• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

본 연구는 탱자에 접목한 온주밀감을 대상으로 멀칭 및 점적 관수 처리 시 과실의 내외부 형질에 미치는 수분 관계를 알아보고자 전기간 타이벡 멀칭구(WM), 멀칭 후 10월 22일부터 수확기까지 점적관수(MT) 그리고 무멀칭구(NM) 3그룹으로 나누어 시험하였다. 점적관수 기간 중 TM 내 토양수분함량은 평균적으로 WM 내의 수분함량보다 낮았다. 엽수분포텐셜(${\Psi}max$)은 멀칭 처리구에서 -1.5MPa에서 -2.5MPa까지 수준을 유지한 반면 관수로 인해 점진적으로 증가하였다. 사양 내 수분 및 삼투포텐셜은 건조에 의해 감소하였으나 멀칭 후 관수의 결과로 다시 증가했다. 과즙 내 가용성 고형물 함량은 건조에 의해 증가되었으나 건조 후 수분 공급에 의해 그 효과는 사라졌다. 적정 산함량은 건조에 의해 증가 하였으나 건조 후 관수에 의해 계속적으로 감소하여 1% 수준에 다다랐다. 총 가용성 고형물의 축적은 적극적 삼투조절에 따른 보상이며 감소된 산함량은 건조 후 관수에 의한 빠른 호흡과 수분 흡수의 결과임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 1991

모래(표준사(標準砂))의 응력(應力)-변형거동(變形擧動)에 관계되는 중간주응력(中間主應力)의 영향을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 삼주응력제어시험(三主應力制御試驗)을 응력경로(應力經路) 별(別)로 실시(實施)하였다. 시험과정(試驗課程)에 의하면 모래의 전단강도(剪斷強度)는 응력경로(應力經路)의 변화(變化)에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있다. 즉 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 응력경로(應力經路)를 나타내는 Habib의 응력변수(應力變數) b값에 따라, b값이 0에서 0268의 범위(範圍)에서 크게 증가(增加)하고, b=0268~0.682의 범위(範圍)에서 거의 비슷하여, b=0.682~1.0의 범위(範圍)에서 약간 감소(減少)하지만 삼축신장상태(三軸伸張狀態)의 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 삼축압축상태(三軸壓縮狀態)의 것보다 크게 나타난다. 이러한 응력변수(應力變數)의 변화(變化)에 따른 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)의 변화(變化)는 공시체(供試體)의 밀도(密度)와 구속압(拘束壓)의 변화(變化)에 관계하지 않고 동일(同一)한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 따라서 모래의 전단강도(剪斷強度)는 중간주응력(中間主應力)의 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 알 수 있다. 결과적(結果的)으로 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 조사(調査)된 모래의 전단강도(剪斷強度)에 미치는 중간주응력(中間主應力)의 영향을 기존(旣存)의 연구(硏究)와 비교하여 보면 Lade Duncan 및 Matsuoda Nakai의 연구결과(硏究結果)와 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었으며 대략 이들의 파괴규준(破壞規準)사이에 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to help the care of patient and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without in patient, and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without inpatient and exclude the factors which raised the level of anxiety in them. The experimental group in this study were samples of 200 patient's family selected by random sampling in H. University hospital located in Seoul (Department of patient were internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics and neuropsychiatry). The control group were samples of 70 family without inpatient selected by random sampling in Seoul. The data were collected through STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) by Spielberger (1970) for measurement to level of state and trait anxiety from April 1st to April 15th in 1982. The contents of data analysis by EDPS included the difference of level of anxiety between experimental and control group, correlationship between general characteristics of experimental group and level of anxiety, and correlation of trait and state anxiety in experimental group. The Findings of this study were as follows: 1) Level of anxiety of experimental group is higher than control group. 2) In the correlation between general characteristics and level of anxiety of experimental group, there were no significant difference which revealed in correlation with age of family member, family life cycle, marital status, the relation between patient and family member, the degree of symptom, number of admission, admission or nonadmission of medical insurance, number of family member, and division of disease to level of anxiety However, according to the sex of family member, hospitalization period, a monthly income of family, the degree of confidence toward medical team, religion of family, academic background of family, a tendency of significant differences to level of anxiety were seen. To put them in the concrete, they were as follow; a) Level of. anxiety on female family member is higher than male in experimental group. b) Admission period of patient is positively related to the level of anxiety of patient's family. c) The degree of confidence of patient's family toward medical team is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. d) A monthly income of patient's family is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. e) Levlt of anxiety of believer in patient's family is lower than unbeliever. f) The academical background of patient's family is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety g) Level of state anxiety of patient's family at the time of admission is positively related to the level of trait anxiety.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 2002

This research is an attempt to establish a basic material in discovering the subjective types of the dental coordinators occupational consciousness, utilizing the Q-Method Theory, which is capable of measuring the subjective nature of human being by scientific and systematic method. The characteristics of each type were analyzed so as to have the dental coordinator to possess the desirable understanding of the occupational view together for them to have self-confidence as a lifetime specialty occupation. Upon completion of the study, it was found that there are three types of subjective views pertaining to the occupational consciousness on the dental coordinator. The result on the analysis of the characteristics is as follows : Type 1 is the Taking Serious View on the Patient Service, which priority is placed on kindness and looking after any difficulties of the patient, namely, it is the type that puts the importance on the high level medical examination and treatment based on good service. Because of the kind service to the patient, those under this category considered their job satisfaction have been improved. It goes without saying that they were developing the services, which satisfy themselves, and it was confirmed that they thought that they should make things smooth for any development of problems that may arise between the patient and the dentist. Type 2 is the Taking Serious View on Career and Organizational Strength. This is a type that aims on the systematic nature of the internal job, namely, organizational strength itself viewed from the stand point thai either self-confident or work merit is proportional to experience. This type is to actively treat the problem and endeavor to solve the issue when dissatisfaction is held by the dental hospital system, which is either followed according to the work responsibility or by an organization having an appropriate system on remuneration, Type 3 is the Placing of Importance on the Overall Circumstances. This is the type that places importance on the overall now of the dental hospital, and it is the type, that most greatly recognizes the importance of the role of the dental coordinator. The dental coordinator should provide the sense of reliability to both the dentist and to the staff of the medical examination and treatment and should be able to adjust smoothly the overall now of the medical treatment. The dental coordinator is expected to be a medical service specialist, who is capable to solve the problems of the staff of the medical treatment intuitively and to adjust the relation between the employees. With the above result, it was found that although there was no mutual exclusiveness between the respective types, there are particular characteristics among each type. Therefore, this research has discovered and analyzed the subjective view types relative to the occupational consciousness of the dental coordinator for the proper understanding on the characteristics of each type to enable the dental sanitary students and the graduates of the Dental Sanitary Department, who are aspiring to become dental coordinator, as the basic guide material to be actively utilized.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.267-287
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• 2017

수학에 대한 긍정적인 태도나 수학적 성향과 같은 정의적 특성의 개선은 학교 수학교육의 중요한 목표 중 하나로서 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 정의적 영역의 개선을 위한 기초 연구를 수행하기 위하여 정의적 영역을 측정하는 검사 도구를 개발하였다. 개발 과정은 선행연구를 통해 정의적 영역의 요인을 선정하고, 초 중 고 학생들을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 각 요인에 해당되는 문항들을 추출하였다. 이후 예비검사와 본검사를 통해 검사 문항들의 신뢰도와 요인분석 결과에 따라 최종문항을 선정하였다. 개발된 정의적 영역 검사 문항은 흥미, 학습태도, 가치, 외적동기, 내적동기, 학습의지, 효능감 요인의, 총 24문항으로 이루어져있다. 이는 향후 초 중 고 학생들의 정의적 영역 측정을 위한 검사도구로 활용할 수 있으며, 이를 토대로 수학교과의 정의적 영역 성취를 위한 교육 목표나 방향을 설정하는데 있어서의 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently on-the-job training (OJT) has become the most preferred training and development method with the emergence of the concept that workplace is the best place where learning take place. But many researchers argue that OJT is not helpful for the performance of organization because OJT is not systematic and mostly depend on quality of trainer. Since Jacobs & McGriffin introduced S-OJT (structured OJT), there has been plenty of researches. But most of the researches have focused mainly on employee's attitude and organizational performance caused by S-OJT and neglected a holistic approach of S-OJT as a system. S-OJT need to be analyzed comprehensively to understand training performance because S-OJT is operated as a system consist of input, process, and organizational context. Although S-OJT may create unintended consequences, there were few researches to explore them. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors for S-OJT and to find unintended consequences of it. Research design, data and methodology - We conducted a case study on M business unit of A company which developed and has been implementing S-OJT program for years. We designed and prepared the process, collected and analyzed data for the study. We set the theoretical framework to analyze the case after reviewing theories and previous studies on S-OJT. We collected and analyzed internal reports and interview results of the employees of the M business unit. We tried to collect as many information as possible to secure the validity of the research results. Results - The critical success factors identified in the study are as follow. First, it is important to select and train proper trainers for S-OJT. Second, it is needed to develop structured training module. Third, organization have to use effective communication system like on-line community. Forth, trainer should have proper skills for training such as facilitating skill, coaching skill, and delivering skill etc. Fifth, proper learning place is needed. Sixth, organizational support is important especially, immediate supervisor support and concern is critical. Eleventh, it is needed to consider situational contexts. Among them, overload to the trainer will affect the effectiveness of S-OJT. In this study, we found an additional unintended consequence. "To teach is the best way to learn." Experience as a trainer give employee an opportunity to organize one's knowledge and skill and to attain facilitation skill, coaching skill, and relation skill. Thus, organization may use S-OJT to train the potential talent. Conclusions - Many organizations introduced S-OJT to train the newcomers because S-OJT drew attention as an important tool to develop employees. Following this trend, there has been increasing number of researches to find the results of S-OJT and identify the determinants of S-OJT success. However, most of the researches concentrated on finding effects of some factors neglecting holistic approach. This study tried to identify critical success factors affecting effectiveness of S-OJT by using case study and find additional unintended consequence. The results of the study will be useful for organizations which have a plan to adopt S-OJT.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2012

Objectives : Meridian sinew theory was introduced in Miraculous Pivot, Huangdi's Internal Classic, to explain in relation with locations of meridian sinews, causes, mechanisms, and treatment of diseases. The meridian sinews are understood to include muscles, tendons and ligaments, or muscles in the superficial body made up with muscles, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc. This theory shows the similarity or organic relationship between the meridian sinews and muscles. From the Hippocrates(460-385 BC) ages, traction therapy was used as a treatment method on muscular diseases such as low back pain, scoliosis, etc in western medicine. The effects of traction therapy, however, were unclear so that this study was purposed to illustrate the effectiveness of continuous traction therapy and to develop meridian sinews treatment. Methods : We made 2 hypotheses to explain the cause of scoliosis occurrence, muscles contraction and relaxation. As the hypothesis, we made the spinal model having 3 joints with wood and rubber bands. Each of the three joints in the spinal model represents the case of normal(NT; control), contraction(AT 1)and relaxation(AT 2) condition, and distance between the vertebrae joints was measured. Results : Under normal circumstance models, the normal type 1(NT 1; muscle relax state) and normal type 2(NT 2; muscle contract state) all joints were being towed equally. But in an unusual contracted situation, regardless of the relationship of joint area, contracted part of joint was not released. And in a relaxed situation, regardless of joint areas, released parts of joint were further released. These observation results mean that the effects of traction might be different from the purpose of traction therapy of Hippocrates. Conclusions : To explain the effect of traction therapy for scoliosis, the spinal cord model and scoliosis model were made. After vertebral bodies were pulled with different tensile forces, we compared the observed length of the each joints pulled. The results suggested that there were no effects of traction in objected parts with traction method from Hippocrates' design, continuous traction method. Moreover, it may worsen the symptom in worst case. Of course, our results are just the result of experimental models and clinical results may be different. More careful studies, therefore, are required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

Objectives : It is known that the five Su points are very useful clinically. The following study was undertaken in order to find out the general characteristic and the origin of the five Su points. Methods: We investigated the relation of symptoms that are treated by five Su points and Shi-Dong Suo-Sheng-Bing(是動 所生病). The main reference book was Zhen Jiu Jia Yi jing(鍼灸甲乙經) and the author took Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) as an example. Results : 1. Five Su point of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) treats Shi-Dong-Bing(是動病) of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum. It is peculiarity of Five Su point of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum, differed from the others acupoints. Symptoms of Shi-Dang-Bing appears with the abnormal pulsation of Merdian Gi(脈氣), and the special feature of Shi-Dang-Bing is the symptoms are consisted of disorders of whole body, trobles of an internal organ, and psychosomatic disorders. 2. In , it is described the part of pulse feeling for Shi-Dong-Bing(是動病) of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) as ‘A region that is 2 Chon(寸) from the basic digital joint of the first toe’. This region is agree with the acupoint of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum in , . And Haeng-gan(行間) Tae-chung(太衝), members of five Su-points of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum is situated the same region. So we suppose that the part of pulse feeling for Shi-Dong-Bing of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum is transformed into Haeng-gan(行間) Tae-chung(太衝), among the five Su points.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.543-552
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• 1994

본 연구는 공중낙하법으로 만든 공기건조 상태의 일본의 표준사인 풍포사(豊浦砂)(Toyoura sand)와 영국의 표준사인 Silver Leighton Buzzard sand 공시체를 배수상태에서 평면 변형율 압축시험을 실시하여, 구속압이 모래의 변형 강도특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 축방향 변위와 수평방향의 변위는 변형율수준(strain level) $10^{-6}$에서 파괴상태까지를 연속적으로 구할 수 있는 장치를 사용하여 정도 높게 측정함으로써 미소변형에서 파괴상태까지의 응력 변형율 특성을 상세히 연구하였다. 그 결과, 극저구속압에서는 구속압이 작아져도 내부마찰각 ${\sigma}^{\prime}{_{max}}=arcsin\{({\sigma}{_1}^{\prime}-{\sigma}{_3}^{\prime})/({\sigma}{_1}^{\prime}+{\sigma}{_3}^{\prime})\}_{max}$가 급격히 크게 되지는 않아, Bolton의 경험식을 사용할 시는 어느 정도 구속압이 클 때만 적용 가능하다는 것을 알았다. 또, 모래의 강성률은 근사적으로 구속압의 m승에 비례하는데(G or $E{\propto}{\sigma}{_3}^{{\prime}m}$), 이때 m은 변형율수준 $10^{-4}$이하에서는 약 0.4 정도이고 변형율=$10^{-1}$에서는 $m{\fallingdotseq}0.9$ 정도이었다. 이러한 경향은 모래의 종류, 혹은 시험종류에 따라 거의 변화하지 않음을 알았다. 이것은 구속압이 작을수록 강성률의 변형율수준 의존성, 응력수준 의존성이 크게 되는 것과 대응한다. 끝으로, Rowe의 응력-다이러턴시 관계는 미소 변형율수준($10^{-4}$ 이하)에서 파괴까지 거의 직선적으로 성립하고, 구속압의 영향을 거의 받지 않는다는 것을 알았다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

콘크리트의 가격이 상대적으로 높고 콘크리트 부재의 중량이 중요시되는 곳에서 중공 기둥을 사용하는 것이 경제적이다. 낮은 축력비와 적당한 종방향 철근비에서의 중공기둥은 원형 R.C 기둥과 유사한 휨강도와 연성능력을 갖는다. 그러나 높은 종방향 철근비와 축력비를 갖는 중공기둥 안쪽면에서의 구속력 부족으로 인한 압괴로 취성적인 거동을 보인다. 그래서 중공기둥의 안쪽면에 강관을 삽입한다면 기둥의 취성적인 거동을 방지할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 교각의 내부에 강관을 삽입하여, 재료비의 절감과 중량의 감소 및 중공교각의 연성을 증가시키고, 이의 해석을 위해 강관의 삽입효과를 나타낼 수 있는 해석 프로그램을 개발하여, 상용 프로그램의 원형기둥 및 중공기둥의 해석치와 비교하여 타당성을 입증하였다. 휨강도와 연성을 표현하기 위해서는 모멘트-곡률 해석법이 사용되었으며, 콘크리트의 구속효과를 나타내기 위해 Mander의 통합된 콘크리트 모델이 사용되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 하여 매개변수 해석을 수행하여 강관 보강 중공 R.C 기둥의 거동특성을 연구하였다.