the resistance was decreased with the statistical significance as to the persistant antibacterial effect against M. tuberculosis, The combination of treatment, Kyungok-go with both rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, showed much better antibacterial effect against M, tuberculosis than antibiotics alone. Conclusions : This study shows that Kyungok-go has antibacterial effect against M. tuberculosis and in the combination of treatment, Kyungok-go with antibiotics, showed much better antibacterial effect against M. tuberculosis than antibiotics alone,.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.995-1005
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• 1999

Staphylococcus aureus is one of most prevalent intramammary pathogens and have characteristics which are not easily eradicated. Recently, to understand the sources and transmission of S aureus, many studies have focused on the subtyping of field isolate. This study was preformed to investigate the distribution pattern and characteristics of the isolates using phenotyping and genotyping. Samples were collected from milk of each udder, cow bodies (perianal region, vagina, tail, udder skin, sole) and environment (floor, liner, milker's hands, water, towel, insect) from 6 herds located in Kyung-gi province. Forty five strains of S aureus were isolated from 3 dairy herds (A, B, C) and were typed by hemolytic pattern, antibiotic resistant pattern, enterotoxin typing and PCR-based DNA fingerprinting. Slime productivity was also compared by each subtype to examine potential infectiousness. Of 45 strains, 41 were isolated from milk samples and 4 were isolated from liners. No strains isolated in the bodies and environment. Forty five strains isolated were classified as 18 subtypes by phenotyping and genotyping. There was common subtype between A and B herd, but the subtype of C herd showed different pattern. Among predominant subtypes, 60% of S aureus strain isolated from A and B herd showed subtype I and 50% of S aureus strain isolated from C herd belonged to subtype VI and X II. Neither somatic cell count (SCC) nor slime production was significantly different between predominant and minor subtypes. In summary, the study revealed that liners play more important roles in the mode of transmission than environmental sources. Several subtypes can be found in a herd, only a few subtype, however, was largely associated with the majority of infection.

• Composites Research
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2001

This paper describes applications of cure monitoring techniques by using embedded fiber optic strain sensors, which are extrinsic Fabry-Perot interoferometric (EFPI) and/or fiber Bra99 grating (FBG) sensors, to three kinds of molding methods of autoclave, FW and RTM molding methods. In these applications, internal strain of high-temperature curing resin was monitored by EFPI sensors. From theme experimental results, it was shown that strain caused by thermal shrink at cooling stage could be measured well. In addition, several specific matters to these molding methods were considered. As thor an autoclave molding of unidirectional FRP laminates, it was confirmed that off-axis strain of unidirectional FRP could be monitored by EFPI sensors. As for FW molding using room-temperature (RT) cured resin, it was found that the strain outputs from EFPI sensors represented curing shrinkage as well as thermal strain and the convergence meant finish of cure reaction. It was also shown that this curing shrinkage should be evaluated with consideration on logarithmic change in stiffness of matrix resin. As for a RTM melding, both EFPI and FBC sensors were employed to measure strain. The results showed that FBG sensors hale also good potential for strain monitoring at cooling stage, while the non-uniform thermal residual strain of textile affected the FBG spectrum after molding. This study has proven that embedded fiber optic strain sensors hale practical ability of cure monitoring of FRP. However, development of automatic installation methods of sensors remains as a problem to be solved for applications to practical products.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

취성재료인 탄소섬유보강폴리머(CFRP)의 시편시험에서 총변형량과 유효길이로서 유도되는 환산변형률을 도입하고, 환산변형률의 장점을 기술하였다. 일반적으로 재료의 인장물성을 결정하기 위해 스트레인 게이지 측정값을 사용하지만, 취성특성을 가지는 CFRP에서는 항상 유효한 것은 아니다. 그 이유는 취성재료에서는 응력재분배를 할 수 없으며, 스트레인 게이지의 측정값은 국부거동만을 나타기 때문이다. 따라서 환산변형률은 취성재료의 인장인장특성의 평균값을 측정하고 변형률과 측정값을 검증하는 보조지표로서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 또한 환산변형률은 1) 제작 오차(편차) 와 세팅 오차(정렬 불량)에 의해 발생하는 초기 내부 변형률에 기인한 영향과 2) 불균일 변형분포로 인한 부분파단 이후 거동을 명확히 가시화하는 장점이 있다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

플라이 애쉬와 고로슬래그를 함유하고 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트의 자기건조에 의한 습도감소와 수축과의 연관성을 파악하기 위하여 내부 습도와 변형률을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일반 콘크리트 내부 습도 감소는 약 10% 수축변형률은 약 $320{\times}10^{-6}$까지 진행하였으며 플라이 애쉬 10%, 20% 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 각각 10%, 7%의 습도 감소와 $274{\times}10^{-6}$, $231{\times}10^{-6}$의 변형률을 나타내었다. 고로슬래그 40%, 50%를 혼입한 콘크리트는 11%, $371{\times}10^{-6}$, O30G50은 11%, $350{\times}10^{-6}$의 습도감소와 수축 변형률을 나타내었으며 플라이 애쉬 혼입 콘크리트는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 습도 감소량과 변형률이 감소하며 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 자기수축의 경우 내부 습도와 변형률의 관계만을 고려할 때 플라이 애쉬, 고로슬래그 혼입 유무에 상관없이 모두 습도와 변형률은 강한 선형성을 보였다. 콘크리트 내부 습도 변화와 수축변형률의 관계를 보다 구체화하기 위하여 콘크리트 내부 공극을 단일 네트워크로 가정하고 확장 메니스커스 생성 가정 하에 공극수에서 발생하는 모세관 압력과 수화조직체에서 발생하는 표면에너지 변화를 습도의 함수로 모델링하여 수축의 구동력으로 작용시킨 결과 실험값과 비교적 일치하는 값을 나타내었다. 이를 근거로 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트에서 자기건조에 의한 습도감소는 20nm이하의 소형공극에서 발생함을 파악할 수 있었으며 따라서 자기수축에 대한 제어 방안은 이러한 소형공극에서의 공극수 표면장력과 포화도에 초점을 맞추어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.