• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.438-446
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of modified Seogakjihwang-tang on a patient who had headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury, which were considered as the result of blood stasis. The patient had headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury and treated with modified Seogakjihwang-tang three times a day for 60days. As a result, the numerical rating scale and pain rating score of headache decreased and the scores of mini-mental state examination-Korea, the Korean version of Montreal cognitive assessment and the mini-memory test increased during treatment with modified Seogakjihwang-tang. Therefore, this case supports a possibility that modified Seogakjihwang-tang might be an effective treatment to patients with headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.339-349
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• 2011

IBDI (Internal Bit Depth Increase) is able to significantly improve the coding efficiency of high definition video compression by increasing the bit depth (or precision) of internal arithmetic operation. However the scheme also increases required internal memory for storing decoded reference frames and this can be significant for higher definition of video contents. So, the reference frame memory compression method is proposed to reduce such internal memory requirement. The reference memory compression is performed on 4x4 block called the processing unit to compress the decoded image using the correlation of nearby pixel values. This method has successively reduced the reference frame memory while preserving the coding efficiency of IBDI. However, additional information of each processing unit has to be stored also in internal memory, the amount of additional information could be a limitation of the effectiveness of memory compression scheme. To relax this limitation of previous memory compression scheme, we propose a selective merging-based reference frame memory compression algorithm, dramatically reducing the amount of additional information. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides much smaller overhead than that of the previous algorithm while keeping the coding efficiency of IBDI.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.72-81
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• 2008

High Performance DSP usually supports cache and internal memory. For an optimal implementation of a multimedia stream application on such a high performance DSP, one needs to utilize the cache and internal memory efficiently. In this paper, we investigate performance analysis of cache, and internal memory configuration and placement necessary to achieve an optimal implementation of multimedia stream applications like motion picture encoder on high performance DSP, TMS320C6000 series, and propose strategies to improve performance for cache and internal memory placement. From the results of analysis and experiments, it is verified that 2-way L2 cache configuration with the remaining memory configured as internal memory shows relatively good performance. Also, it is shown that L1P cache hit rate is enhanced when frequently called routines and routines having caller-callee relationships with them are continuously placed in the internal memory and that L1D cache hit rate is enhanced by the simple change of the data size. The results in the paper are expected to contribute to the optimal implementation of multimedia stream applications on high performance DSPs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Gagamjeongji-hwan (JJH)(Jiajiandingzhi-wan) and Evoidae Fructus (EF) on learning and memory disturbance and neuronal damage induced by focal ischemia in the rat. Rats were used for testing in the following three. Morris Water Maze, Cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry, acetylcholine esterase (AchE) histochemistry. JJH+ISCH group (ischemia-induced rats pretreated with JJH) and EF+ISCH group (ischemia-induced rats pretreated with EF) significantly reduced the latency of swimming time, compared with those of ISCH group (ischemia-induced rats) in morris water maze acquisition test. JJH+ISCH group attenuated ischemia.induced learning and memory damage in morris water maze retention test. The density of ChAT neurons of the JJH+ISCH and EF+ISCH group in the hippocampal CA1 area was increased, compared to that of SAL+ISCH group (ischemia-induced rats pretreated with SAL). The density of AchE neurons of the JJH+ISCH and EF+ISCH group in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area was increased, compared to that of SAL+ISCH group. These results suggest that Gagamjeongji-hwan (JJH) and Evodiae Fructus (EF) may have significant protective effects on ischemia-induced brain damage and memory impairments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2 s.70
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objective : Gagamchongmyung-tang is clinically one of the most popular prescriptions as an herbal medicine for the treatment of amnesia. In order to evaluate its neuroprotective effects on the ischemia-induced cognitive deficits caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we examined its ability to reduce impairments of learning and memory of rats in the Morris water maze. Method and Result : Focal cerebral ischemia produced a decrease in acetylcholine transmission in the hippocampus, and deficits of learning and memory in the Morris water maze task. Treatment with two types of Gagamchongmyung-tang, methanol and water extracts, produced a substantial increase in acquisition in the Morris water maze. Treatment with methanol extract of Gagamchongmyung-tang increased the performance of the retention test in the Morris water maze. Consistent with behavioral data, immunohistochemical data showed that treatment with methanol extract, but not water extract, of Gagamchongmyung-tang significantly recovered reduction of AchE and ChAT reactivity in the hippocampal CAl area. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that methanol extract of Gagamchongmyung-tang has protective effects against ischemia-induced learning and memory impairments, and provided evidence of methanol extract of Gagamchongmyung-tang as a putative treatment for amnesia, vascular dementia, and longer memory.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.253-264
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• 2006

Object: This research investigated effects of Jujadokseo-hwan on mice with Alzheimer's Disease induced by $amyloid-{\beta}$. According to Dongyibogam, Jujadokseo-hwan can cure amnesia. Amyloid-B is believed to induce oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, postulated to play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this way $Amyloid-{\beta}$ induces Alzheimer's Disease. Methods : In order to make an efficient prescription and cope with dementia, learning and memory functions of mice were tested on passive avoidance test and V-maze task. $NF-{\kappa}B$ were measured from protein derived from the brain. RT-PCR was done for !gene analysis. Primers were protein kinase Band $NGF-{\alpha}$. Results : 1. Jujadokseo-hwan was effective for memory capacity on passive avoidance test. but noneffective for spatial memory capacity and locomotor activity on Y -maze task. 2. The measurement of $NF-{\kappa}B$ showed upward tendancies and the result of RT-PCR showed up-regulation when given Jujadokseo-hwan by mouth. Conclusion: Results suggest that Jujadokseo-hwan is effective on mice with Alzheimer's Disease induced by $amyloid-{\beta}$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

Introduction: We report a rare case in which the symptoms of hypersomnia were caused by cerebral infarction that occurred in the hypothalamus and hypothalamus. Case Presentation: The patient underwent Korean medicine treatments using Gami-seonghyangjeonggi-san, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and physical therapy for 37 days. We evaluated the degree of improvement in hypersomnolence based on the amount of sleeping time and the degree of memory impairment with the patient's suggestive conditions as observed by the patient's guardian, and one-sided facial palsy using the Yanagihara Scale. As treatment was applied, sleeping time was decreased from 22 to 9 hours a day. Memory impairment did not show clear improvements as the patient could not recognize others when they visited during the period in which the patient underwent treatment. One-sided facial palsy showed no improvements and there were no changes in the Yanagihara Scale results. Conclusion: This case showed that Korean medicine treatment could be effective to relieve some of the symptoms of thalamus and hypothalamus infarction. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1335-1338
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• 2003

Fixed-size memory allocation is one of the most promising way to avoid external fragmentation in dynamic memory allocation problem. This paper presents an experimental result of applying the fixed- size memory allocation strategy to Java virtual machine for embedded system. The result says that although this strategy induces another memory utilization problem caused by internal fragmentation, the effect is not very considerable and this strategy is well-suited for embedded Java system. The experiment has been performed in a real embedded Java system called the simpleRTJ.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.549-553
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• 2007

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic syndrome of an unknown etiology, and it is characterized by the formation of multiple noncaseating granulomas that disrupt the architecture and function of the tissues in which they reside. The most commonly affected organs are lung, skin and lymph nodes. Overt clinical involvement of the nervous system is uncommon and this occurs in about 5% of all patients during the course of their disease. The most common manifestations are granulomatous leptomeningitis, cranial nerve palsy, electrolyte or other endocrinologic abnormalities, but isolated memory impairment is a rare manifestation. This is a case of 59 years-old male with recent memory impairment, and he was previously diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis by transbronchial lung biopsy. The brain MRI imaging revealed the leptomeningeal and parenchymal involvement of sarcoidosis. He was treated with high dose corticosteroid and his memory function was improved to nearly a normal level. We report here on a case of successful treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis combined with neurosarcoidosis with using high dose corticosteroid, and the patient presented with recent memory impairment.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-92
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• 2011

This paper presents an emergent pattern recognition approach based on the immune network theory and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The immune network allows its components to change and learn patterns by changing the strength of connections between individual components. The presented immune-network-based approach achieves emergent pattern recognition by dynamically generating an internal image for the input data patterns. The members (feature vectors for each data pattern) of the internal image are produced by an immune network model to form a network of antibody memory cells. To classify antibody memory cells to different data patterns, hierarchical clustering algorithms are used to create an antibody memory cell clustering. In addition, evaluation graphs and L method are used to determine the best number of clusters for the antibody memory cell clustering. The presented immune-network-based emergent pattern recognition (INEPR) algorithm can automatically generate an internal image mapping to the input data patterns without the need of specifying the number of patterns in advance. The INEPR algorithm has been tested using a benchmark civil structure. The test results show that the INEPR algorithm is able to recognize new structural damage patterns.