• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2012

Objective: Electroencephalogram (EGG)-feedback is a training procedure aimed at altering brain activity, and is used as a treatment for disorders like attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external focus of attention by EGG-feedback on balance in young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subject were students in Sahmyook University. Fifty young adults in their twenties and thirties. Subjects were performed both with and without external focus of attention by EEG-feedback on the posture of standing and tandem standing. Participants were educated effort to maintain static posture when they were under internal focus of attention. Good Balance System was used for measurement of postural consistency upon the following force platforms. Results: Body sway decreased significantly both normal standing and tandem standing with external focus of attention by EEG-feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the benefits of an external attentional focus are generalizable to young adults. The external focus of attention outperformed the internal focus of attention on the postural balance (p<0.05). It is showed that external focus of attention significant effects on balance by revoked automatic postural control of movement. Furthermore balance might be improved by training with an external focus. Further study is required to develop for training as a method of preventing fall in elderly peoples.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.372-383
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the content validity of a semantic revision of items on a reliable and valid instrument, the Sieloff-King Assessment of Group Outcome Attainment (Power) within Organizations in Korea (K-SKAGOAO). Methods: The target population for research was chief nurse officers (CNOs) of all hospital within Korea. A sample of 303 hospitals from across the Korea was selected through a stratified random sampling process. A total of 174 CNOs comprised the final sample. Psychometric evaluation of the K-SKAGOAO included: (a) criterion-related validity (b) factor analysis and (c) internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results: The Convergent validity and criterion-related validity were supported. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the K-SKAGOAO was .95. Subscale alphas ranged from .60 to .86. Conclusion: The K-SKAGOAO and related subscales show validity and internal reliability. A nursing group of any size can use the K-SKAGOAO to both assess the group's level of outcome attainment and develop strategies to further improve that level.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.273-284
• /
• 1989

The aim of this investigation was to delineate concepts contributing to the Exercise of Self-Care Agency (E.S.C.A.) Scale developed by Kearney & Fleischer (1979) and to test its construct validity and its predictors. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. By means of principal factor analysis and maximal likelihood factor analysis upon data generated from 280 undergraduate students, the factors of Concern about Health Knowledge, self-Concept, Information - Seeking Behavior, Decision -making and Responsibility, Self-esteem, and Passivity emerged. The total percent of variance explained by the 6 factors was 75.1% 2. To assess factor independence and instrument homogeneity, correlations among the 6 factors were computed. The correlations ranged from .24 to .46 indicating that the factors and the items were not too similar or redundant. 3. Test-retest reliability of the total scale is r＝.70. Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient for internal consistency of the total scale is .86 and that of the factors ranged from .750 to .661 (only factor 6 .497). 4. In additional analysis of the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale in relationship to Multiple Health Locus of Control, Family Environmental Scale, and Cornell Medical Index using stepwise multiple regression, the Internal Health Locus of Control Score predicted 21.8%(F＝53.34, p＝.0001), Family Environmental Score 8.3%(F＝22.59, P＝.0001), Modified Cornell Medical Index Score 5.4%(F＝15.74, P＝.0001) of the score of the E.S.C.A.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.889-896
• /
• 2005

Objective : Diarrhea is defined as an increased frequency of stools(more than three per day), increased liquidity(loose or watery) and decreased consistency or stools. This study was done to examine the efficacy of Gwakhyang-junggisan for two patients who had suffered from chronic diarrhea of unknown origin on examination. At the time of admission, patients complained of diarrhea 4 or 5 times per day accompanied with epigastric discomfort, quadri pain. As of the fourth day of Gwakhyang-junggisan administration, the frequency and liquidity of diarrhea decreased and accompanying symptoms also improved. Method : Gwakhyang-junggisan was used for these patients suffering from chronic diarrhea of origin unknown to western medicine. patients were diagnosed as daejang-sul as bihu disease. Result : Results were taken as two cases of effective treatment of chronic diarrhea with Gwakhyang-junggisan. Conclusion : Result of this study suggest that Gwakhyang-junggisan is all effective treatment for such symptoms of chronic diarrhea as epigastric discomfort, quadri pain.

• 모자간호학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity and reliability of the Health Self-Determinism Index for Children (HSDI-C), an instrument designed to measure intrinsic motivation in health behavior. An convenience sample of 558,7 to 13 years old children completed the Korean version of HSDI-C. The findings were as follows : 1. Construct validity was supported through factorial isolation of four theory-consistent subscales ; Internal-external cue responsive ness, Self-determinism in health judgement, Competency in health matters, and Self-determinism in health behavior /goal. The total percent of variance explained by 4 factors was 2 percent. 2. The correlations between the four factors were ranged from -.06 to .29 indicating that factors are not redundant and each factor contributes uniquely to the total construct. 3. Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .96 for the total, and .72, .56, .69, and .75 on the respective subscales. Test-retest reliability for the total scale was .85 at 2 weeks. 4. The Analysis of variance for the HSDI-C total scale and subscales according to grades revealed that there were significant differences in means for the total and factor one and two, indicating younger children were more extrinsically motivated.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.77-96
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was the development of a scale to assess the daily hassles of school age children. The subjects were 398 third and sixth grade children selected from elementary schools in Seoul, Inchon, Taejon, Kwangju and Pusan. Instruments included a questionnaire composed of a 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale, demographic questions, a 27-item Children's Depression Inventory, the 42-item Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children, and a 30-item Children's Behavior Check List for mothers. Mean, %, ${\chi}^2$, Cramer's V, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis and Pearson's r were used for data analysis. 82 items from the 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale were selected through the item discriminant method. (Cramer's V discriminant coefficients ranged from .36 to .79). Five factors were extracted from the lst and 2nd factor analyses. Subscales were "parent-related," "friend-related I," "study-related," "friend-related II," and "teacher-related" stress. Criterion validity of the 82-item scale was confirmed through significant correlations with the Children's Depression Inventory (r=.55) and the Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children (r=.22). Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of daily hassles of school age children.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.130-142
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain in Older Adults Knowledge Survey (K-POAKS) to assess knowledge of pain in older adults including people with dementia for use in long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 179 nurses who have worked in long-term care hospitals in B, D and U cities. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 for internal consistency for test reliability was conducted. The content, criterion-related and construct validity were evaluated using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: The KR 20 was .75 and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was a range of 0.84~1.00. The criterion-related validity was positively correlated with attitudes (r=.28, p<.001) and performance (r=.21, p=.004). The construct validity of K-POAKS was analyzed by conducting the principal component method using the exploratory factor analysis varimax rotation, and seven factors were derived above the eigenvalue of 1.0. The seven factors explained 58.5% of the total variation. Conclusion: The Korean version of the POAKS showed satisfactory internal reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity and construct validity. These results suggest that the K-POAKS could be used as a suitable tool to measure the knowledge of the aged people's pain, including that of dementia patients for long-term care hospital nurses.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to develop a reliable and valid checklist to assess and manage post-stroke dysphagia and to identify its utilization. Methods: The first step was to develop checklist through systematic literatures reviews, to test the content validity from 11 clinical experts, and to test the construct validity and the internal consistency from 97 patients with post-stroke dysphagia. The second step was to identify clinical use of the checklist from the same 97 patients. Results: A total of 18 items compromised the assessment checklist and 64 items for intervention checklist. Internal consistencies of assessment checklist and intervention checklist were .84 and .98, respectively. In both checklists, level of utilization of general appearance was the highest, while that of early signs of aspiration was the lowest. The utilization levels of two checklists were significantly higher among patients who were less than 60 years old, and had liquid diet, facial paralysis, and previous history of aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion: We found that the checklists were reliable and valid. Further study is needed to develop specific strategies to improve nurses' use of assessment and intervention checklists for post-stroke dysphagia.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제37권4호통권112호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2005

To Increase the productivity of a paper machine, the maximization of the machine speed is a kind of simple way As the machine speed increases, more intense wet pressing is required to persist the outlet consistency of press part and reduce the water removal of dryer part. With more intense pressing, there are concerns that the quality of paper will be affected. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of wet-pressing on internal structure of paper, The nip pressure at the first and third nip in triple nip press was controlled. Paper structures, strength properties and pore properties were evaluated. As a result, first nip pressure more strongly influenced the paper structural properties than third nip pressure in triple nip pressing condition. Because of the high water content and low wet-web strength of paper web in first nip, increasing the first nip pressure induced the incipient crushing of wet-web and then caused a potential of web break during the following coating or printing processes.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.113-134
• /
• 2014

This study sought to develop a 'Meaning of Parenting Scale for Mothers(MPS-M)' in order to measure how Korean mothers perceive the meaning of parenting. To this end, in Study I, a preliminary scale was designed, based firstly on socio-cultural and evolutionary psychological perspectives and secondly on the responses from 118 mothers concerning meaning of parenting. This was followed up by the collection of 887 mothers' responses to the preliminary scale, which then underwent exploratory factor analysis for scale revision. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a collection of responses from 548 mothers using the revised scale. Concurrent validity was tested using a parenting stress scale, and reliability was then checked by conducting calculations for internal consistency. As a result, the MPS-M was finally developed, consisting of 25 items under six factors: 'Internal Maturity', 'Restoration of Naturality', 'Familial Union', 'Physical Burden', 'Affective Disorientation', and 'Comprehensive Loss'. Accordingly, the meaning of parenting was statistically confirmed as a hierarchical two-sided concept possessing six factors under positive and negative meaning categories.