• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2019

The development of breast implant technology continues to evolve over time, but changes in breast shape after implantation have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we performed computerized finite element analysis in order to better understand the trajectory of changes and stress variation after breast implantation. The finite element analysis of changes in breast shape involved two components: a static analysis of the position where the implant is inserted, and a dynamic analysis of the downward pressure applied in the direction of gravity during physical activity. Through this finite element analysis, in terms of extrinsic changes, it was found that the dimensions of the breast implant and the position of the top-point did not directly correspond to the trajectory of changes in the breast after implantation. In addition, in terms of internal changes, static and dynamic analysis showed that implants with a lower top-point led to an increased amount of stress applied to the lower thorax. The maximum stress values were 1.6 to 2 times larger in the dynamic analysis than in the static analysis. This finding has important implications for plastic surgeons who are concerned with long-term changes or side effects, such as bottoming-out, after anatomic implant placement.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2022

The time-varying structural reliability of an aeroelastic launch vehicle subjected to stochastic parameters is investigated. The launch vehicle structure is under the combined action of several stochastic loads that include aerodynamics, thrust as well as internal combustion pressure. The launch vehicle's main body structural flexibility is modeled via the normal mode shapes of a free-free Euler beam, where the aerodynamic loadings on the vehicle are due to force on each incremental section of the vehicle. The rigid and elastic coupled nonlinear equations of motion are derived following the Lagrangian approach that results in a complete aeroelastic simulation for the prediction of the instantaneous launch vehicle rigid-body motion as well as the body elastic deformations. Reliability analysis has been performed based on two distinct limit state functions, defined as the maximum launch vehicle tip elastic deformation and also the maximum allowable stress occurring along the launch vehicle total length. In this fashion, the time-dependent reliability problem can be converted into an equivalent time-invariant reliability problem. Subsequently, the first-order reliability method, as well as the Monte Carlo simulation schemes, are employed to determine and verify the aeroelastic launch vehicle dynamic failure probability for a given flight time.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.395-406
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• 2023

우리나라 열병합 발전소에서 운영되고 있는 최신 증기터빈의 출력과 효율 향상을 위한 첫 번째 기술적인 진보는 고온, 고압의 증기를 사용할 수 있는 소재 개발의 진척이라고 할 수 있다. 소재의 발전과 더불어 증기터빈의 내부효율 향상을 위한 설계적 노력의 결실로 높은 효율의 증기터빈이 제작되었다. 오랜 기간 운전 중인 증기터빈의 내부효율은 기계적 수명의 한계로 점차 손실이 발생하고 효율과 출력이 떨어지게 된다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 상용프로그램을 이용하여 열병합 발전소용 고압(HP)-중압(IP) 증기터빈의 증기유로 성능해석을 수행할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고 성능계산 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 증기터빈의 복잡한 성능계산방식으로 인해 증기터빈 실무자들에게 실질적으로 유용한 참고문헌이 될 수 있도록 주요 변수들을 제시하였다. 또한 증기터빈 성능계산에 필요한 열정산도 분석과 증기터빈 성능계산 결과의 적합성을 성능시험 결과와 비교 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

고체연료 램제트 추진의 경우 간단한 구조에 비해 높은 성능과 추진력을 얻을 수 있는 매력적인 추진기관이다. 본 연구의 목적은 두가지 유형의(스파이크 & 피토) 흡입구에 대한 공기역학적 특성을 파악함에 있다. 마하수 3.0의 실험조건에서 연소실의 압력과 $0^{\circ}$와 $4^{\circ}$의 받음각의 변화에 따라 흡입구 벽면의 압력값을 측정하였다. 본 연구는 초음속 유동장치와 쉴리렌 시스템을 이용하여 수행되었으며 동일 실험조건에서 스파이크 형이 피토 형보다 약 2배 높은 전압력 회복율을 나타내었다. 전산유체 해석을 통하여 흡입구 내부흐름을 실험결과 값과 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

We report a focal-length tunable liquid lens based on thermopneumatically driven fluidic pressure. The fluidic pressure is generated by deformation of an elastomeric diaphragm induced by thermopneumaticity from a laterally integrated microheater sealed within an air chamber. The pressure is transmitted by a confined liquid to a lens diaphragm through an internal fluid channel. The liquid filling under the lens diaphragm functions as a liquid lens for dynamic focusing with properties depending on the curvature of the deformed diaphragm. The diaphragm area of the air chamber is designed five times larger than that of the lens cavity to yield high focal-length tunability by amplified deflection of the lens diaphragm. With our method, we achieved excellent focal-length tunability from infinity (without an input current) to 4 mm (with an input current of 12 mA) with a lens aperture diameter of 2 mm.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2000

Characteristics of two favorite injection tools for gasoline direct injection application were compared. An air-assisted fuel injector (AAFI) and a high-pressure swirl injector (HPSI) were designed and fabricated for prototype development, and the characterization strategies and processes for both injection tool have been arranged in parallel. Characterization works were carried out mainly through measurements, and in some cases, computational fluid dynamic analysis was utilized. In this paper, overall characteristics defined as flow rate, spray pattern, penetration, internal spray structure and drop size distribution, was discussed. The AAFI was found to be advantageous in flexibility of fuel flow rate, and the HPSI in stability and precision. Spray shape factor was introduced to describe the development of intermittent sprays from both injectors. Axial penetration appeared to be almost linear in the case of the AAFI while its speed continuously decreased with time in the HPSI.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.301-319
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• 2011

The full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel test results for the long-span roof latticed spatial structure of Shenzhen Citizen Center. A direct comparison of model testing results to full-scale measurements is always desirable, not only in validating the experimental data and methods but also in providing better understanding of the physics such as Reynolds numbers and scale effects. Since the quantity and location of full-scale measurements points are different from those of the wind tunnel tests taps, the weighted proper orthogonal decomposition technique is applied to the wind pressure data obtained from the wind tunnel tests to generate a time history of wind load vector, then loads acted on all the internal nodes are obtained by interpolation technique. The nodal mean wind pressure coefficients, root-mean-square of wind pressure coefficients and wind pressure power spectrum are also calculated. The time and frequency domain characteristics of full-scale measurements wind load are analyzed based on filtered data-acquisitions. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the distributions of the mean wind pressure coefficients of center part of Shenzhen Citizen Center long-span roof spatial latticed structure. Furthermore, a brief discussion about difference between the wind pressure power spectrum from the wind tunnel experiments and that from the full-scale in-site measurements is compared. The result is important fundament of wind-induced dynamic response of long-span spatial latticed structures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1996

연구배경: Auto-PEEP 혹은 intrinsic PEEP은 호기말에 폐용적이 전체 호흡기계의 이완 용적으로 돌아오지 않음으로써, 증가된 호흡기계의 탄성반도압만큼 호기말 폐포내압(alveolar pressure) 이양의 값을 보이는 것을 말한다. Auto-PEEP 이 존재하는 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에게 externa1 PEEP을 적용하면 환자의 호흡 일을 줄일 수 있어서, 질환의 급성악화시 혹은 기계호흡으로부터의 이탈시 환자의 자발호흡을 보조하기 위한 요법으로 제시되고 있다. 이에 기계호흡중인 환자에서 auto-PEEP의 존재가 호흡 일에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, externa1 PEEP의 사용이 auto- PEEP에 의해 증가된 호흡 일을 줄이는지를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 호흡부전으로 기계호흡을 하고 있는 환자 15명을 대상으로 연구가 이루어 졌으며, 이들 7명에서 auto-PEEP이 관찰되었고(auto-PPEP군) 8명에서 auto-PEEP이 auto-PEEP군). 양군 간의 환자의 호흡역학적 지표의 차이를 조사하였으며, auto-PEEP이 존재하는 환자들에 대해 3cm $H_2O$의 external PEEP을 적용한 뒤 호흡역학적 지표들의 변화를 조사하였다. 호흡역학적 지표는 상시호흡량(tidal volume, 이하 $V_T$), 분당 호흡수, 분당환기량 (minute ventilation 이하 $V_E$), 최고흡기유량(peak inspiratory flow rate, 이하 PIFR), 최고호기유행peak expiratory flow rate, 이하 PEFR), 최고흡기압(peak inspiratory pressure, 이하 PIP), $T_I/T_{TOT}$, auto-PEEP, 폐 동적탄성 (dynamic compliance of lung, 이하 Cdyn), 호기 기도저항(expiratory airway resistance, 이하 RAWe), 평균 기도저항(mean airway resistance, 이하 RAWm), $P_{0.1}$, 환자에 의해 수행되는 호흡 일 (work of breathing performed by patient, 이하 호흡 일), pressure-time product(이하 PTP)등이었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2019

Sloshing is a phenomenon which may lead to dynamic stability and damages on the local structure of the tank. Hence, several anti-sloshing devices are introduced in order to reduce the impact pressure and free surface elevation of liquid. A fixed baffle is the most prevailing anti-sloshing mechanism compared to the other methods. However, the additional of the baffle as the internal structure of the LNG tank can lead to frequent damages in long-term usage as this structure absorbs the sloshing loads and thus increases the maintenance cost and downtime. In this paper, a novel type of floating baffle is proposed to suppress the sloshing effect in LNG tank without the need for reconstructing the tank. The sloshing phenomenon in a membrane type LNG tank model was excited under sway motion with 30% and 50% filling condition in the model test. A regular motion by a linear actuator was applied to the tank model at different amplitudes and constant period at 1.1 seconds. Three pressure sensors were installed on the tank wall to measure the impact pressure, and a high-speed camera was utilized to record the sloshing motion. The floater baffle was modeled on the basis of uniform-discretization of domain and tested based on parametric variations. Data of pressure sensors were collected for cases without- and with-floating baffle. The results indicated successful reduction of surface run-up and impulsive pressure by using a floating baffle. The findings are expected to bring significant impacts towards safer sea transportation of LNG.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2007

Collision analysis problems between ship to ship can be generally classified into the external mechanics(outer dynamics) and internal mechanics(inner dynamics). The former can be also dealt with the concept of fluid-structure interaction and the use of rigid body dynamic program, depending on the ways handling the hydrodynamic pressure due to surrounding water. In this study, full scale ship collision simulation was carried out, such as a DWT 75,000 ton striking ship collided at right angle to the middle of a DWT 150,000 struck ship with 10 knots velocity, coupling MCOL, a rigid body mechanics program for modeling the dynamics of ships, to hydrocode LS-DYNA. It could be confirmed that more suitable damage estimation would be performed in the case of the collision simulations with consideration of surrounding water through the comparison with the collision simulation results of fixed struck ships without it. Through this study, the opportunity could be obtained to establish a more effective ship collision simulation technique between ship to ship.